Representing the Twelve Calendrical Animals as Beastly, Human, and Hybrid Beings in Medieval China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Chungwa Ho
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Early History ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Religious Imagination ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Sources ◽  
China Today ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Materials

In this study, the early history of the calendrical animals is traced to the mapping of space, time, stars and constellations, the rise of correlative cosmology and the mantic arts in China. It draws attention to the representations of the calendrical animals as beasts, humans and hybrids, their internal as well as external sources of inspiration, and the differing perspectives on the relationship between humans and animals underlying such depictions. Archaeology provides the primary materials for the study of the belief in the calendrical animals as arbiters of human fate in medieval China. Today the calendrical animals continue to engage the religious imagination and beyond, as they also spark the discourse on national identity and global politics.

Old Hispanic Chant and the Early History of Plainsong

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Maloy
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biblical Texts ◽  
Liturgical Chant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biblical Sources ◽  
Old Roman

Given the fragmentary evidence about the emergence of Western plainsong, scholars have not reached a consensus about how early liturgical chant was transformed into fully formed Medieval repertories. Proposed explanations have centered on the Roman liturgy and its two chant dialects, Gregorian and Old Roman. The Old Hispanic (or Mozarabic) chant can yield new insights into how and why the creators of early repertories selected and altered biblical texts, set them to specific kinds of music, and assigned them to festivals. I explore these questions from the perspective of the Old Hispanic sacrificia, or offertory chants. Specific traditions of Iberian biblical exegesis were central to the meaning and formation of these chants, guiding their compilers’ choice and alteration of biblical sources. Their textual characteristics and liturgical structure call for a reassessment of the theories that have been proposed about the origins of Roman chant. Although the sacrificia exhibit ample signs of liturgical planning, such as thematically proper chants with unique liturgical assignments, the processes that produced this repertory were both less linear and more varied than those envisaged for Roman chant. Finally, the sacrificia shed new light on the relationship between words and music in pre-Carolingian chant, showing that the cantors shaped the melodies according to textual syntax and meaning.

Antislavery on a Slave Coast

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic X. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early History ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Before the abolition of the slave trade in the British empire in 1807, colonial Sierra Leone was an experiment in free trade and free labour, founded by the Sierra Leone Company, a joint-stock company led by antislavery activists, and settled by African American Loyalists from Nova Scotia. This chapter explores the early history of the colony, and shows how antislavery was undermined by the routines of the transatlantic slave trade. Meanwhile, African American settlers were marginalised, and the arrival of 500 Jamaican Maroons in 1800 helped to cement the relationship between the leaders of the antislavery movement and the British armed forces.

THE EARLY HISTORY OF OXYGEN USE FOR PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Early History ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thus, by the end of 1948, belief in the value of oxygen therapy was universal. The newborn infant was thought to be more resistant to higher pressures of oxygen than the adult, and oxygen was accepted as being generally beneficial to the premature infant. Pediatricians concerned with mortality, neurological deficits such as cerebral diplegia and mental retardation, or with cyanotic attacks and apnea had a firm rationale for their strong emphasis on prompt and vigorous oxygen therapy as a major advance in the care of premature infants. Better incubators and piped-in oxygen in the new premature centers permitted better care after World War II. The relationship between RLF and oxygen therapy was neither known nor suspected.

Du Bois and James at Harvard: The Challenges of Fraternal Pairings and Racial Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saladin Ambar
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
William James ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
American Political Thought ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article seeks to illuminate the relationship between two of the most important figures in American political thought: the pragmatist philosopher William James, and the pioneering civil rights leader and intellectual, W.E.B. Du Bois. As Harvard's first African American PhD, Du Bois was a critical figure in theorizing about race and identity. His innovative take on double consciousness has often been attributed to his contact with James who was one of Du Bois's most critical graduate professors at Harvard. But beyond the view of the two thinkers as intellectual collaborators, is the fraught history of liberal racial fraternal pairing and its role in shaping national identity. This article examines Du Bois and James's relationship in the context of that history, one marked by troubled associations between friendship and race.

“A World of Tomorrow”: Trauma, Urbicide, and Documentation in A Woman in Berlin: Eight Weeks in the Conquered City

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Identity ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
World War ◽  
Publication History ◽  
The World ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The World War II diary A Woman in Berlin: Eight Weeks in the Conquered City (2005) documents one woman’s story of survival in the spring of 1945 in Berlin, during which upward of 130,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Red Army. First, this essay introduces the politics of recuperating the English translation of the diary within the context of the scant supporting historical documentation and memorialization of Berliner women’s experience during the occupation. Second, it demonstrates how the diary produces a feminist account of survival and a narrative for collective trauma by examining the diarist’s representations of the effects of rape and rubblestrewn Berlin. Third, the essay details the complicated publication history of the diary through a consideration of the relationship between the trauma sustained by the survivors of mass rape and the blows to German national identity that it documents.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Donington ◽  
Ryan Hanley ◽  
Jessica Moody
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Identity Narratives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Relationship

The Introduction to this volume (Britain’s History and Memory of Transatlantic Slavery) sets out the current context of scholarship on the history of Britain’s involvement in transatlantic slavery and the slave trade and its abolition, and work around the memory of this history. This chapter considers what is ultimately at stake through configuring, reconfiguring and contesting the place of slavery and the slave trade in British national identity narratives, how this has changed in the last thirty years and why examining such relationships through a ‘local’ lens is important for interrogating the relationship between history, memory and identity. The Introduction sets out the structure of the book in its two parts and gives brief overviews of the following chapters.

VISUAL COMMUNICATION OF THE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN NEGERI SEMBILAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Mohd Haizra Hashim ◽  
Abdul Mu’ati Zamri Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Pauzi Abdul Latif ◽  
Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos
Keyword(s):  
Visual Communication ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Early History ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Surrounding Space ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Visual communication in architecture is a genuine aspiration in realizing the relationship between the Malays and other communities. The composition of the models in this communication is very well organized and will remain relevant to be developed from time to time. It is an observation on the symbols, types of motifs and design aspects of the carvings, also the structural elements in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan. This also comprises the study of the chronology of the early history of the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan which has its linkages with the Islamic art. Emphasis is given to the diversity in the carving characteristics as a comparison regarding historical, cultural and environmental backgrounds. The delicacy of the craftsmanship among Malay carvers in Negeri Sembilan is reflected in their maturity and ability to fuse traditional elements and Islam. Symbols that have motifs in the carvings result from the carvers' observation and experience. The selection of these motifs is carefully made to ensure that they are the Islamic teachings and not deviating with the Islamic law. Carvings in the Malay architecture of Negeri Sembilan are also crafted with an aim to beautify a piece of architecture made of various motifs. Those carved parts are always assured to maintain the balance with the surrounding space. Floral motifs are often combined with cosmic or geometrical motifs. In many cases, plant-based motifs are also prevalence translated into carvings. This is a tribute from the Malay carvers to beauty, perfection, and harmony of nature.

Re-entangling the Thermometer: Cornelis Drebbel’s Description of his Self-regulating Oven, the Regiment of Fire, and the Early History of Temperature

Nuncius ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Keller
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Early History ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A new, illustrated source, “Drebbel’s Description of his Circulating Oven,” sheds light on the thermostatic oven of Cornelis Drebbel (1572-1633), a Dutch alchemist, engineer, and philosopher active in Holland, Zeeland, London and Prague. The “Description” survives in two German copies. It describes two new inventions, a “Judicium” (which we might call a thermometer) and a “Regimen” (which we might call a feedback control mechanism). It thus engages longstanding debates concerning the invention of the thermometer. More fundamentally, it engages the relationship of artisanality and philosophy. The “Description” highlights the entangled origins of both instruments, which emerged through combined concerns of alchemy, engineering, philosophy, and natural magic. In the early seventeenth century, the term “thermometer” indicated an object with a more expansive role than it later would. The later emergence of a distinct scientific instrument industry, separating previously entangled roles, has colored subsequent views of such instruments and their makers.

Edward I’s government and the Irish church: a neglected document from the Waterford—Lismore controversy

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (127) ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
Richard Huscroft
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stock Of Knowledge

The union of the neighbouring episcopal sees of Lismore and Waterford on 16 June 1363 brought to an end a history of disputes and sometimes violent disagreements between the two bishoprics which had lasted for almost two centuries since the arrival of the English invaders in Ireland. The early history of this conflict, up to 1228, has already been dealt with in detail, while its conclusion, from 1325 onwards, has also been treated in outline. What happened between 1228 and 1325, however, has never been discussed, and while this note does not in any way purport to fill this gap, the document upon which it focuses, which dates from 1285, adds something to the stock of knowledge on this topic. It has been in print in summarised translation for well over a century, but it has never been published in full, analysed or put in context, and it has been quite ignored in all previous discussions of this controversy. It gives rise to some interesting questions about the relationship between the English and Irish administrations at the end of the thirteenth century, however, and about how important decisions were taken at the heart of Edward I’s government. It also casts intriguing light on a difficult time in the career of Stephen of Fulbourn, bishop of Waterford, perhaps Edward Fs most important and powerful servant in Ireland until his death in July 1288.

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