TRANSFORMATION OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES OF IMMATURE ANIMALS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF MERCAZOLILUM-INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM

The aim of the study. The aim of this study was to establish the features of the structural organization of the chewing and lateral pterygoid muscles of immature rats during the developmental stages of experimental hypothyroidism. Materials and methods. The material for the study was the chewing and lateral pterygoid muscles of 48 white mongrel immature rats-males. The following research methods were used: mercazole-induced hypothyroidism modelling, injection method for studying the bloodstream, histological examination of blood vessels and tissue elements, electron microscopy, morphometric analysis, biochemical methods, statistical evaluation of the results. Results. A violation of thyroid homeostasis (a decrease in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood) has been established. In the bloodstream, edematous changes are observed histologically and submicroscopically. A decrease in the number of hemocapillaries per unit area and the number of hemocapillaries per muscle fiber have been established morphometrically. In muscle fibers, cross striation with vacuolization of endomysia and perimisia is lost. Edematous changes are observed, which are aggravated depending on the duration of experimental hypothyroidism. The glycolytic muscle fibers are more affected, and the changes are aggravated depending on the duration of the experiment. It has also been found out that there is a redistribution in the amount of muscle fibers. There is a tendency to a decrease in oxidative-glycolytic and a significant increase in glycolytic muscle fibers. The morphological changes that have been found out are accompanied by violations of the macroelement balance, in particular, the content of Ca, P, Mg, which determine the functioning of skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusion. Thus, at different periods of hypothyroidism, edematous changes occur both in the vascular wall and in muscle fibers, which are aggravated depending on the duration of hypothyroidism and are caused by a decrease in the basic metabolic rate, slowing of redox processes and tissue hypoxia. At the same time, chromotropic substances are released from bonds with proteins and accumulate in the intermediate substance with the subsequent replacement of collagen fibers by mucus-like masses.

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Mitochondrial Changes in Choline-Deficient Rat Myocardium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100305 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 112-113

Author(s):

F. G. Zaki

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fibers ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Choline Deficiency ◽

Nutritional Disorder ◽

Low Protein ◽

Structural Abnormalities ◽

Cross Striation ◽

Pericardial Edema ◽

Myocardial Lesions

Choline-deficiency was induced in Holtzman young rats of both sexes by feeding them a high fat - low protein diet.Preliminary studies of the ultrastructural changes in the myocardium of these animals have been recently reported from this laboratory. Myocardial lesions first appeared in the form of intraventricular mural thrombi, loss of cross striation of muscle fibers and focal necrosis of muscle cells associated with interstitial myocarditis. Prolonged choline-deficiency induced cardiomegaly associated with pericardial edema.During the early phase of this nutritional disorder, heart mitochondria - despite of not showing any swelling similar to that usually encountered in liver mitochondria of the same animal - ware the most ubiquitous site of marked structural abnormalities. Early changes in mitochondria appeared as vacuolation, disorganization, disruption and loss of cristae. Degenerating mitochondria were often seen quite enlarged and their matrix was replaced by whorls of myelin figures resembling lysosomal structures especially where muscle fibers were undergoing necrosis. In some areas, mitochondria appeared to be unusually clumped together where some contained membranelined vacuoles and others enclosed dense bodies and granular inclusions.

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Justification of technical parameters of an ultrasonic device for improvement of meat salting efficiency

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2020i7pp75-77 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 75-77

Author(s):

Ekaterina Sergeevna Krasnikova ◽

Natalya Lvovna Morgunova ◽

Phelix Yakovlevich Rudik ◽

Aleksandr Vladimirovich Krasnikov ◽

Nikita Andreevich Semilet

Keyword(s):

Technological Process ◽

Muscle Tissue ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Tissue Microstructure ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Ultrasonic Device ◽

Lamb Meat ◽

Local Destruction ◽

Cross Striation

The results of a study of the effect of wet ultrasonic lamb meat salting on the muscle tissue microstructure are presented, and the technical parameters of the ultrasonic device are justified. It has been established that significant destruction and swelling of muscle fibers, local destruction of the sarcolemma with its pronounced rugosity are observed at ultrasonic salting with a frequency of 35 kHz, the cross-striation is poorly expressed, the tissue structure is disturbed. An ultrasonic salting with a frequency of 26 kHz was accompanied an increase in the number of transverse microcracks and crevices, loosening of muscle fibers, the formation of cavities between them while retention of the tissue structure, which contributes to the appearance of a brine between muscle fibers and accelerates its penetration into the fiber. It allows us to recommend ultrasound at a frequency of 26 kHz for cavitation activation of the brine to intensify the technological process of lamb meat salting.

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Effects of Aging on Type II Muscle Fibers: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.15.3.336 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 336-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Florian Brunner ◽

Annina Schmid ◽

Ali Sheikhzadeh ◽

Margareta Nordin ◽

Jangwhon Yoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Skeletal Muscles ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Fiber Type ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Type Ii ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Effects Of Aging ◽

Complex Phenomena ◽

Human Skeletal Muscles

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for scientific articles in selected databases to determine the effects of aging on Type II muscle fibers in human skeletal muscles. They found that aging of Type II muscle fibers is primarily associated with a loss of fibers and a decrease in fiber size. Morphological changes with increasing age particularly included Type II fiber grouping. There is conflicting evidence regarding the change of proportion of Type II fibers. Type II muscle fibers seem to play an important role in the aging process of human skeletal muscles. According to this literature review, loss of fibers, decrease in size, and fiber-type grouping represent major quantitative changes. Because the process of aging involves various complex phenomena such as fiber-type coexpression, however, it seems difficult to assign those changes solely to a specific fiber type.

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A taxonomic review of the family Trachipteridae (Acanthomorpha: Lampridiformes), with an emphasis on taxa distributed in the western Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5039.3.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5039 (3) ◽

pp. 301-351

Author(s):

JENNIFER M. MARTIN ◽

ERIC J. HILTON

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Early Life History ◽

The Body ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Western Pacific Ocean ◽

Taxonomic Review ◽

The Family ◽

The Western Pacific

The family Trachipteridae—the Ribbonfishes, Dealfishes, and their relatives—has a circumglobal distribution, with at least 10 species in three genera (Zu Walters & Fitch 1960, Desmodema Walters & Fitch 1960, and Trachipterus Goüan 1770) that are characterized by elongate, extremely laterally compressed bodies, large eyes, absence of ribs, spines on lateral-line scales, greatly protrusible mouths, and a lack of pelvic fins in adults. They are also known for the drastic morphological changes that occur during ontogeny. Trachipterids are poorly represented in collections due to the fragile nature of their bodies. Most studies of the Trachipteridae have been limited by the numbers, developmental stages, and the completeness of the specimens that were examined. Along with the lack of available material, incomplete and conflicting character information compounds the taxonomic confusion of Trachipteridae. Despite the body of regional revisions that have examined trachipterid taxonomy, none have synthesized a suite of morphological characters across ontogeny. The goals of this paper are to (1) revise the family Trachipteridae, (2) revise the genera Trachipterus, Zu, and Desmodema, including information regarding ontogeny and biogeography, and 3) address the alpha taxonomy of Zu, Desmodema, and Trachipterus from the western Pacific Ocean. We recognize possibly five species of Trachipterus as being present in the western Pacific, as well as two species of both Zu and Desmodema. Despite additions to the specimen base that allows refinement of taxonomy and diagnoses, there are still large knowledge gaps associated with the taxonomic review of Trachipteridae. These reflect incomplete understanding of geographic distribution of taxa which may mask unrecognized taxonomic variability. The genus Trachipterus specifically remains problematic and will require greater detailed global study. Early life history stages remain unknown for several taxa which hinders full interpretation of ontogenetic transitions. Protracted transitions, some of which are clarified here, further confuse stage-based diagnoses and must be considered in future analyses of this family.

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Alterations in intramuscular water movement associated with mechanical changes in human skeletal muscle fibers: an evaluation using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and B-mode ultrasonography

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1258/ar.2011.110153 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 1003-1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Osamu Yanagisawa ◽

Toshiyuki Kurihara ◽

Toru Fukubayashi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Water Movement ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Plantar Flexors ◽

Diffusion Weighted Images ◽

Diffusion Weighted

Background Intramuscular water movement is expected to be affected by the mechanical changes of the muscle fibers. However, the effect of changes in fiber length (FL) and pennation angle (PA) on the water movement has not been sufficiently investigated in human skeletal muscles. Purpose To determine the relationship between intramuscular water movement and the mechanical changes in human muscle fibers. Material and Methods Axial magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted images of the right leg (eight men) were taken using a 1.5-Tesla device with the ankle joint maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantar flexed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of both the dorsiflexors (the superficial and deep parts of the tibialis anterior) and the plantar flexors (medial gastrocnemius and soleus) were calculated along three orthogonal axes (S-I: superior-to-inferior, A-P: anterior-to-posterior, and R-L: right-to-left). FL and PA of both muscle groups were also calculated from longitudinal B-mode ultrasound images with the ankle joint maximally dorsiflexed and plantar flexed. Results There was a significant increase in the ADC in superficial ( P < 0.05) and deeP ( P < 0.05) parts of the dorsiflexors in the S-I direction when the ankle was plantar flexed and in the A-P and R-L directions when the ankle was dorsiflexed ( P < 0.05). The plantar flexors showed significantly elevated ADC in the S-I direction when the ankle was dorsiflexed ( P < 0.05), and in the A-P and R-L directions when the ankle was plantar flexed ( P < 0.05). The dorsiflexors also showed significantly increased PA and decreased FL values when the ankle was dorsiflexed ( P < 0.05). The plantar flexors displayed similar morphological changes when the ankle was plantar flexed ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Water diffusion is affected by structural changes in the long axis of the muscle fibers, namely the changes in PA and FL.

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Ontogeny and Anatomy of the Dimorphic Pitchers of Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111603 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1603

Author(s):

Rachel Schwallier ◽

Valeri van Wely ◽

Mirna Baak ◽

Rutger Vos ◽

Bertie Joan van Heuven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shape Analysis ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Food Sources ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Microstructure Development ◽

Phase Progression ◽

Developmental Phases ◽

Geometric Morphology ◽

Similar Phase

An enigmatic feature of tropical pitcher plants belonging to the genus Nepenthes is their dimorphic prey-capturing pitfall traps. In many species, the conspicuously shaped upper and lower pitchers grow from a swollen leaf tendril tip until finally opening as insect-alluring devices. Few have studied the ontogeny of these traps from an anatomical and quantitative morphological perspective. We investigated whether the anatomy and development of lower and upper type pitchers of N. rafflesiana differ or overlap in terms of 3D geometric morphology and microstructure progression and presence. We hypothesized that there is an overlap in the initial, but not all, developmental stages of the two pitcher types and that one pitcher type is suspended in development. We identified four important morphological changes of pitcher ontogeny and defined these as curvation, elongation, inflation and maturation phases. Pitcher length indicated progress through developmental phases, and we propose to use it as a tool for indication of developmental stage. Microstructure development coincided with the developmental phases defined. Additionally, we discovered a new anatomical feature of extrafloral nectariferous peristomal glands between the inner peristome ridges of upper and lower pitchers being hollow and analyze the chemistry of the sugars on the outside of these glands. Ontogenetic shape analysis indicated that upper and lower pitcher types develop with similar phase progression but have no directly overlapping morphology. This means that upper pitchers are not a derived state from lower pitchers. Independent developmental programs evolved to produce distinctly shaped upper and lower pitchers in Nepenthes, likely to exploit different food sources.

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Morphological changes in distant muscle fibers following thermal injury in Wistar rats

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502010000600012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 525-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Flavia de Oliveira ◽

Luci Rezende Bevilacqua ◽

Carlos Alberto Anaruma ◽

Silvia de Campos Boldrini ◽

Edson Aparecido Liberti

Keyword(s):

Body Surface ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Thermal Injury ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

The Body ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Control Group ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscles

PURPOSE: Thermal injury causes catabolic processes as the body attempts to repair the damaged area. This study evaluated the effects of a scald injury on the morphology of muscle fibers belonging to a muscle distant from the lesion. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into control (C) and scalded (S) groups. Group S was scalded over 45% of the body surface, standardized by body weight. Rats in both groups were euthanized at four, seven and 14 days following the injury. The middle portions of the medial gastrocnemius muscles were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius, and submitted to histological analysis. RESULTS: Control group sections exhibited equidistantly distributed polygonal muscle fibers with peripheral nuclei, characteristic of normal muscle. The injured group sections did not consistently show these characteristics; many fibers in these sections exhibited a rounded contour, variable stain intensities, and greater interfiber distances. A substantially increased amount of connective tissue was also observed on the injured group sections. CONCLUSION: This experimental model found a morphological change in muscle distant from the site of thermal injury covering 45% of the body surface.

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Activation of Embryonic Red and White Muscle Fibers During Fictive Swimming in the Developing Zebrafish

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00659.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 1244-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Robert R. Buss ◽

Pierre Drapeau

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

White Muscle ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Synaptic Activity ◽

Body Movements ◽

Early Developmental ◽

Whole Cell Recordings ◽

Myotomal Muscle ◽

Synaptic Drive

Sub-threshold, motoneuron-evoked synaptic activity was observed in zebrafish embryonic red (ER) and white (EW) muscle fibers paralyzed with a dose of d-tubocurarine insufficient to abolish synaptic activity to determine whether muscle activation was coordinated to produce the undulating body movements required for locomotion. Paired whole-cell recordings revealed a synaptic drive that alternated between ipsilateral and contralateral myotomes and exhibited a rostral-caudal delay in timing appropriate for swimming. Both ER and EW muscle were activated during fictive swimming. However, at the fastest fictive swimming rates, ER fibers were de-recruited, whereas they could be active in isolation of EW fibers at the slowest fictive swimming rates. Prior to hatching, fictive swimming was preceded by a lower frequency, more robust and rhythmic synaptic drive resembling the “coiling” behavior of fish embryos. The motor activity observed in paralyzed zebrafish closely resembled the swimming and coiling behaviors observed in these developing fishes. At the early developmental stages examined in this study, myotomal muscle recruitment and coordination were similar to that observed in adult fishes during swimming. Our results indicate that the patterned activation of myotomal muscle is set from the onset of development.

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Size and Orientation of Masticatory Muscles in Patients with Mandibular Laterognathism

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910608500614 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 552-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

T.K. Goto ◽

S. Nishida ◽

M. Yahagi ◽

G.E.J. Langenbach ◽

Y. Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Masseter Muscle ◽

Lateral Displacement ◽

Masticatory Muscles ◽

Muscle Size ◽

Control Group ◽

Facial Morphology ◽

Jaw Muscles ◽

Adaptive Process ◽

Medial Pterygoid ◽

Pterygoid Muscles

Size measurements of jaw muscles reflect their force capabilities and correlate with facial morphology. Using MRI, we examined the size and orientation of jaw muscles in patients with mandibular laterognathism in comparison with a control group. We hypothesized that the muscles of the deviated side would be smaller than those of the non-deviated side, and that the muscles of both sides would be smaller than in controls. In patients, a comparison of deviated and non-deviated sides showed, in orientation, differences for masseter and medial pterygoid muscles, but, in size, differences only for the masseter muscle. Nevertheless, muscle sizes in patients were much smaller than in controls. Lateral displacement of the mandible can explain the orientation differences, but not the smaller muscle size, in patients. It is possible that the laterodeviation initiates an adaptive process in the entire jaw system, resulting in extensive atrophy of the jaw muscles.

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