scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽  
TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽  
EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽  
JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals Tillering does not interfere on white oat grain yield response to plant density

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.

scholarly journals Plant density and nitrogen topdressing of high-altitude main-season corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2651-2668
Author(s):  
Denis Piazzoli ◽  
◽  
Moryb Jorge Lima da Costa Sapucay ◽  
André Mateus Prando ◽  
João Alberto de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Plant Densities

An appropriate combination of plant density with nitrogen (N) fertilization can optimize corn growth and increase grain yields. This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen topdressing rates and plant density levels on the agronomic performance of corn. The early hybrid DKB 240 YG, with high yield potential and stability, was evaluated in two summer crops in Mauá da Serra, Paraná (950 m asl), in a Cfb climate, on a Rhodic Eutrudox. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete blocks and subdivided plots with four replications. The plant densities (60,000; 75,000; 90,000 and 105,000 plants ha-1) were assessed in the plots and the nitrogen (ammonium nitrate 32% N) topdressing rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) in the subplots. The stem diameter, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield were evaluated. The stem diameter, plant height, ear insertion height and grain yield were influenced by the interaction between plant density and nitrogen topdressing under the tested high-altitude edaphoclimatic conditions. The stem diameter of corn plants decreased due to the increase in plant density whereas nitrogen topdressing attenuated this reduction. Maximum plant height was observed at a density of 75,000 plants ha-1 associated with a topdressing of 169 kg ha-1 of N, and highest ear insertion at 60,000 plants ha-1 and 168 kg ha-1 of N. Corn yield was highest at a density of 105,000 plants ha-1 associated with a topdressing of 185 kg N ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with nitrogen fertilization at topdressing in popcorn agronomic performance

Bragantia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Teodoski Spolaor ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
Odair José Andrade Pais dos Santos ◽  
André Luiz Martinez de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
N Rates

ABSTRACT The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria is a promising alternative with low environmental impact to increase the efficiency of use of chemical fertilizers, ensuring high yield with better cost-effective ratio. In maize crops, several studies have demonstrated an increased yield when Azospirillum-based inoculants are used. In the case of popcorn, there are no available studies related to use of inoculation and its response on yield parameters. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the field performance of popcorn when inoculated with the commercial product Masterfix L (A. brasilense Ab-V5 and A. brasilense Ab-V6) and the non-commercial inoculant UEL (A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Rhizobium sp. 53GRM1) associated with nitrogen fertilization. The trials were conducted in Londrina and Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four replications, in a split plot design with the inoculation treatments located in the plots (uninoculated, Masterfix L, and UEL) and the different N rates located in the subplots where ammonium sulphate was applied in the topdressing at the V6 stage (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg∙ha–1). The variance analysis showed significant effects (p < 0.05) of inoculation (Londrina environment) and N rates (both environments) only for grain yield. There was no inoculation effect in the grain yield when inoculants were applied together with N-fertilization at topdressing. In the absence of N-fertilization at topdressing, the inoculants Masterfix L. and UEL promoted higher grain yield as compared to the uninoculated plants, with resulting increases of 13.21 and 26.61% in yield, respectively.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization (15NH4NO3) of palisadegrass and residual effect on subsequent no-tillage corn

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1457-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Borghi ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Corn Grain

Nitrogen is required in large amounts by plants and their dinamics in corn and perennial forages intercropped is little known. This study analyzed the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization (15NH4NO3) applied after corn grain harvest to palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) in intercrops sown at two times, as well as the N residual effect on the subsequent corn crop. The field experiment was performed in Botucatu, São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil, on a structured Alfisol under no-tillage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in a split plot scheme with four replications. The main plots consisted of two intercropping systems (corn and palisadegrass sown together and palisadegrass sown later, at corn top-dressing fertilization). The subplots consisted of four N rates (0, 30, 60, and 120 kg ha-1 N). The subplots contained microplots, in which enriched ammonium nitrate (15NH4NO3) was applied at the same rates. The time of intercrop sowing affected forage dry matter production, the amount of fertilizer-derived N in and the N use efficiency by the forage plants. Nitrogen applied in autumn to palisadegrass intercropped with corn, planted either at corn sowing or at N top-dressing fertilization, increased the forage yield up to a rate of 60 kg ha-1. The amount of fertilizer-derived N by the forage plants and the fertilizer use efficiency by palisadegrass were highest 160 days after fertilization for both intercrop sowing times, regardless of N rates. Residual N did not affect the N nutrition of corn plants grown in succession to palisadegrass, but increased grain yield at rates of 60 and 120 kg ha-1 N, when corn was grown on palisadegrass straw from the intercrop installed at corn fertilization (top-dressing). Our results indicated that the earlier intercropping allowed higher forage dry matter production. On the other hand, the later intercrop allowed a higher corn grain yield in succession to N-fertilized palisadegrass.

scholarly journals NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF RICE, COMMON BEAN AND CORN WITH ENHANCED-EFFICIENCY FERTILIZER

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Roberto Dos Anjos Reis Jr ◽  
Tarcício Cobucci ◽  
Darci Sonego
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen (N), a mineral element required in greater quantity by plants, has a low efficiency use in agriculture, resulting in economic and environmental problems. N enhanced efficiency fertilizers use is one of the strategies to increase N fertilization efficiency. Polymer urea coating has been used to produce enhanced efficiency fertilizers. However, there are a lot of polymers for this type of coating, which may lead to divergence of results. Validation of this technology to guarantee its viability in agriculture is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate rice, common bean and corn morphological characteristics, foliar N contents and yields and N fertilization efficiency in response to N rates and sources. Field experiments were carried out on these crops, comparing N fertilizers performance. Each experiment was formed by a factorial design comparing N sources (urea and Policote coated urea) and rates, besides Control. N fertilization influenced rice, common bean and corn morphological characteristics, foliar N contents, yields and N fertilization efficiency. Increasing N rates increased rice, common bean and corn morphological characteristics and yields. Policote coated urea showed higher agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization and higher yields than urea in rice, common beans and corn crops.

scholarly journals Effect of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Johanna Winkler ◽  
Maria Bernhart ◽  
Michael A. Pucher ◽  
Martin Klug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lower Plant

Summary Soybean crop management have not been studied much in Central Europe as compared with cereals. We assessed the effect of variety, row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertilization on yields and yield components of soybean in a two-year experiment in Gleisdorf, Austria. The varieties Lenka, Naya and Xonia were tested in row spacings of 13 cm, 38 cm and 76 cm with 30 germinable seeds m−2. Additionally, 60 seeds m−2 were tested at 13 cm row spacing, and 38 cm row spacing was additionally established with N fertilization. Faster soil coverage was obtained with a high seeding rate or narrower row spacings. First pod height differed between varieties and increased with higher seeding rate. Grain yield was not affected by treatments but yield components differed. The widest row spacing resulted in a lower plant density but more pods plant−1, grains plant−1, grains pod−1 (in one year) and a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW). The higher seeding rate resulted in a higher plant density but less pods plant−1 whereas grains pod−1 and TKW did not differ. N fertilization did not affect the grain yield. Correlation analysis showed a high adaptability of soybean to different seeding rates and row spacings through modulation of yield components.

scholarly journals Soybean growth affected by seeding rate and mineral nitrogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 734-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Werner ◽  
Alvadi A. Balbinot Junior ◽  
André S. Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo A. de A. e Silva ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen (N) fertilization on plant growth in soybean cultivar with indeterminate growth habit. Two experiments were conducted in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons, in a complete block design with split-plot scheme and six replicates. Four seeding rates (150, 300, 440 and 560 000 viable seeds ha-1) and two N doses (0 and 45 kg ha-1) were allocated in the plots and subplots, respectively. The cultivar NK7059 RR was used. The following traits were assessed: leaf, stem and total shoot dry matter, leaf/stem dry matter ratio, stem and leaf N content, SPAD index, plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant and grain yield. Soybean growth is not affected by the interaction of plant density and mineral N fertilization. Higher seeding rates increase plant dry matter in the initial development stages and reduce leaf/stem ratio and the number of branches per plant. The effects of N fertilization on soybean growth vary between growing seasons, but do not affect grain yield, even considering a wide range of seeding rates.

scholarly journals Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization and Bradyrhizobium japonicum Seed Inoculation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Janusz Prusiński ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽  
Magdalena Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Glycine Max L

A growing interest in soybean cultivation in Poland has been observed in the recent years, however it faces a lot of difficulties resulting from a poorly understood effectiveness of plant nitrogen fertilization and from the introduction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to the environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the consistency of response of two soybean cultivars to three different rates of mineral N fertilization and two seed inoculation treatments with B. japonicum in field conditions over four years regardless of previous B. japonicum presence in the soil. A highly-diversified-over-years rainfall and temperature in the growing season do not allow for a definite statement of the differences resulting from seed inoculation and mineral N fertilization applied separately or jointly in soybean. A high sensitivity of the nodulation process to rainfall deficits was noted, which resulted in a decreased amount of B. japonicum DNA measured in qPCR and dry matter of nodules. ‘Annushka’ demonstrated a higher yield of seeds and protein, higher plants and the 1st pod setting. ‘Aldana’, due to a significant decrease in plant density, produced a higher number of pods, seeds per pod and the 1000 seed weight per plant. Both cultivars responded with an increase in the seed yield after seed inoculation with HiStick, also with an application of 30 and 60 kg N, as well as with Nitragina with 60 kg N.

scholarly journals Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Anibal de Moraes ◽  
Adelino Pelissari ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
The North ◽  
Oilseed Radish

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (oilseed radish); and natural vegetation, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization (fallow). Intercropping cover produces a greater amount of biomass in the system and, consequently, a greater accumulation of total and particulate organic carbon on the surface soil layer. However, land use in winter does not significantly affect soil physical properties related to soil compaction, nor the grain yield of maize, soybean and common bean cultivated in succession.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

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