scholarly journals Sampling Efficacy and Survival Rates of Labarrus pseudolividus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Using Flotation and Sieve-Separation Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fallon Fowler ◽  
Tashiana Wilcox ◽  
Stephanie Orr ◽  
Wes Watson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Onthophagus Taurus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Sampling Efficacy

Abstract Understanding collection methodologies and their limitations are essential when targeting specific arthropods for use in habitat restoration, conservation, laboratory colony formation, or when holistically representing local populations using ecological surveys. For dung beetles, the most popular collection methodology is baited traps, followed by light traps and unbaited flight-intercept traps during diversity surveys. A less common collection method, flotation, is assumed to be laborious and messy, and so only a handful of papers exist on its refinement and strengths. Our purpose was threefold: First, we tested the recovery and survival rates of Labarrus (=Aphodius) pseudolividus (Balthasar) and Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) when floating beetle-seeded dung pats to determine potential collection and safety issues. We collected 72.4 and 78% of the seeded L. pseudolividus and O. taurus, respectively, with >95% survival rating. Second, we developed a flotation-sieving technique that enables users to rapidly collect and passively sort dung beetles with less time and effort. Specifically, we often collected 50–100 g of wild dung beetles within a couple of hours of gathering dung and sorted them in a couple more by allowing dung beetles to sort themselves by size within a series of sieves; Third, we reviewed flotation-based advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other methodologies.

scholarly journals Subperiosteal Anchorage in Orthodontics: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8376
Author(s):  
Marco Serafin ◽  
Cinzia Maspero ◽  
Salvatore Bocchieri ◽  
Rosamaria Fastuca ◽  
Alberto Caprioglio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Orthodontic Anchorage ◽  
Clinical Procedure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Starting Point

Orthodontic anchorage is a necessity for every treatment and must be carefully evaluated by the orthodontist. It is defined as the resistance to unwanted dental movement of a tooth or a number of teeth by using different techniques. The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the subperiosteal anchorage applied to orthodontics; this technique has been debated in the literature and the purpose here is to summarize the fields of application. During the first check of previous literature 548 results were found, which have been reduced to 19 selected papers after application of the inclusion criteria and the elimination of duplicates. Multiple electronic databases were searched from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2020 in order to identify papers eligible for current review. The data obtained by this review underlined the versatility of onplants used as absolute anchorage during orthodontic treatments, the advantages and disadvantages, the biomechanical properties and survival rates, and the clinical procedure. Further clinical studies and research are required to explore other kinds of application and to state specific guidelines; however, this study represents an update and a starting point for clinicians who want to use these devices and for further improvement of the technique.

Dual-Mobility Cups in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Bellova ◽  
Jens Goronzy ◽  
Roman Riedel ◽  
Tim Grothe ◽  
Albrecht Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Dual Mobility ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Large Head ◽  
Dual Mobility Cups ◽  
Primary Hip Arthroplasty

AbstractDual-mobility cups (DMCs) were introduced in France more than 40 years ago and are increasingly used not only in hip revision but also primary hip arthroplasty. Due to a simulated large-head articulation and increased jumping distance, DMCs can contribute to a high range of motion in the hip joint and reduce the risk of instability. Numerous studies have reported low dislocation rates and high survival rates in the mid-term follow-up. Nevertheless, long-term data, especially on primary hip replacement, remain limited, and the effect of recent designs and material innovations is still unclear. Therefore, primary DMCs are mainly proposed in patients at high risk for dislocation (i.e. pelvitrochanteric insufficiency, compromised spinopelvic mobility, neuromuscular disorders, obesity and femoral neck fractures). Based on a review of recently published studies referring to these indications, the current study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of DMCs.

Low-temperature storage of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, facilitates laboratory colony maintenance and population growth

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-746
Author(s):  
Chuanwen Wang ◽  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
He Yu ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Temperature Storage

AbstractThe poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is currently the most common ectoparasite affecting egg-laying hens. Since continuous culture of D. gallinae on birds is a biologically and economically costly endeavour, storage techniques for mites are urgently needed. Effects of temperature on adult and nymph survival were first studied to optimize storage conditions. Then, fecundity of D. gallinae was studied after mites were stored at optimal storage conditions. Results showed the survival rates of protonymphs (42.11%), deutonymphs (8.19%) and females (19.78%) at 5°C after 84 days were higher than those at 0, 25 and 30°C. Thereafter the fecundity and the capability of re-establishing colonies of D. gallinae were evaluated after they were stored for 40 and 80 days at 5°C. After storage, the mean number of eggs showed no statistical difference between treated (5°C for 40 or 80 days) and control groups (25°C for 7 days), while the hatching rates of eggs were in all cases above 97%. The dynamic changes of mite populations and egg numbers showed similar trends to the control group after the stored adult or nymph mites were fed on chicks. Dermanyssus gallinae can be successfully stored at 5°C for 80 days with no interference with the fecundity of mites, and the stored mites could re-establish colonies successfully. Adults and nymphs were two main stages with capability for low temperature storage. These results suggest that low temperature storage is a viable option for colony maintenance of D. gallinae under laboratory conditions.

The impact of the quality of VC financing and monitoring on the survival of IPO firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Pommet
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Venture Capitalist ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of venture capital (VC) involvement on the survival rate of French initial public offerings (IPOs) during the period 1996-2006. The paper examines the link between the survival rates of IPO companies, and several proxies for the quality of venture capitalist financing and monitoring. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the impact of the involvement of VC on both long and short run post-IPO survival, two methods are used: survival analysis (the Cox proportional hazard), and a logit model. Findings This paper shows that the quality of venture capitalist monitoring, measured by the duration of their investment before the IPO, is positively correlated with company survival rates. However, the author does not find the expected result when the author considers the experience of venture capitalists measured by their age. Research limitations/implications The findings are limited to a sample of VC-backed companies that went public. Practical implications The findings have implications for entrepreneurs. When analyzing the advantages and disadvantages linked to the presence of VC firms in the capital of their companies, entrepreneurs should consider that certain types of venture capitalists might be more or less able to be involved in the monitoring and value adding process. Originality/value To date, there is no comprehensive study on the French IPO market analyzing both long and short run post-IPO survival of VC-backed companies. This paper fills this gap.

scholarly journals Carbon Neutral: The Failure of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to Affect Dung-Generated Greenhouse Gases in the Pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116
Author(s):  
Fallon Fowler ◽  
Steve Denning ◽  
Shuijin Hu ◽  
Wes Watson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Onthophagus Taurus ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Dung Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Abstract Research suggests dung beetles can churn, aerate, and desiccate dung in ways that influence the dung and soil microbes producing greenhouse gases (GHGs). We examined the impacts of the tunneling beetle, Onthophagus taurus (Schreber), and the dwelling beetle, Labarrus pseudolividus (Balthasar), on the carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emitted from pasture-laid bovine dung as well as their sum-total (CO2 + CH4 + N2O) effect on global warming, or their carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Despite dung beetles potential effects on CH4 and N2O, the existing literature shows no ultimate CO2e reductions. We hypothesized that more dung beetles would degrade pats faster and reduce CO2e, and so we increased the average dung beetle biomass per dung volume 6.22× above previously published records, and visually documented any dung damage. However, the time effects were 2–5× greater for any GHG and CO2e (E = 0.27–0.77) than dung beetle effects alone (E = 0.09–0.24). This suggests that dung beetle communities cannot adequately reduce GHGs unless they can accelerate dung decomposition faster than time alone.

Moonlight and the biting activity of Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnenc and C. (M.) taeniopus D. & K. (Diptera, Culicidae) in Trinidad forests

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Phases Of The Moon ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractThe biting activity of Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnenc and C. (M.) taeniopus D. & K. in a secondary seasonal marsh forest in Trinidad was studied by means of catches by six mouse-baited suction traps, and a single light-trap. The traps were cleared at hourly intervals between 17.00 h and 07.00 h on nights which approximated to the new, first quarter, full and last quarter phases of the moon. The catches were compared with illumination at canopy and ground level which was estimated by selenium photocells whose output was recorded on the continuous chart of a servo-potentiometer. Humidity, rainfall, temperature and cloud cover were also recorded. In the suction traps both species showed peaks of activity at evening and dawn twilight at new moon, although the dawn peak was not very pronounced with C. taeniopus, but this pattern was modified on other nights in a manner which was consistent with moon age. At full moon the evening and dawn peaks were replaced by increased activity during moonrise and the middle of the night. The light-traps failed to show the evening and dawn activity and did not always duplicate the baited traps during darkness. Two hypotheses based on either a permissive range of illumination or an underlying circadian rhythm are discussed; neither fully explains the observed biting activity. Although an association between moonlight and biting activity does exist, an understanding of its nature will require more experimental data.

EFFECTS OF PROLONGED COLONIZATION, CROWDING, AND STARVATION ON DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL RATES OF CABBAGE LOOPERS, TRICHOPLUSIA NI (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Tignor ◽  
J. L. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Trichoplusia Ni ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cabbage Looper ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Larval Crowding ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The effect of colonization, crowding, and starvation on the development of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, was investigated. Differences in development time, pupal weight, mortality rate, and adult longevity between a laboratory and field colony were minimal. These differences are believed to be correctable through minimization of selection and precautions against pathogenic contamination during rearing, as well as, regular introduction of field collected insects into the laboratory colony. Stress produced by larval crowding and starvation in the laboratory colony produced a longer development time, increased mortality, and reduced pupal weight. Cannabalism of larvae, prepupae, and pupae was noted at higher crowding and starvation (stress) levels. Increased adult longevity at higher stress levels was also observed.

A critical review of procedures for sampling populations of adult mosquitoes

1977 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Service
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Population Modelling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Adult Dispersal

AbstractA critical review is presented of the many and varied procedures for sampling adult mosquitoes. All sampling methods are subject to bias, but human-bait collections are probably the most reliable single method for detecting and monitoring populations of anthropophilic species. The estimation of realistic man-biting rates, however, remains difficult. The recent advances in computer technology have generated considerable interest in population modelling, with the aim of getting a better insight into the complexities of population dynamics, mosquito control and disease transmission. Although such approaches may be informative, it is stressed that models should be based on meaningful values of the critical parameters and that these are best obtained from field populations. The difficulties of interpreting mosquito collections in both attractant traps, such as animal-baited traps, carbon-dioxide-baited traps and light-traps, and in non-attractant ones, such as Malaise traps, sticky traps, ramp traps, rotary traps, suction traps and vehicle-mounted traps, are described. Suction traps probably provide the least biased catches of aerial populations of mosquitoes, but, if populations as a whole are to be considered, then resting adults also must be adequately sampled, and this may prove difficult. It is emphasised that different trapping techniques usually sample different components of a population, and that the choice of sampling methods depends much on the type and quality of information required. The limitations of using mark-recapture techniques to study adult dispersal and obtain absolute population estimates are discussed, together with the advantages and disadvantages of applying simple and more complex mathematical procedures for analysing recapture data.

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