Manure Sampling for Nutrient Analysis: Variability and Sampling Efficacy

AbstractThe present study was carried out to produce a high quality puffed infant rice cereal from rice and mung bean through extrusion technology. Experiments were designed using 3 independent variables (i. e. 14–18% feed moisture, 400–550 r/min screw speed and 125–175 °C barrel temperature) and 3 response variables (i. e. bulk density, water solubility index and degree of gelatinisation) at five different levels of central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The results of optimization demonstrated that 14% feed moisture, 400 r/min screw speed and 175 °C barrel temperature could generate rice-mungbean extrudates with desirable functional properties. The selected extrudate samples were further examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, in vitro digestibility and fundamental nutrient analysis. Notably, the initial oval-shaped particle structure of starch in the raw materials disappeared, the surface debris and roughness increased, and the density decreased. The time required for the gelatinization of puffed infant rice cereal was the shortest, which was in agreement with the positioning of ready-to-eat weaning food for infants. Moreover, the puffed infant rice cereal displayed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value, smaller retrogradation value and greater top taste value compared to the commercial infant rice cereal. Besides maintaining the initial characteristic peak of starch, the puffed infant rice cereal demonstrated characteristic absorption peaks of COO- in the vicinity of 1546 cm−1 and 1437 cm−1, indicating the formation of carboxylate during extrusion. In addition, the puffed infant rice cereal exhibited firm diffraction peaks at the diffraction angles of 7.4°, 12.5° and 20.5°, indicating that a certain amount of starch changed from type A to type V. Furthermore, the digestive rate of puffed infant rice cereal was higher than that of commercial infant cereal (90.21 versus 86.96%, respectively; p < 0.05). Altogether, our findings reveal that the developed puffed infant rice cereal meets the standards set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC; 74-1981).

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Relation between Feed Particle Size Distribution and Plumage Condition in Laying Hens on Commercial Farms

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 773

Author(s):

Ruben Schreiter ◽

Klaus Damme ◽

Markus Freick

Keyword(s):

Damage Control ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Indirect Measure ◽

Model Animal ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

And Control ◽

Feed Samples

In this cross-sectional study, 103 complete feed samples from laying hen herds affected by plumage damage as an indirect measure for severe feather pecking (affected herds; AH, n = 37) and control herds without plumage damage (control herd; CH, n = 66) of commercial German farms were examined by dry sieve and nutrient analysis. AH showed higher percentages of particles >2.50 mm (mean ± SD, CH: 11.0 ± 8.5%, AH: 24.9 ± 14.3%) and 2.00–2.50 mm (CH: 11.2 ± 5.3%, AH: 15.7 ± 5.7%), but lower proportions of fractions 1.01–1.60 mm (CH: 22.9 ± 4.9%, AH: 17.8 ± 5.7%), 0.51–1.00 mm (CH: 25.5 ± 8.2%, AH: 16.0 ± 6.8%) and ≤0.50 mm (CH: 15.4 ± 5.0%, AH: 11.0 ± 4.8%) (p < 0.001). Diets of AH had a higher geometric mean diameter (GMD) compared to CH (AH: 1470.8 ± 343.9 μm; CH: 1113.3 ± 225.7 μm) (p < 0.001). Contents of crude ash (CH: 130.3 ± 18.8 g/kg, AH: 115.9 ± 24.3 g/kg), lysine (CH: 8.2 ± 1.0 g/kg, AH: 7.7 ± 1.2 g/kg), methionine (CH: 3.4 ± 0.5 g/kg, AH: 3.2 ± 0.6 g/kg) and sodium (CH: 1.7 ± 0.4 g/kg, AH: 1.3 ± 0.4 g/kg) were lower in AH (p ≤ 0.041). In a logistic regression model, animal age (p = 0.041) and GMD (p < 0.001) were significant factors on the occurrence of plumage damage.

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Sampling Efficacy and Survival Rates of Labarrus pseudolividus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Using Flotation and Sieve-Separation Methodology

Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1093/jisesa/ieaa083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Fallon Fowler ◽

Tashiana Wilcox ◽

Stephanie Orr ◽

Wes Watson

Keyword(s):

Habitat Restoration ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Light Traps ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Onthophagus Taurus ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Laboratory Colony ◽

Sampling Efficacy

Abstract Understanding collection methodologies and their limitations are essential when targeting specific arthropods for use in habitat restoration, conservation, laboratory colony formation, or when holistically representing local populations using ecological surveys. For dung beetles, the most popular collection methodology is baited traps, followed by light traps and unbaited flight-intercept traps during diversity surveys. A less common collection method, flotation, is assumed to be laborious and messy, and so only a handful of papers exist on its refinement and strengths. Our purpose was threefold: First, we tested the recovery and survival rates of Labarrus (=Aphodius) pseudolividus (Balthasar) and Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) when floating beetle-seeded dung pats to determine potential collection and safety issues. We collected 72.4 and 78% of the seeded L. pseudolividus and O. taurus, respectively, with >95% survival rating. Second, we developed a flotation-sieving technique that enables users to rapidly collect and passively sort dung beetles with less time and effort. Specifically, we often collected 50–100 g of wild dung beetles within a couple of hours of gathering dung and sorted them in a couple more by allowing dung beetles to sort themselves by size within a series of sieves; Third, we reviewed flotation-based advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other methodologies.

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Impact of the 2017 Child and Adult Care Food Program Meal Pattern Requirement Change on Menu Quality in Tribal Early Care Environments: The Food Resource Equity and Sustainability for Health Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz094 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susan B Sisson ◽

Kaysha Sleet ◽

Rachel Rickman ◽

Charlotte Love ◽

Alexandria Bledsoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Best Practice ◽

Food Resource ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Health Study ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Early Care ◽

Adult Care ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT Background Native American (NA) children have a high prevalence of obesity contributing to lifespan health disparities. Dietary intake is important to promote healthy weight gain, growth, and development. In 2017, the USDA enforced changes to the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). The CACFP provides reimbursement to qualifying Early Care and Education (ECE) programs that serve foods that uphold the program's nutrition requirements. Objective This study had the following 2 objectives: 1) Describe a novel index to evaluate ECE menus based on revised CACFP requirements (accounting for food substitutions) and best practices for 3- to-5-y-old children, and 2) analyze CACFP requirement and best practice compliance and nutrient changes in 9 NA ECE programs before and after enforcement of the revised CACFP requirements. Methods This longitudinal study is within a larger community-based participatory research study. Menus and meals served were evaluated for 1 wk at each of 9 programs before and after enforcement of the revised meal patterns. Nutrient analysis, CACFP requirement and best practice compliance, and substitution quality were evaluated. Differences were determined using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched test. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03251950. Results Total grams of fiber consumed increased (5.0 ± 1.2 compared with 5.9 ± 0.8 g, P = 0.04) and total grams of sugar consumed decreased (53.8 ± 12.6 compared with 48.4 ± 7.9 g, P = 0.024), although room for further improvement exists. Although total grams of fat remained unchanged, grams of saturated fat significantly increased (7.8 ± 1.4 compared with 10.5 ± 3.4, P = 0.041). Other nutrients remained unchanged. Overall CACFP requirement and best practice compliance scores improved, although this finding was not statistically significant. No significant changes in food quality associated with substitutions occurred. Conclusions This study provides early evidence to support the beneficial impact of the revised CACFP requirements. Understanding barriers to compliance within rural NA communities would be an important next step in enhancing the health of vulnerable children.

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HANDBOOK OF FOOD ANALYSIS, PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND NUTRIENT ANALYSIS

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1111/j.1745-4557.2005.00030.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 28 (5-6) ◽

pp. 507-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SUZANNE NIELSEN

Keyword(s):

Food Analysis ◽

Physical Characterization ◽

Nutrient Analysis

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Nutrient analysis of Kunapa jala and Pancha gavya and their evaluation on germination of Ashwagandha and Kalamegha seeds: A comparative study

Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gireesh M. Ankad ◽

Jagadishchandra Hiremath ◽

R.T. Patil ◽

H.J. Pramod ◽

Harsha V. Hegde

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Nutrient Analysis

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Nutrient Analysis of Grass Species Consumed by Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11119 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 402-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Thakur ◽

C.R. Upreti ◽

K. Jha

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Mean Value ◽

Grass Species ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Slight Variation ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Mean Values ◽

Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽

Chitwan National Park

The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is found almost exclusively in Nepal and North-Eastern India. There have beenonly a few studies made on the food and the nutrient compositions of fodder species preferred by The Greater One- horned Rhinoceros. Thepresent study identifies the nutrient content of the fodder species consumed by One-horned rhinoceros which would be helpful to develop proper strategies for rhinoceros food management. For this altogether 8 grass species which were most preferred by rhinoceros were collected from Chitwan National Park. Systematic sampling was applied for sample collection and collected samples were taken to the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Khumaltar for nutrient analysis. Among all the collected species the highest OM% was seen in Faank (93.98 ± 0.88) while Ash% and CP% was found to be highest in Eragrastic Tenella (13.67 ± 2.92) and Phragmatic karka (11.94 ± 2.26) respectively. Lowest NDF% was again seen in Eragrastic tenella (76.76 ± 2.93) and lowest ADF% and ADL% were found in Mala dubo with mean values (43.50 ± 6.86) and (6.41 ± 2.16) respectively showing high digestibility of these grasses. There were only slight variation in the EE% of the grass species withhighest mean value of (3.702 ± 1.73) of Imperata cylindrical to lowest mean value of (1.722 ± 0.11) of Eragrastic tenella. Highest energy was found in Faank (4181.90 ±1.10) and Calcium content was seen highest in Cynodon dactylon (1.30 ± 0.83).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11119 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 402-408

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A review of plant analysis in Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9931029 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1029 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

PD Handson ◽

BC Shelley

Keyword(s):

Quality Assurance ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

Plant Analysis ◽

Nutrient Analysis ◽

Testing Laboratories ◽

Australian Plant ◽

Analytical Accuracy ◽

Plant Sap

This review of plant analysis in Australia examines sample preparation, instrumentation, problem analytes, calibration, detection limits, and quality assurance. The issue of turnaround time v. analytical accuracy is discussed and the role of 'plant sap quick tests' in nutrient analysis is assessed. Results of a survey of Australian plant-testing laboratories are included.

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