Effects of Surface Area, Exchange Capacity, and Organic Matter Content on Miscible Displacement of Atrazine in Soils
            1

Ultisols are a major group of marginal soils extensively found in the upland area of Indonesia. To better understand the potential of the Ultisols developed from claystone and sandstone in the Sasamba Integrated Economical Development Area in East Kalimantan, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of 27 Ultisols pedons consisting of 76 topsoil and 118 subsoil samples were investigated. Besides analysis and interpretation of data, relationships of several soil characteristics were constructed using simple regression. The results indicated that Ultisols showed acid to very acid reaction, had low content of organic matter and low base saturation. Soils generally exhibited net negative charge, and the point of zero charge was reached at pH 3.6. Both potential and available phosphates were low, and there was a trend that amorphous aluminum was responsible for phosphate fixation. The low content of exchangeable potassium in topsoil and subsoil indicated a positive correlation with potential potassium. Clay mineral was composed chiefly of kaolinite, with small amounts of illite, vermiculite, and quartz. The domination of kaolinite and low organic matter content causes the soils to have low cation exchange capacity. Soil management in this area should be focused on building up and maintaining soil fertility, and applying appropriate soil conservation techniques to minimize erosion. To obtain sustained productivity, various soil amendments including the use of farm and/or green manure, liming with agricultural lime, and application of rock phosphate and K fertilizers were highly recommended.

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Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2201-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 225-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

N. Finžgar ◽

P. Tlustoš ◽

D. Leštan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by Taraxacum officinale, Ruby’s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (P < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (P < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (R2 = 69%). No highly significant correlations (P < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

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Other Properties (BET Surface Area, Conductivity, Organic Matter, and pH)

Atlas of Fallen Dust in Kuwait ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-66977-5_8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 197-204

Author(s):

Modi Ahmed ◽

Khaliq Beg

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Area ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Electrical Current ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

List Type

Abstract Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) test were applied to dust samples in which samples (BET) surface area is highly related to the roundness of dust particles. The higher angularity and low roundness of the dust particles show a higher (BET) surface area. The roundness is also related to the particlesize distribution and mineralogical composition. The electrical conductivity test relates very well with the chemical and physical properties of dust samples in the transmission of an electrical current. The organic matter content was measured using the ignition method and the pH of the samples was recorded. Maps of the distribution of high and low BET concentrations, electrical conductivity EC, organic matter content, pH.

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Physico-chemical characteristics of the seasonally flooded soils of Bangladesh and their management implications

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8978 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 173-182

Author(s):

KF Akhter ◽

ZH Khan ◽

MS Hussain ◽

AR Mazumder

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Flooded Soils ◽

Management Implications ◽

Available N ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Seasonally Flooded

The seasonally flooded soils of Bangladesh are unique in respect of several specific characteristics and contribute toward producing bulk of its staple food - mainly rice. Having fine texture these soils are similar to the “paddy soils” of Southeast Asian floodplains and have high production potential under proper management. Six representative soil series, viz. Arial, Debidwar, Naraibag, Jalkundi, Siddirganj and Tippera from the central region of Bangladesh have been studied to evaluate some of their intrinsic physico-chemical properties and their sustainable management requirements. These soils are slightly acidic to neutral and are negatively charged with ΔpH values ranging between –0.2 and –1.2. The organic matter content in the surface soil is relatively low that decreases steadily with depth. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils varies on the basis of their clay and organic matter contents while base saturation per cent (BSP) is high. The contents of available N, P, K and S and DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soils are moderate and are commensurate with the contents of colloidal fractions. These soils receive several mineral nutrients annually with the sediments deposited during the monsoon floods. The characteristics like organic matter content, particle size distribution, CEC, pH and BSP that have important management implications have been discussed. Key words: Seasonally flooded soils; Physical and chemical attributes; Management implications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8978 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 173-182

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Effect of Tillage and Cover Crop on Fluometuron Adsorption and Degradation under Controlled Conditions

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500077067 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 629-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Blake A. Brown ◽

Robert M. Hayes ◽

Donald D. Tyler ◽

Thomas C. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

No Till

Fluometuron adsorption and degradation were determined in soil collected at three depths from no-till + no cover, conventional-till + no cover, no-till + vetch cover, and conventional-till + vetch cover in continuous cotton. These combinations of tillage + cover crop + soil depth imparted a range of organic matter and pH to the soil. Soil organic matter and pH ranged from 0.9 to 2.5% and from 4.7 to 6.5, respectively. Fluometuron adsorption was affected by soil depth, tillage, and cover crop. In surface soils (0 to 4 cm), fluometuron adsorption was greater in no-till + vetch plots than in conventional-tilled + no cover plots. Soil adsorption of fluometuron was positively correlated with organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. Fluometuron degradation was not affected by adsorption, and degradation empirically fit a first-order model. Soil organic matter content had no apparent effect on fluometuron degradation rate. Fluometuron degradation was more rapid at soil pH > 6 than at pH ≤ 5, indicating a potential shift in microbial activity or population due to lower soil pH. Fluometuron half-life ranged from 49 to 90 d. These data indicate that tillage and cover crop may affect soil dissipation of fluometuron by altering soil physical and chemical properties that affect fluometuron degrading microorganisms or bioavailability.

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Mulching effect of plant residues of chemically contrasting compositions on soil organic matter content and cation exchange capacity

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1080/00103629709369900 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 28 (17-18) ◽

pp. 1603-1611 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. Tian ◽

L. Brussaard

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Cation Exchange Capacity ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content

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Quality and fertility of soils dedicated to the crop of Vitis vinifera L., var. Albariño in the district of the Salnés (Galicia)

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.2000.34.3.1005 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Purificación Marcet ◽

Luisa Andrade ◽

F. Maillo ◽

Luisa Reyzábal ◽

M. J. Montero

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Surface Area ◽

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

Subsurface Layer ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Effective Capacity ◽

Levene Test

This work tries to know the quality and fertility of soils dedicated to the crop of Vitis vinifera L., var. Albariño, taking into account the time of implantation of the crop and farm works employed.Four farms have been selected in Meis (Pontevedra, Spain) where vineyard in grown with different antiquity in the implantation of this monocrop. One is three years old, two are six years old (one on a slope and other on a terrace) and the last one is seventy-five years old in the vineyard implantation.On other hand as reference controls three soils with natural vegetation of the area were chosen.In the selected soils quality and fertility soil indicators were determined. To do that it was evaluated the effect of the monocrop on different physical and chemical properties of the soils in two depths, surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40cm). The knowledge of the present state of the soils and their evolutive trends will allow us to correct possible desequilibra, to increase fertility and productivity maintaining soil and vineyard quality.All data were submitted to a statistic analysis, carrying out Levene test, ANOVAS and DMS. Partial correlation of the different parameters studied was made too, so as to observe possible relations among them.The texture of all soils is mainly sandy, and in most of them the water movement is ruled by forces with a gravitatory origin that determine the water flow in depth without flooding danger. Rockiness decreases with the age of the crop in two studied depths.Generally talking every soil is characterised by having a neuter pH with acid tendency, pointing up the high pH of the subsurface layer of the oldest vineyard significantly different from the rest.The contents of organic matter decreases with the crop implantation time in the surface area, on the contrary the values of organic matter in the subsoil of different vineyards do not show significant differences statistically talking. The C/N relation is adequate in every soil and there aren’t differences among the soils of vineyards with different age. Neither exist differences among the available P contents in the surface layer of the soils of different age, while in the subsurface increases this content with the age of vineyard.The contents of exchangeable Ca and the effective capacity of cationic exchange are higher in the oldest vineyards soils, though they are relatively low in all of them.In the surface area the level of exchangeable bases is adequate and equilibrated with a pH close to neutrality and low contents of exchangeable Al.In the surface layer the content of available Cu increases with the organic matter content and the age of vineyard. In every soils studied there is deficit of Zn in both layers.Organochlorine pesticides levels are relatively high in all vineyards while organophosphorus compound levels are practically null.Chemical fertility of the soil increases generally with the age of the crop though its maintenance requires modifying the cultural practices in order to avoid the diminishing organic matter content and the increasing Cu and organochlorine pesticides concentrations.

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Organic-Matter Activity of Some Typical Soils of Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v39i2.12684 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 65-76

Author(s):

Fernando Abruña-Rodríguez ◽

José Vicente-Chandler

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Close Association ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Considerable Portion

The exchange capacity of the organic matter in typical soils of Puerto Rico was evaluated from: (1) The variation in the exchange capacity of soil samples following destruction of the organic matter, (2) titration curves of extracted organic matter, (3) and the correlations between exchange capacity and organic-matter content of soil samples. The first method was the most practical and gave fairly accurate results. The second method gave results which were in all cases too high. The third method, though probably the most accurate, is impractical. Results obtained with the first and third methods were similar. The exchange capacity of the organic matter varied rather widely, but was generally between 100 and 150 m.e. per 100 gm. On the average it accounted for about 25 percent of the total exchange capacity of the soils studied. The organic matter removed by flotation had the highest exchange capacity and the more readily oxidizable portions generally appeared to be the most active. This suggests the importance of conserving the more readily lost portions of the soil organic matter. A considerable portion of the soil organic matter was extremely resistant to oxidation, had a narrow C:N ratio, and apparently little exchange capacity. This suggests a close association between the organic matter and the inorganic soil colloids. The marked resistance to oxidation of a considerable portion of the organic matter may partly explain the high contents found even in continuously cultivated soils in Puerto Rico.

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Adsorption and Degradation Behavior of Six Herbicides in Different Agricultural Soils.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-529634/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Umrbek Sharipov ◽

Martin Kočárek ◽

Miroslav Jursík ◽

Antonín Nikodem ◽

Luboš Borůvka

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Sorption Coefficient ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

Agricultural Regions

Abstract This study focuses on the assessment of herbicide adsorption and degradation in three soils (Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Fluvisol, and Arenic Regozem) from different agricultural regions of the Czech Republic where sunflower is cultivated. Soil samples were used in laboratory batch sorption and degradation experiments for six herbicides commonly used on sunflower crops. The findings are used to examine the effect of soil and herbicide properties on adsorption and degradation, as well as to determine the possible relation between the two processes. The (Kf) sorption coefficient ranged from 1.07 to 135.37 cm3/n μg1-1/n g-1, and sorption increased in order: dimethenamid-p < pethoxamid < s-metolachlor < flurochloridone < aclonifen < pendimethalin. Sorption of all six herbicides was positively correlated with organic matter content (p < 0. 001), and cation exchange capacity (p < 0.001). pH was negatively correlated with the sorption of all six compounds (p < 0.001). Degradation rates of herbicides ranged from 0. 012 to 0. 048 day-1, which corresponding to (DT50) half-lives between 14 - 57 days respectively. The longer half-lives were always found in Haplic Fluvisol with higher organic matter content. Results showed that both adsorption and degradation of herbicides is mainly controlled by soil organic matter. A negative relationship was found between the sorption coefficient and the rate of degradation. It can be concluded that the Freundlich sorption coefficient (Kf) can be a good predictor for soil degradation of the studied herbicides.

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ESTERCO OVINO AUMENTA A CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO DO CARIRI PARAIBANO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2021v1n4p696-703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 696-703

Author(s):

Lucyelly Dâmela Araújo Borborema ◽

Patrícia da Silva Costa ◽

Priscylla Marques de Oliveira Viana ◽

Yanka Beatriz Gonçalves Batista ◽

Matheus Cavalcante da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Water Status ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Probability Of Error ◽

Sheep Manure

ESTERCO OVINO AUMENTA A CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO DO CARIRI PARAIBANO LUCYELLY DÂMELA ARAÚJO BORBOREMA1; PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA2; PRISCYLLA MARQUES DE OLIVEIRA VIANA3; YANKA BEATRIZ GONÇALVES BATISTA4; MATHEUS CAVALCANTE DA SILVA5 E RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ6 1. Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, n° 882, Bairro Universitário, CEP 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. [email protected]. 3 Departamento de Agroecologia e Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sítio Imbaúba, S/N, Zona Rural, CEP 58117-000, Lagoa Seca, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 5 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 6 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO A matéria orgânica do solo contribui para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas, pois, influencia os atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, estabilizando a produtividade dos agroecossistemas. O teor de matéria orgânica no solo beneficia o aumento da capacidade de troca de cátions, assegurando os nutrientes no solo e reduzindo suas perdas por lixiviação. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar doses de esterco ovino para retenção e manutenção de água no solo na Microrregião do Cariri paraibano. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis doses de esterco ovino (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%, m/m) e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações de pesagem durante seis dias, a cada 24 h, para a determinação da porcentagem de água disponível em relação à massa seca do solo (m/m). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro e as médias das doses de esterco foram submetidas a regressão polinomial. O esterco ovino aumenta a capacidade de retenção e manutenção da água no solo do Cariri paraibano, sendo uma alternativa para a atenuação dos problemas ocasionados pela perda de água por lixiviação e, por conseguinte, melhorando a capacidade produtiva do solo e vida dos produtores. Keywords: matéria orgânica, nutrientes no solo, status hídrico. BORBOREMA, L. D. A.; COSTA, P. S.; VIANA, P. M. O.; BATISTA, Y. B. G.; SILVA, M. C.; FERRAZ, R. L. S. SHEEP MANURE INCREASES THE WATER HOLDING AND MAINTENANCE CAPACITY OF SOIL IN THE CARIRI PARAIBANO REGION 2 ABSTRACT Soil organic matter contributes to the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it influences the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil, stabilizing the productivity of agroecosystems. The organic matter content in the soil benefits the increase of the cation exchange capacity, ensuring the nutrients in the soil and reducing its losses due to leaching. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate different doses of sheep manure for retention and maintenance of water in the soil in the Microregion of Cariri, in Paraíba state. The design used was completely randomized with six doses of sheep manure (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, w/w) and four replications. Weighing evaluations were carried out for six days, every 24 h, to determine the percentage of available water in relation to the soil dry mass (w/w). Data were subjected to analysis of variance at a 5% probability of error and means of sheep manure doses were submitted to polynomial regression. Sheep manure increases the capacity of retaining and maintaining water in the soil of Cariri, in Paraíba state, being an alternative to alleviate the problems caused by the loss of water through leaching and, therefore, improving the productive capacity of the soil and the life of producers. Keywords: organic matter, soil nutrients, water status.

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