Effect of N Fertilization on Dry Matter Yield, Total‐N, N Recovery, and Nitrate‐N Concentration of Three Cool‐Season Forage Grass Species 1

1973 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. George ◽  
C. L. Rhykerd ◽  
C. H. Noller ◽  
J. E. Dillon ◽  
J. C. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen of vegetables. 1. Brussels sprouts

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433
Author(s):  
H. Biemond ◽  
J. Vos ◽  
P.C. Struik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Final Harvest

Three greenhouse trials and one field trial were carried out on Brussels sprout cv. Icarus SG2004 in which the treatments consisted of different N amounts and application dates. DM and N accumulation in stems, apical buds and groups of leaf blades, petioles and sprouts were measured frequently throughout crop growth. Total amounts of accumulated DM and N were affected by amount of N applied and date of application, but the final harvest indexes for DM and N (0.10-0.35 and 0.20-0.55, respectively) were not significantly affected by treatments in most experiments. Nitrate N concentrations were only high (up to about 2%) shortly after planting. The total N concentration of leaf blades and petioles increased with increasing leaf number. This increase resulted from a decreasing N concentration during the leaf's life. The total N concentration in sprouts changed little with leaf number.

scholarly journals Effects of high nitrogen application on the dry matter yield, nitrogen content and nitrate-N concentration of sugarcane

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Ishikawa ◽  
Shotaro Ando ◽  
Takeo Sakaigaichi ◽  
Yoshifumi Terajima ◽  
Makoto Matsuoka
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration

Determination of critical nitrogen concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Montello) grown in sand culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
E White
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Petiole Sap

A gamma x cubic response surface model was used to predict the dry matter yield of lettuce cv. Montello over the 8-week growth period in sand culture with nitrogen (N) levels of 2, 5, 11, 18 and 36 mmol/L. At 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 weeks after transplanting, dry matter yield relative to maximum was plotted against tissue N concentration to derive diagnostic concentrations of petiole sap nitrate-N and leaf total N in youngest fully opened leaf (YFOL), youngest fully expanded leaf (YFEL) and oldest green leaf (OL), and total N in bulked leaf samples. Critical concentrations corresponding to 90% maximum yield are presented. Growth was consistently depressed at 2 mmol N/L due to N deficiency, and at 36 mmol N/L due to salt toxicity. Petiole sap nitrate concentrations were more responsive than leaf total N concentrations to N application levels. Leaf N concentrations at N application levels of 18 and 36 mmol/L were often similar. Critical leaf total N concentrations in YFOL and YFEL decreased from 2 weeks after transplanting to maturity, whereas the opposite trend occurred for petiole sap nitrate concentrations. Critical total N concentration ranges in YFEL were 0.30-0.95 g/L for petiole sap nitrate-N, and 4.00-5.30% for leaf total N concentration. Critical leaf total N and petiole sap nitrate concentrations clearly differentiated between inadequate and adequate N application rates. Critical values in most cases, differentiated toxic concentrations. Nitrogen application levels of 2 and 36 mmol N/L reduced (P<0.05) potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations in all leaves. This confirms the importance of optimising N supply when determining critical levels of these nutrients for lettuce. Petiole sap nitrate-N concentrations, which can be determined rapidly in the field, can be used to distinguish between a deficient and an adequate N supply. The marked increase in critical concentration over the growth period requires consecutive determinations to verify the N status of lettuce.

Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A. Rouf Mian ◽  
Malay C Saha ◽  
Andrew A Hopkins ◽  
Zeng-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Wide Range

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca–Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species.Key words: phylogeny, EST-SSR, forage grasses, tall fescue.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Split nitrogen application in potato: effects on accumulation of nitrogen and dry matter in the crop and on the soil nitrogen budget

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VOS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Utilization

In four field experiments, the effects of single nitrogen (N) applications at planting on yield and nitrogen uptake of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was compared with two or three split applications. The total amount of N applied was an experimental factor in three of the experiments. In two experiments, sequential observations were made during the growing season. Generally, splitting applications (up to 58 days after emergence) did not affect dry matter (DM) yield at maturity and tended to result in slightly lower DM concentration of tubers, whereas it slightly improved the utilization of nitrogen. Maximum haulm dry weight and N content were lower when less nitrogen was applied during the first 50 days after emergence (DAE). The crops absorbed little extra nitrogen after 60 DAE (except when three applications were given). Soil mineral N (0–60 cm) during the first month reflected the pattern of N application with values up to 27 g/m2 N. After 60 DAE, soil mineral N was always around 2–5 g/m2. The efficiency of N utilization, i.e. the ratio of the N content of the crop to total N available (initial soil mineral N+deposition+net mineralization) was 0·45 for unfertilized controls. The utilization of fertilizer N (i.e. the apparent N recovery) was generally somewhat improved by split applications, but declined with the total amount of N applied (range 0·48–0·72). N utilization and its complement, possible N loss, were similar for both experiments with sequential observations. Separate analysis of the movement of Br− indicated that some nitrate can be washed below 60 cm soil depth due to dispersion during rainfall. The current study showed that the time when N application can be adjusted to meet estimated requirements extends to (at least) 60 days after emergence. That period of time can be exploited to match the N application to the actual crop requirement as it changes during that period.

scholarly journals Effects of a New Herbicide (Aminocyclopyrachlor) on Buffalograss and Forbs in Shortgrass Prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Harmoney ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Robert Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Shortgrass Prairie ◽  
And Control

Herbicides used to control many forb species in pastures may injure desirable native grass species. Buffalograss, a major component of shortgrass rangeland, often is injured by some growth regulator herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba. Aminocyclopyrachlor (formerly known as DPX-MAT28 and herein termed ACPCR), a new synthetic auxin herbicide chemistry for control of broadleaf weeds, was investigated for injury to buffalograss and control of forbs in shortgrass prairie at varying rates of application. In the season of application, ACPCR at rates of 140 g ai ha−1or less caused buffalograss injury that was either negligible or short-lived, and visual estimates of grass injury were 8% or less at the end of the growing season. At ACPCR rates of 280 g ha−1, more injury was evident at 3 wk after treatment (WAT) than at the end of the season if adequate precipitation was available for new leaf growth. When precipitation was lacking, evidence of injury persisted through to the end of the season when treated at the greatest rate of ACPCR. Buffalograss injury was mainly in the form of browned leaf tips, but total buffalograss dry matter yield was not different between any treatments in either year. The year after treatment, no buffalograss injury was evident from any of the herbicide rates. Final forb control was 97% or greater each year for ACPCR at the 140 and 280 g ha−1rates. In this experiment, rates as low as ACPCR at 140 g ha−1provided excellent forb control and maintained buffalograss productivity.

RESPONSE OF ORCHARD GRASS TO MULTIPLE HARVESTS AND RATES OF NITROGEN IN POST-SEEDING YEARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was fertilized with 99–495 kg N/ha/yr in three equal applications and harvested three or four times per season over a 3-yr period to determine the productivity, quality of forage and persistence of stands. The application of N resulted in significant (P =.001) linear and quadratic increases in dry matter (DM) yields. Higher DM yields were obtained with the 3-harvest system while the yield distribution within the season was more uniform for the 4-harvest system. Total N concentrations of orchard grass increased linearly with the N rates. Total N yields were dependent on the rates of applied N with the recovery of applied N ranging from 39 to 70% at 99–297 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The in vitro disappearance of DM was slightly reduced by the high N rates in the 1st and 2nd harvests. The nitrate-N concentrations were highest in the early and late summer ranging from.11 to.29% at 297–495 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The persistence of orchard grass was better under the 4- than the 3- harvest system.

Effluent and nitrogen fertiliser effects on dry matter yield, nutritive characteristics, and mineral and nitrate content of turnips

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
G. N. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dairy Effluent ◽  
Total N ◽  
Liquid Effluent ◽  
Yield Responses

The 2-pond system to treat and contain dairy effluent is commonplace on dry-land dairy farms in southern Australia. The first pond is a deep anaerobic treatment pond and the second a shallow aerobic pond where the liquid effluent is stored. This liquid effluent contains a range of nutrients that have the potential to influence forage dry matter (DM) yields, herbage nutritive characteristics, and mineral content of forages. The effect of applying second-pond dairy effluent to a summer turnip (Brassica rapa L.) crop over two consecutive summer periods was measured. In addition to the application of effluent, N fertiliser was also applied. Effluent was applied at three rates, 0, 30, and 60 mm ~7–8 weeks after turnips were sown each year, with fertiliser N applied at either 0, 25, 50, or 75 kg N/ha in combination with effluent rates immediately before effluent application. Turnips were assessed for DM accumulation, nutritive characteristics, and mineral and nitrate-N content. Effluent contained high concentrations of both potassium (K) (440–500 kg/ML) and sodium (Na) (637–766 kg/ML), with moderate levels of calcium (Ca) (177–180 kg/ML) and magnesium (158–213 kg/ML). Total N was higher in Year 2 (208 kg/ML) than in Year 1 (160 kg/ML), with the proportion of total N present as ammonia-N also higher in Year 2 (81%) than in Year 1 (57%). Dry matter yield responses for leaf and root were 20 and 11 kg DM/ha per effluent mm applied in Year 1 and 19 and 13 kg DM/ha.mm applied in Year 2, respectively. Total DM yield increases were 32 and 39 kg DM/ha.mm applied for Years 1 and 2, respectively. There was no effect of N application or interaction between effluent and N application in either year. For Year 1, nutritive characteristics were relatively unaffected by either effluent or N fertiliser application, while in Year 2, leaf crude protein content increased (P < 0.05) in a linear manner at 0.058% per mm effluent applied. The K and Na content of turnip leaves increased (P < 0.05) with effluent application in both Years 1 and 2, while the Ca decreased (P < 0.05) with effluent application in Year 2. Results from this study further emphasise the potential value of second-pond dairy effluent to increasing forage DM yield and improving the nutritive value of turnips. The data, however, question the value of using N fertiliser on its own or in combination with effluent to improve the same attributes. Dry matter yield responses to effluent were similar across both years despite contrasting climatic conditions, highlighting the ability of turnips to respond to limited moisture inputs.

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