scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATING BEER AND NON-ALCOHOLIC PRODUCTS SHELF LIFE

Food systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
M. V. Gernet ◽  
E. M. Sevostyanova ◽  
O. A. Soboleva ◽  
I. L. Kovaleva ◽  
I. N. Gribkova
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Basic Salt ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Selection Principles ◽  
Normalized Parameters ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The article discusses the relevance of developing methodological approaches to the beer and soft drinks accelerated aging method in the market. The controlled indicators selection principles, mainly affecting the quality of the finished product, and the basic equation describing the dependence of changes in indicators on the main temperature factor are given. Studies of the influence of various physical factors (temperatures in the range of 50–60 °C, UV-radiation), both individually and jointly, on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of packaged water for various experimental versions did not show statistically significant changes in the normalized parameters of the basic salt and microelement composition investigated water during storage. The optimal mode of accelerated «aging» of packaged water at an elevated temperature (up to 60 °C) and UV-radiation was established. In the case of soft drinks, thermostating was used when changing the temperature regimes (heat 50 ± 2 °C / cold 6 ± 2 °C) at an exposure time of 30 days, which made it possible to observe a decrease in taste and aroma compared with the control, as well as a decrease in sweetness and the appearance of a slight plastic taste for non-carbonated drink. The influence a temperature regime change on brewing products, which cannot be estimated using the existing method due to the high turbidity, is shown.

Influence of Packaging on the Preservation of Consumer Properties of Soft Drinks During Storage

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Ирина Львовна Ковалева ◽  
Ольга Александровна Соболева ◽  
Елена Михайловна Севостьянова
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physico Chemical

В настоящей статье рассматривается зависимость устанавливаемого срока годности безалкогольных напитков от вида потребительской упаковки и ее влияние на сохранность потребительских свойств. В качестве объектов исследования были выбраны безалкогольные газированные напитки на растительном сырье двух наименований. Каждый продукт был расфасован в два вида упаковки - в стеклянную бутылку и в ПЭТ. Опытные образцы подвергли ускоренному старению. Все измерения проводили на 10, 20 и 30 сут. эксперимента, что соответствует 4, 8 и 12 мес. естественного старения. Показатели безопасности образцов в течение и после окончания эксперимента соответствовали требуемым нормам. Было отмечено плавное снижение потребительских свойств напитков, упакованных в стеклянные бутылки. При этом через 30 сут эксперимента (12 мес. естественного старения) физико-химические показатели соответствовали контрольным образцам в пределах допускаемых отклонений. Некоторое ухудшение органолептических характеристик наблюдали лишь к концу заявленного производителем срока годности 12 мес. В напитках, расфасованных в ПЭТ-упаковку, наблюдали более резкое снижение потребительских свойств. При этом производитель заявляет срок их годности также 12 мес. Но уже через 20 сут эксперимента (8 мес. естественного старения) содержание СО2 не соответствовало заявленному производителем. Одновременно было отмечено значительное ухудшение органолептических характеристик. Также было выявлено появление постороннего привкуса в этих образцах, обусловленное, в том числе, приростом содержания ацетальдегида в процессе эксперимента. Проведенные исследования показали, что устанавливая срок годности безалкогольного напитка, производители должны учитывать не только тип, группу и способ обработки напитков, но и вид упаковки, который они используют. This article examines the dependence of the established shelf life of soft drinks on the type of consumer packaging and its impact on the preservation of consumer properties. As the objects of research, two names of soft carbonated drinks based on plant raw materials were selected. Each product was packaged in two types of packaging - in a glass bottle and in PET. Samples underwent accelerated aging. All measurements were carried out on days 10, 20 and 30 of the experiment, which corresponds to 4, 8 and 12 months of natural aging. The safety indicators of the samples during the experiment and after its completion corresponded to the required standards. There was a gradual decline in the consumer properties of beverages packaged in glass bottles. At the same time, after 30 days of the experiment (12 months of natural aging), the physico-chemical indicators corresponded to the control samples within the limits of permissible deviations. Some deterioration in organoleptic characteristics was observed only by the end of the stated shelf life of 12 months. Drinks packaged in PET showed a sharper decrease in consumer properties. At the same time, the manufacturer declares their shelf life is also 12 months. But after 20 days of the experiment (8 months of natural aging), the CO2 content did not correspond to the manufacturer's declared one. At the same time, a significant deterioration in organoleptic characteristics was noted. The appearance of off-flavor in these samples was also revealed. This is explained, among other things, by the increase in the content of acetaldehyde during the experiment. Studies have shown that when setting the shelf life of a soft drink, manufacturers must take into account not only the type, group and way of processing the drinks, but also the type of packaging they use.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYDIMETHYL ETHER OF NORBORENE -2;3-DICARBOXYLIC ACID

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina S. Bozhenkova ◽  
Alexandra N. Tarakanovskaya ◽  
Oksana D. Tarnovskaya ◽  
Roman V. Ashirov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the production of polymer by metathesis ring-opening polymerization under the influence of ruthenium initiator of type of Hoveyda-Grubbs II generation. The monomer used the mixture of dimethyl ether norbornene-2;3-dicarboxylic acid. The monomer was prepared by the Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene and dimethyl maleate. The polymer was prepared in bulk of the monomer mixture. In this paper we have studied the physical and mechanical properties polydimethyl ether of norbornene-2;3-dicarboxylic acid; and assessed the impact of environmental factors on the change in properties of the polymer. As environmental factors; light; UV radiation; water; 0.1 M hydrochloric acid were applied; and accelerated aging conditions; which were held in a climate chamber. During performance we found that maintaining the polymer samples in the UV light chamber led to the slight increase in flexural modulus. In contrast; the polymer storage in water and in a hydrochloric acid solution for two months resulted in a slight decrease in the modulus of elasticity in bending index. These factors did not affect the change in the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Under the conditions of accelerated aging conducted for 1; 2 and 6 days after two cycles we observed the drop in modulus for bending of 8.5%; after 6 cycles of 13%. The glass transition temperature of polydimethyl ether of norbornene-2;3-dicarboxylic acid after 6 cycles decreased by only 3.4% in the climatic chamber. Studies have shown that the resulting polymer is resistant to water; hydrochloric acid; light and UV radiation; as well as it saves properties at a sufficient level for operation at conditions of accelerated aging. It should be noted that the tested polymer was prepared without additives; stabilizers and antioxidants. The proposed polymer can be used as a structural material for machine parts; including bulky.For citation:Bozhenkova G.S.; Tarakanovskaya A.N.; Tarnovskaya O.D.; Ashirov R.V. Influence of environmental factors on physical-mechanical properties of polydimethyl ether of norborene -2;3-dicarboxylic acid. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 5. P. 68-73

scholarly journals Differential photosynthetic responses of marine planktonic and benthic diatoms to ultraviolet radiation under various temperature regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 5029-5037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wu ◽  
Furong Yue ◽  
Juntian Xu ◽  
John Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Periodic Exposure ◽  
Damage Processes ◽  
Planktonic Species

Abstract. We studied the photophysiological responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of two diatoms, isolated from different environmental niches. Both species showed the highest sensitivity to UV radiation under relatively low temperature, while they were less inhibited under moderately increased temperature. Under the highest temperature applied in this study, the benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. showed minimal sensitivity to UV radiation, while inhibition of the planktonic species, Skeletonema sp., increased further compared with that at the growth temperature. These photochemical responses were linked to values for the repair and damage processes within the cell; higher damage rates and lower repair rates were observed for Skeletonema sp. under suboptimal temperature, while for Nitzschia sp., repair rates increased and damage rates were stable within the applied temperature range. Our results suggested that the response of the microalgae to UV radiation correlated with their niche environments, the periodic exposure to extreme temperatures promoting the resistance of the benthic species to the combination of high temperature and UV radiation.

Die Beeinflussung des Flügelmusters vom Tagpfauenauge, Inachis io L. (Nymphalidae-Lepidoptera), durch physikalische Faktoren und seine radioaktive Markierbarkeit / The Influence of the Wing-pattern of the Peacock Butterfly, Inachis io L. (Nymphalidae-Lepidoptera), by Physical Factors and its Ability to be Radioactively Marked

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258-1263
Author(s):  
Rainer Hamm ◽  
Manfred Lüdicke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Inachis Io ◽  
Lymphatic Fluid

The different radioautographic patterns were observed on the upper surface of fore wings of Inachis io L. when 35S-sodium sulfate, 3H-tryptophane and 14C-hydrolysed protein were orally applied or injected to the larvae or pupae of the butterfly.35S-sodium sulfate and 3H-tryptophane were found in ommochrome containing scale areas, whereas 14C-hydrolysed protein could be detected only in melanine containing scale areas by radioautographic methods. These results prove that the 35S-sodium sulfate can be utilized in the synthesis of ommatin D as ester of sulfuric acid.By means of particular UV-radiation the colour and form of wings were changed. This change is either due to the interruption of the flow of determination responsible for the formation of pattern or the blockage of lymphatic fluid. The radioautographic pattern of the treated wing shows also the change of form, colour and position of the scale areas.

scholarly journals Pasteurized sausages with high heme iron content

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
T. Khorunzha ◽  
V. Pasichnyi ◽  
A. Marynin ◽  
R. Svyatnenko ◽  
O. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Serum Collagen

Current issue of today is the process of increasing the range of sausages and extending their storage time, especially for a boiled group of sausages. Therefore, the subject of research is pasteurized sausage, with an increased content of heme iron. The aim of the work was to create a complete product with high organoleptic characteristics, balanced according to biological and nutritional value and to select optimal thermal regimes to increase the shelf life of the product and to preserve the nutritional properties of the product, since cooked sausages have a limited shelf life, and due to properly selected heat regimes, we reach our goals. The receipts of sausages, based on meat of chicken-broiler using dry milk serum, collagen-containing preparation Scan-Pro, based on skin of pigs and micronized food cellulose with a definite level of hydration, a fat-based emulsion on the basis of chicken skins and a collagen-containing preparation Scan Pro and food blood. To increase the content of heme iron towards boiled sausages, food blood of pigs was added, in addition to increasing the nutritional and biological value of blood has a colorforming effect, with its introduction in an optimal amount, to achieve a characteristic color of sausage products. Sauce with the use of jelly-forming thickeners based on food hydrocolloids was added as a sauce. The value of the buffer capacity of the jelly after pasteurization was investigated. The basis for the production of pasteurized sausages was the technology of boiled sausages followed by heat treatment by pasteurization in order to provide an extended shelf life. Sausages were pasteurized at different temperature regimes. To determine the biological value of developed sausages, it was used the application program BIO1.bas. The chemical composition of sausages was modeled based on their functional and technological parameters. Physico-chemical, microbiological, organoleptic research of the product was carried out. The amino acid composition of the product was simulated, which allowed to mention upon the biological and nutritional value of the studied formulations.

scholarly journals Use of different non-chemical methods for the management of adult Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored chickpea

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
SHA Mahdi ◽  
M Hasan ◽  
I Mahfuz ◽  
M Khalequzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Parthenium Weed

The efficiency of physical factors (dry heat, low temperature and UV-radiation), leaf powders of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Bichuti (Flacourtia indica Merr.) and Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) and two insecticides (Salvo and Amithrin plus) was evaluated against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). For dry heat treatment, the calculated LD50 values for C. maculatus were 56.92, 54.26, 52.27, 50.76, 49.09, 50.55 and 29.59°C after 50, 60, 70, and 80 minutes, 24, 36, 48 h of treatment respectively, and the LD50 values were 58.61 and 5.18°C at 1 and 2 h for low temperature treatment respectively. LT50 values of the treatment of UV-radiation were 48.63, 29.89, 17.54, 11.11, 5.93 and 1.35 °C for the exposure period of 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 48 h respectively. The calculated LD50 values of leaf powder were 3.38, 3.15, 2.88, 2.45 and 2.40 mg cm-2 for A. indica, 3.91, 3.80, 3.55, 3.30, and 3.08 for F. indica, 12.11, 4.35, 1.86, 1.49, and 1.36 for P. hysterophorus after 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h of treatment respectively. The calculated LD50 values were 0.64, 0.33, 0.23, 0.04 and 0.008 mg cm-2 for Salvo and 0.35, 0.23, 0.09, 0.08 and 0.01 mg cm-2 for Amithrin plus at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h respectively. The order of effectiveness of physical factors was dry heat >low temperature >UV-radiation. On the other hand, the order of toxicity of plant powders was F. indica >A. indica >P. hysterophorus. In case of insecticides it was Amithrin plus >Salvo. The findings suggest that physical factors and plant leaf powders can be used in integration with other bio rational approaches.J. bio-sci. 23: 57-65, 2015

scholarly journals Differential photosynthetic response of marine planktonic and benthic diatoms to ultraviolet radiation under various temperature regimes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wu ◽  
Furong Yue ◽  
Juntian Xu ◽  
John Beardall
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Benthic Species ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Periodic Exposure ◽  
Damage Processes

Abstract. We studied the photophysiological response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of two diatoms, isolated from different environmental niches. Both species showed the highest sensitivity to UV radiation under relatively low temperature, while they were less inhibited under moderately increased temperature. Under the highest temperature applied in this study, the benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. showed minimal sensitivity to UV radiation, while inhibition of the planktonic species, Skeletonema sp., increased further compared with that at the growth temperature. These photochemical responses were linked to values for the repair and damage processes within the cell; higher damage rates and lower repair rates were observed for Skeletonema sp. under suboptimal temperature, while for Nitzschia sp., repair rates increased and damage rates were stable within the applied temperature range. Our results suggested that the response of phytoplankton to UV radiation correlated with their niche environments, the periodic exposure to extreme temperature promote the resistance of benthic species to the combination of high temperature and UV radiation. Furthermore, the temperature-mediated UV sensitivities might also have implications for phytoplankton in the future warming oceans.

scholarly journals Tensile strength analysis of aramid fabric of firefighter’s clothing after accelerated aging and abrasion

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 00052
Author(s):  
Renata Kamocka-Bronisz
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Xenon Lamp ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Textile Fabrics

A firefighter’s clothing as a personal protection used during rescue actions needs to fulfil several requirements in order to provide the optimum safety level. Author made an attempt to evaluate durability of the selected aramid material used as an outer layer of firefighter’s clothing. Verification of material’s durability was performed based on the tensile strength studies of the raw sample of material, and material subjected to accelerated aging in the chamber with xenon lamp and by Martindale’s abrasion cycles. The tensile tests were carried out in accordance with PN-EN ISO 13934-1:2013-07 standard, which specifies procedure to determine the maximum force of textile fabrics using a strip method.The test results show a decrease in the tensile strength of a fabric exposed to UV radiation and after abrasion cycles. In case of material exposure to UV radiation for 100 and 200 hours, reduction of strength by 34 and 48% was observed, respectively. Analysing the results obtained during the tensile testing of the material, which was subjected to abrasion in cycles of 20,000 and 40,000, the strength level decreased by 52 and 80%, respectively.

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tamiru ◽  
E. Getu ◽  
B. Jembere ◽  
T. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Potential Fecundity ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most important insect pests attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Recent studies have indicated that the pest is spreading to new locations where it was not reported before. In the current study, laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the combined effect of different levels of relative humidity and temperature regimes on the development and fecundity of C. partellus, as these physical factors are known to play an important role in the life cycle of insects and adaptability to local climate. Developmental time, longevity, potential fecundity and realized fecundity of C. partellus were measured under controlled conditions. Three temperature regimes (22°C, 26°C and 30°C) and three relative humidity levels (40%, 60% and 80%) were tested. It was found that temperature, relative humidity (RH) and their interaction significantly affected the developmental time, adult longevity, potential fecundity and realized fecundity of the pest. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. Mean duration of C. partellus life cycle was 70.2 days at 22°C and 80% RH, whereas it took only 26.5 days to complete its life cycle at 30°C and 40% RH. Male and female longevity were similar in most cases. The adult life span ranged between 6.9–11.1 days at 22°C and 3.1–7.2 days at 30°C for different levels of relative humidity. The most suitable conditions for C. partellus development and fecundity were 26–30°C temperatures regimes and 60–80% RH levels.

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