ETIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF MAJOR INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND IN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Г.А. УТЕПБЕРГЕНОВА ◽  
К.Д. КУЛЬЖАНОВА ◽  
К.Б. НАСЫРОВА ◽  
А.А. НАУРЫЗОВА
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Therapy Regimen

В настоящей статье проведен анализ антибиотикочувствительности штаммов из различных биоматериалов в ШГИБ за 2017 год и чувствительности к антибиотикам у пациентов с диагнозом Covid -19, находившиеся на лечении в ГИБ в период с 26.03 по 31.07.2020г. Установлено, что штаммы вышеуказанных бактерий обладают различным спектром антибиотикорезистентности и они должны включаться в схему этиотропной терапии после определения антибиотикочувствительности штамма, выделенного от больного. This article analyzes the antibiotic sensitivity of strains from various biomaterials in the SHGIB for 2017 and the sensitivity to antibiotics in patients diagnosed with Covid-19 who were treated in the GIB in the period from 26.03 to 31.07.2020. It was found that the strains of the above-mentioned bacteria have a different spectrum of antibiotic resistance and they should be included in the etiotropic therapy regimen after determining the antibiotic sensitivity of the strain isolated from the patient

scholarly journals MAIN AGENTS OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS OF GENITOURINARY TRACTS AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Gleb Bondarenko ◽  
Svetlana Dzhoraeva ◽  
Anna Kondakova ◽  
Iuliia Shcherbakova ◽  
Nataliya Sobol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Genitourinary Tract ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
The One ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Today the one of most important medical-social problems is a growing antibiotic resistance of opportunistic infectious agents. Aim of research: the dynamic observance of antibiotic resistance of opportunistic pathogens – infectious agents of genitourinary tracts under conditions of venereological clinic. The study included 2205 patients with inflammatory diseases of genitourinary tract, who were on the stationary treatment at the department of venereology of SI “IDV NAMS of Ukraine”. Bacteriological studies for isolation of conventionally pathogenic microorganisms with determination of sensitivity of separated laboratory strains to antibacterial drugs of the different groups were carried out using the methods of classic bacteriology. It was demonstrated, that the composition of microbiocenosis of genitourinary tract in patients with infections, caused by conventionally pathogenic microorganisms was characterized by the prevalence of aerobic representatives of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae families that formed associations both between each other and with representatives of other taxonomic groups. The analysis of antibiotic sensitivity of separated strains testifies to the necessity of permanent microbiological monitoring of opportunistic infectious agents for elaborations of the regimes of rational antibacterial therapy.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Karuna D. Sagili ◽  
Wai Wai Han ◽  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Presence of Campylobacter coli in slaughtered pigs and its resistance to antibiotics

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
S. Ivanovic ◽  
S. Lilic
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
European Working ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

Campylobacter coli is zoonotic bacterium. As saprophyte it persists in pigs and they are its common reservoir. It transmits to human by meat and meat products. Campylobacter coli is sensitive to antibiotics but in one moment could become resistant. According to literature data, the aim of our investigations was to affirm the sensitivity of Campylobacter coli, isolated from the samples collected from clinically healthy pigs, on slaughter line, to following antibiotics: Erythromycin, Ampycillin and Tetracycline. From all of identified isolates it was selected 18 strains and they are examined to antibiotic sensitivity by both of dilution and diffusion methods. Obtained results were interpreted according to proposition of European Working Group for investigation of antibiotic resistance of bacteria (1996). Using both methods it was found out: all strains were sensitive to erythromycin; all strains were resistant to tetracycline, 16 strains were resistant to ampycillin, two strains were intermediate to ampycillin (strain 4 and 13). Usage of antibiotics in prophylactic purposes is common practice in intensive animal husbandry. This usage change microbial flora in treated animals and its inadequate application often cause bacterial resistance to them.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Among the Most Common Uropathogens in Kidney Transplant Recipients

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Borelli Zlatkov ◽  
Jean Filipov ◽  
Emil Paskalev ◽  
Boyka Markova ◽  
Yuliya Marteva-Proevska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Transplant Center ◽  
Enterococcus Spp

Abstract Introduction. Urinary tract infection (UTI) among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is one of the most common complications after transplantation. The aim of our study was to analyze the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of the most common agents causing UTI in Bulgarian KTRs followed up in our Transplant Center. Methods. We analyzed the antibiotic resistance and sensitivity of the most common strains of bacteria causing UTI in the Bulgarian KTRs, namely class Enterobac-teriaceae and Enterococcus spp. We used conventional biochemical methods to identify different strains of uro-pathogens-miniApi (bioMerieux, France) and BBL Crystal (BD). The antibiotic sensitivity was determined via disc-diffusing method, according to the accepted Bulgarian CLSI standard. We used WHONET, version 5.6 to analyze the antibiotic resistance data. Results. The total number of tested patients was 366 [males 228, females 138]. The total number of tested urine samples was 829 [positive ones-203), negative samples 606, contaminated 20]. The most commonly detected uropathogens in Bulgarian KTRs were Gram /-/ negative bacteria (63.80%). Of these, 93.28% belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae group, with E. coli, K. pneumoniae and the PPM /Proteus, Providentia, Mor-ganela/subgroup being the most common (54.5%, 19.20% and 16%, respectively). Gram /+/ positive bacteria were detected in 28.09% of the patients, Enterococcus spp being the most commonly isola-ted-67.79%. In the Enterococcus group, the strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium were the most commonly detected. The bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae group were most sensitive to carbapenems and aminoglycosides, with sensitivity peaking to almost 100%, whereas they were least sensitive to aminopenicillines [sensitivity below 20%]. The PPM subgroup revealed very high sensitivity to beta-lactamase protected broad spectrum penicillins (Piperacillin/Tazobactam, sensitivity - 90%). Gram /+/ positive uropathogens were mostly sensitive to Linezolid, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin (100%). These strains were least sensitive to Erythromycin and Tetracicline (17.50%). Conclusions. Our results were similar to previous studies. The differences detected can be explained with the characteristics of the bacterial strains and the specific practice of each transplant center. Having in mind the possible complications of UTIs, further studies are needed to clarify the problem with antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens and the use of antibiotics after KT.

scholarly journals Topical issues of inhaled antibacterial therapy of respiratory diseases in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
A. B. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Despite the fact that acute respiratory infections have viral etiology, the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions accounts for more than 70% in outpatient practice. However, the preventive administration of systemic antibiotics does not reduce the duration of the disease and the incidence of bacterial complications. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance of infectious disease pathogens. The global problem of antibiotic resistance is seen as a serious threat to public health, and therefore the systemic antibiotic restriction policy is crucial, which helps to reduce the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of infectious agents. The possibility of using local antibacterial drugs enables optimization of antibiotic therapy and reduces the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The article discusses the issues of use of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in various diseases in children.

Antibiotic resistance: a modern view of the problem by the example of a multi-profile hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Kulagina ◽  
I. R. Valiullina ◽  
E. R. Kadyseva ◽  
M. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Empirical Antibacterial Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Inpatient Department

Relevance. Conducting microbiological monitoring allows controlling hospital-acquired infections and making timely strategic decisions for epidemiologists and clinical pharmacologists. Objective of the work is to determine the tendency of prevailing problem microflora and to develop a strategy of empirical antibacterial therapy for severe nosocomial infections and inflammatory processes. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the main groups of pathogens of hospital infections in dynamics for the first quarter of 2018, 2019 and 2020. The relation of positive cultures to the total number of investigated samples was taken for the analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity was isolated, identified and determined using conventional mass spectrometry methods. The results. The stable sowing rate of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care and surgical departments was noted for the analyzed periods. To solve the issue of antibiotic resistance in the inpatient department, a strategy to contain it has been developed.

scholarly journals Frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples of sexually active individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (42) ◽  
pp. 1698-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Farkas ◽  
Eszter Ostorházi ◽  
Katinka Pónyai ◽  
Béla Tóth ◽  
Elmardi Adlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Resistant Strains

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis have important role among the causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in genital samples obtained from patients examined in the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Centre of the Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest between May 1, 2008 and July 31, 2010. Patients and methods: Samples were taken from the urethra in men and from the cervix and urethra in women by universal swab (Biolab®) into Urea-Myco DUO kit (Bio-Rad®) and were incubated for 48 hours at 37 C°. Antibiotic sensitivity of positive samples was determined in U9 bouillon using SIR Mycoplasma kit (Bio-Rad®). Results: Samples for 4154 patients aged 16-60 years were examined. In 247/4154 samples (6%) U. urealyticum and in 26/4154 samples (0.63%) M. hominis was isolated from the genital tract. Most U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains (75% and 77%, respectively) were cultured from cervix, while the remaining 25%, and 23% from the male and female urethra, respectively. U. urealyticum and M. hominis were most commonly detected in patients aged between 21 and 40 years. The majority of U. urealyticum strains were sensitive to tetracycline (94%), doxycycline (95%), azithromycin (88%) and josamycin (90%), but were resistant to ofloxacin (21%), erythromycin (85%) and clindamycin (79%). Seventy-seven percent of the U. urealyticum strains were simultaneously resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, suggesting that ex iuvantibus therapies may select cross-resistant strains to both antibiotics. The resistance of M. hominis to clindamycin, doxycycline, ofloxacin and tetracycline varied between 4% and 12 %. Conclusions: Because none of the strains was sensitive to all examined antibiotics, the antibiotic sensitivity of U. urealyticum and M. hominis strains should be determined. The high rate of ofloxacin, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance should be considered in the therapy of U. urealyticum infections in Hungary. This is the firstsuch a clinical microbiological study in this topic in Hungary. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1698–1702.

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from the oral cavities of live white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in South African waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Gennari ◽  
Alison A. Kock ◽  
Malcolm J. Smale ◽  
Alison Towner ◽  
Nasreen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
South African ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
White Shark ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Carbapenem Antibiotic

The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is responsible for 49% of shark-related injuries in South Africa, yet no information currently exists on the composition or antibiotic resistance of bacteria hosted by these apex predators in South African waters. This study aimed to address this gap by sampling the bacteria present in the oral cavities of 28 live C. carcharias along South Africa’s southern coastline. The antibiotic resistance of the range of microbiota was also assessed using antibiotic disc diffusion tests. A total of 51 strains from at least 20 species of bacteria were isolated from the oral cavities of C. carcharias. Of these strains, the most common bacteria present were Serratia spp., Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio alginolyticus. The overall antibiotic resistance was relatively higher in this study than that reported for bacterial microbiota sampled from other shark species. Results indicate that the combination therapy of imipenem (carbapenem antibiotic) and vancomycin (glycopeptide antibiotic) might be the most parsimonious option to effectively treat infections resulting from white shark bites, particularly in South Africa. It is hoped that, in addition to assisting medical professionals to treat shark bite victims, these findings enhance the understanding of the microbial communities present in large coastal predators and their surrounding environments.

scholarly journals Phage steering of antibiotic-resistance evolution in the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gurney ◽  
Léa Pradier ◽  
Joanne S Griffin ◽  
Claire Gougat-Barbera ◽  
Benjamin K Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Phage Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Trade Off

Abstract Background and objectives Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global concern and has spurred increasing efforts to find alternative therapeutics. Bacteriophage therapy has seen near constant use in Eastern Europe since its discovery over a century ago. One promising approach is to use phages that not only reduce bacterial pathogen loads but also select for phage resistance mechanisms that trade-off with antibiotic resistance—so called ‘phage steering’. Methodology Recent work has shown that the phage OMKO1 can interact with efflux pumps and in so doing select for both phage resistance and antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We tested the robustness of this approach to three different antibiotics in vitro (tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin) and one in vivo (erythromycin). Results We show that in vitro OMKO1 can reduce antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa (Washington PAO1) even in the presence of antibiotics, an effect still detectable after ca.70 bacterial generations in continuous culture with phage. Our in vivo experiment showed that phage both increased the survival times of wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) and increased bacterial sensitivity to erythromycin. This increased antibiotic sensitivity occurred both in lines with and without the antibiotic. Conclusions and implications Our study supports a trade-off between antibiotic resistance and phage sensitivity. This trade-off was maintained over co-evolutionary time scales even under combined phage and antibiotic pressure. Similarly, OMKO1 maintained this trade-off in vivo, again under dual phage/antibiotic pressure. Our findings have implications for the future clinical use of steering in phage therapies. Lay Summary: Given the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection, new approaches to treatment are urgently needed. Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses. The use of such viruses to treat infections has been in near-continuous use in several countries since the early 1900s. Recent developments have shown that these viruses are not only effective against routine infections but can also target antibiotic resistant bacteria in a novel, unexpected way. Similar to other lytic phages, these so-called ‘steering phages’ kill the majority of bacteria directly. However, steering phages also leave behind bacterial variants that resist the phages, but are now sensitive to antibiotics. Treatment combinations of these phages and antibiotics can now be used to greater effect than either one independently. We evaluated the impact of steering using phage OMKO1 and a panel of three antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important pathogen in hospital settings and in people with cystic fibrosis. Our findings indicate that OMKO1, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, maintains antibiotic sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo, giving hope that phage steering will be an effective treatment option against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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