Impact of Antimicrobial Compounds on Etiolation Caused by Xanthomonas translucens and on Turf Quality of Creeping Bentgrass Putting-Green Turf

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. ATS-2014-0047-RS
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Roberts ◽  
Michael D. Soika ◽  
David F. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Xanthomonas Translucens

scholarly journals Creeping Bentgrass Quality following Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicide Applications

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 880-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
June July ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Three field experiments were conducted to determine if several preemergence and postemergence herbicides were safe to apply to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. `Penncross') maintained at putting green height. When dithiopyr was applied at preemergence in late February or early March, the emulsifiable concentrate formulation (≤1.7 kg·ha-1) and granular formulation (≤1.1 kg·ha-1) did not reduce the quality or cover of creeping bentgrass. Applied at preemergence, bensulide plus oxadiazon at 6.7 + 1.7 kg·ha-1 and 13.4 + 3.4 kg·ha-1 reduced turfgrass quality for 2 to 3 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment, respectively. When MON 12051 and monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid (MSMA) (≤0.14 and ≤2.2 kg·ha-1, respectively) were applied at postemergence to creeping bentgrass in early June, the reduction in turfgrass quality varied from slight to moderate for 1 to 2 weeks, but turfgrass fully recovered with no effect on turfgrass cover. Quinclorac applied at postemergence in early June at ≥0.6 kg·ha-1 severely reduced creeping bentgrass quality and cover for ≥8 weeks. Diclofop at 0.6 kg·ha-1 applied to creeping bentgrass in June, July, or August maintained consistently higher quality and cover ratings than when applied at ≥1.1 kg·ha-1. Diclofop applied at 0.6 kg·ha-1 in June and repeated at the same rate in July reduced quality of creeping bentgrass less than when applied at 1.1 kg·ha-1 at any date. Chemical names used: O,O-bis (1-methylethyl) S-{2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl} phosphorodithioate (bensulide); (±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (diclofop); S,S-dimethyl-2-(difluoromethyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbothioate (dithiopyr); methyl-5-{[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino] carbonylaminosulfonyl}-3-chloro-1-methyl-1-H-pyrazol-4-carboxylate (MON 12051); 3-[2,4-dicloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); 3,7-dicloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac).

scholarly journals Preventive Control of Pythium Root Dysfunction in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens and Sensitivity of Pythium volutum to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kerns ◽  
M. D. Soika ◽  
L. P. Tredway
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Field Efficacy

Pythium root dysfunction (PRD), caused by Pythium volutum, has been observed on golf course putting greens established with creeping bentgrass in the southeastern United States since 2002. To evaluate preventative strategies for management of this disease, a 3-year field experiment was conducted in Pinehurst, NC on a ‘G-2’ creeping bentgrass putting green. Fungicide treatments were applied twice in the fall (September and October) and three times in the spring (March, April, and May) in each of the 3 years. Applications of pyraclostrobin provided superior preventative control compared with the other fungicides tested. Azoxystrobin and cyazofamid provided moderate control of PRD in two of three seasons. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the disease suppression provided by pyraclostrobin was due to fungicidal activity or physiological effects on the host. In vitro sensitivity to pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, cyazofamid, mefenoxam, propamocarb, and fluopicolide was determined for 11 P. volutum isolates and 1 P. aphanidermatum isolate. Isolates of P. volutum were most sensitive to pyraclostrobin (50% effective concentration [EC50] value = 0.005), cyazofamid (EC50 = 0.004), and fluoxastrobin (EC50= 0.010), followed by azoxystrobin (EC50 = 0.052), and mefenoxam (EC50 = 0.139). P. volutum isolates were not sensitive to fluopicolide or propamocarb. Applications of pyraclostrobin did not increase the foliar growth rate or visual quality of creeping bentgrass in growth-chamber experiments. This work demonstrates that fall and spring applications of pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, and cyazofamid suppress the expression of PRD symptoms during summer and that field efficacy is related to the sensitivity of P. volutum to these fungicides.

scholarly journals Ethephon and Gibberellic Acid Inhibitors Influence Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Quality and Ball Roll Distances

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Haibo Liu ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Green Ball ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are often applied in combinations to reduce turf clippings, enhance turf quality, and suppress Poa annua L.; however, effects of PGR combinations on putting green ball roll distances have not been reported. Two field experiments were conducted on an `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Huds.) putting green in Clemson, S.C., to investigate effects of four PGRs with and without a subsequent application of ethephon at 3.8 kg·ha–1 a.i. 6 days after initial treatments. The PGRs initially applied included ethephon at 3.8 kg·ha–1 a.i., flurprimidol at 0.28 kg·ha–1 a.i., paclobutrazol at 0.28 kg·ha–1 a.i., and trinexapac-ethyl at 0.05 kg·ha–1 a.i.. Ball roll distances were enhanced 3% to 6% (4 to 8 cm) by exclusive flurprimidol, paclobutrazol, and trinexapac-ethyl treatments. The additional ethephon application reduced ball distances 2% to 9% (2 to 11 cm). Paclobutrazol and trinexapac-ethyl treated turf receiving the additional ethephon application had longer or similar ball roll distances to non-PGR treated turf. The additional ethephon treatment reduced turf quality to unacceptable levels 1 and 2 weeks after applications. However, bentgrass treated previously with trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol had 8 to 16% higher visual quality following the additional ethephon treatment relative to non-PGR treated turf receiving the subsequent ethephon application. Overall, ethephon may have deleterious effects on monostand creeping bentgrass putting green quality and ball roll distances; however, applying ethephon with GA inhibitors could mitigate these adverse effects. Chemical names used: [4-(cyclopropyl-[α]-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] (trinexapac-ethyl); {α-(1-methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoro-methoxy) phenyl] 5-pyrimidine-methanol} (flurprimidol); (+/-)–(R*,R*)-β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α-(1, 1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] (ethephon).

scholarly journals Mowing Height Effects on Summer Turf Growth and Physiological Activities for Two Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Low mowing increases ball roll distance on putting greens, but may affect growth and physiological responses to summer heat stress. The objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of mowing heights on turf summer performance was associated with changes in photosynthetic activities and respiration rate for two creeping bentgrass [Agrostis palustris (L.) Huds] cultivars, `Crenshaw' and `Penncross'. Both cultivars were grown under USGA-specification putting green conditions from 1997 to 1998. Grasses were mowed daily at a 3-mm (low mowing) or 4-mm (high mowing) height. Turf quality, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), and leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) declined, whereas respiration rate of whole plants, canopy minus air temperature, and soil temperatures increased under low mowing compared to those at the high mowing height. The decline or increase in those parameters under low mowing was more pronounced in summer than in spring or fall months. The results showed that turf quality was better at the 4-mm mowing height, especially during summer months. Better quality at the higher mowing height could be related to the maintenance of higher photosynthetic activities and lower respiration rate. Mowing at the lower height had more adverse effects on turf growth and photosynthetic capacity for `Penncross' than `Crenshaw', particularly during summer months.

scholarly journals Cultivation and Topdressing Requirements for Thatch Management in A and G Bentgrasses and Creeping Bluegrass

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Stier ◽  
Andrew B. Hollman
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
The Core ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
New Cultivars

Empirical observations suggest certain new cultivars of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) with high shoot density require more intensive topdressing and core aeration to control thatch compared to less dense cultivars such as `Penncross. In addition, a variety of Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn., `DW-184, has recently been released for putting green use but management requirements are undocumented. The objective of our project was to determine the core aeration and topdressing requirements for thatch management of creeping bentgrass cultivars `A-4, `G-2, and `Penncross as compared to `DW-184. Plots were established on a sand-based root zone and maintained as putting green turf for 3 years. A factorial treatment arrangement was used to assess the effects of core aeration and topdressing on thatch, topdressing removal, turf quality, and disease. Both `A-4 and `G-2 produced more organic matter as (thatch/mat) than `Penncross and `DW-184. Grass type, core aeration frequency, and topdressing regime affected the amount of topdressing removed by mowing. An interaction between grass type and topdressing regime showed biweekly topdressing with verticutting resulted in less topdressing removal from all grasses except `G-2 compared to monthly topdressing without verticutting. Since no more than 3% of the topdressing applied was removed from any single treatment, however, the overall impact of grass type, core aeration frequency, or topdressing regime are unlikely to affect turf response. Both `A-4 and `G-2 provided consistently better quality turf than `Penncross or `DW-184 at 3.2 mm mowing height, though `A-4 was more susceptible to dollar spot disease (Sclerotinia homeocarpa F.T. Bennett) than `Penncross or `G-2. Cultivation and topdressing methods for management of `A-4 and `G-2 bentgrasses do not differ substantially from `Penncross or `DW-184 creeping bluegrass.

scholarly journals Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Trinexapac-ethyl and Biostimulants under Summer Stress

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green

Summer decline in turf quality and growth of cool-season grass species is a major concern in turfgrass management. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether foliar application of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) and two biostimulants (TurfVigor and CPR) containing seaweed extracts would alleviate the decline in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) growth during summer months and to examine effects of TE and the biostimulants on leaf senescence and root growth. The study was performed on a ‘Penncross’ putting green built on a sandy loam soil at Hort Farm II, North Brunswick, NJ, in 2007 and 2008. Turf was foliar-sprayed with water (control), TE (0.05 kg a.i./ha), TurfVigor (47.75 L·ha−1), or CPR (19.10 L·ha−1) from late June to early September in a 2-week interval in both years. Turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, canopy photosynthetic rate (Pn), and root growth exhibited significant decline during July and August in both 2007 and 2008, to a greater extent in each parameter for the control treatment. Foliar application of TE resulted in significant improvement in turf quality, density, chlorophyll content, and Pn on certain sampling dates from July to September in both years compared with the control. Both TurfVigor and CPR significantly improved visual quality during July and August in both years by promoting both shoot and root growth. This study suggests that proper application of TE and selected biostimulants could be effective to improve summer performance of creeping bentgrass.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Bacterial Etiolation of Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Turf Caused by Acidovorax avenae

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Roberts ◽  
David F. Ritchie ◽  
James P. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Multiple Field ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Bacterial etiolation, caused by Acidovorax avenae, is a widespread problem in creeping bentgrass putting green turf. The symptoms normally appear as abnormally elongated turfgrass stems and leaves. Observations at multiple field sites suggest the involvement of plant growth regulators (i.e., GA-biosynthesis inhibitors) commonly applied to turf, alluding to a phytohormone imbalance caused by the bacterium. A 2-year field study examined the effects of trinexapac-ethyl, flurprimidol, and paclobutrazol on bacterial etiolation severity caused by A. avenae. Trinexapac-ethyl applied at 0.05 kg a.i. ha−1 every 7 days and 0.10 kg ha−1 every 14 days increased etiolation compared with all other treatments in both years. Flurprimidol and paclobutrazol were not different from the control but high-rate applications caused phytotoxicity that lowered turf quality early in 2014. When the etiolated turfgrass was removed with mowing, turfgrass treated with trinexapac-ethyl exhibited the highest turfgrass quality on most rating dates. Results from this work illustrate that using plant growth regulator materials with different modes of action is a solution to managing creeping bentgrass growth while limiting the potential for bacterial etiolation outbreaks.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) Quality As Influenced by Multiple Low-Rate Applications of Fenoxaprop

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Carroll ◽  
M. J. Mahoney ◽  
P. H. Dernoeden
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Silver Spring ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Low Rate

Multiple applications of fenoxaprop (0.027, 0.036, and 0.045 kg ai ha–1) were field-applied on either 2-, 3-, or 4-wk intervals to ‘Penncross' creeping bentgrass maintained at putting green height in Easton, MD and Silver Spring, MD during 1989 and 1990. At both locations, yearly averaged creeping bentgrass quality ratings decreased with increasing fenoxaprop rate. Creeping bentgrass discoloration and thinning were minimal at 0.027 kg ha–1 fenoxaprop and did not reduce season-long turf quality below acceptable levels at either site in 1989 or 1990. Substantial discoloration and thinning was observed at 0.045 kg ha–1 fenoxaprop and acceptable season-long quality was limited to Easton in 1990. Significant spray frequency treatment effects were noticed at both sites in 1989 but not 1990. Increasing the spray interval from 2- to 4-wk improved creeping bentgrass quality from unacceptable to acceptable in two of the final four evaluation dates at Easton and five of the final six dates at Silver Spring.

Effect of Herbicide Treatments on Overseeded Putting Green Turf

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Warm Season Grass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Untreated Check

Putting green turf containing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. ‘Medalist IV’) overseeded on a bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ‘Tifway’] was treated with single and sequential herbicide treatments during the spring and transition period from cool to warm season grass. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] at 2.2 or 4.4 kg/ha and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] at 3.4 or 6.7 kg/ha reduced the quality of putting green turf immediately after treatment in early spring. Turf injury was greater with oxadiazon than with butralin. Two applications of MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha resulted in a lower quality turf with less ryegrass when compared with the untreated check. Methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione] at 1.1 kg/ha severely injured ryegrass and resulted in a lower turf quality.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Golf Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium Tank-Mixed with Paclobutrazol

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Q. Moss ◽  
Xi Xiong ◽  
Kemin Su ◽  
Bishow P. Poudel ◽  
John B. Haguewood
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Weekly Application

Annual bluegrass is a troublesome weed in golf course putting greens. The objective of this research was to evaluate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium tank-mixed with paclobutrazol in the transition zone. Field trials with four replications were conducted in Oklahoma during 2009 and 2010 and in Missouri during 2010. The results of this study suggest that tank-mixing bispyribac-sodium with paclobutrazol may discolor creeping bentgrass putting greens but will not reduce turf quality below acceptable levels. Normalized vegetative difference index readings indicated no treatment differences in turf greenness at 4 and 8 wk after initial treatment. Weekly application of bispyribac-sodium at 12.4 g ha−1 or biweekly application at 24.8 g ha−1 alone or with monthly applications of paclobutrazol at 224 g ha−1 did not cause unacceptable injury to creeping bentgrass putting greens during the spring.

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