Plant Research: 1. The Methods of Water Culture of Higher Plants (246 pages) with an appendix on Symptoms of Nutrient Deficiencies in Crop Plants (48 pages)

1953 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
R. J. Muckenhirn
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Plant Research

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals SelectedAspects of Iodate and Iodosalicylate Metabolism in Lettuce Including the Activity of Vanadium Dependent Haloperoxidases as Affected by Exogenous Vanadium

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Iwona Kowalska ◽  
Mariya Halka ◽  
Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń ◽  
Marlena Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Iodine Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Hormone Analogs ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

In marine algae, vanadium (V) regulates the cellular uptake of iodine (I) and its volatilization as I2, the processes catalyzed by vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (vHPO). Relationships between I and vanadium V in higher plants, including crop plants, have not yet been described. Little is known about the possibility of the synthesis of plant-derived thyroid hormone analogs (PDTHA) in crop plants. The activity of vHPO in crop plants as well as the uptake and metabolism of iodosalicylates in lettuce have not yet been studied. This studyaimed to determine the effect of V on the uptake and accumulation of various forms of I, the metabolism of iodosalicylates and iodobenzoates and, finally, on the accumulation of T3 (triiodothyronine—as example of PDTHA) in plants. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata ‘Melodion’ cv.) cultivation in a hydroponic NutrientFilm Technique (NFT) system was conducted with the introduction of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 µM V doses of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in four independent experiments. No iodine treatment was applied in Experiment No. 1, while iodine compounds were applied at a dose of 10 µM (based on our own previous research) as KIO3, 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-diISA) in Experiment Nos. 2, 3 and 4, respectively. When lettuce was grown at trace amount of I in the nutrient solution, increasing doses of V contributed to the increase of (a) I content in roots, (b) I uptake by whole lettuce plants (leaves + roots), and (c) vHPO activity in leaves (for doses 0.05–0.20 µM V). Vanadium was mainly found in roots where the content of this element increased proportionally to its dose. The content of V in leaves was not modified by V introduced into the nutrient solution. We found that5-ISA, 3,5-diISA and T3 were naturally synthesized in lettuce and its content increased when 5-ISA, 3,5-diISA were applied. Quantitative changes in the accumulation of organic metabolites (iodosalicylates and iodobenzoates) accumulation were observed, along with increased T3 synthesis, with its content in leaves exceeding the level of individual iodosalicylates and iodobenzoates. The content of T3 was not affected by V fertilization. It was concluded that iodosalicylates may participate in the biosynthesis pathway of T3—and probably of other PDTHA compounds.

Genetic and molecular basis of grain size and grain number and its relevance to grain productivity in higher plants

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpendra K Gupta ◽  
Sachin Rustgi ◽  
Neeraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
End Use

Grain size and grain number constitute 2 important components of grain yield. In particular, the grain size also influences the end-use quality (e.g., flour yield and protein content) and attracts consumer preference. These 2 traits are also the components of the domestication syndrome of crop plants. A number of important studies have recently been conducted to understand the genetic and molecular basis of these 2 important yield-contributing traits. Information generated from these studies was collected and synthesized for the benefit of plant biologists, particularly plant breeders. In the present article, this information is briefly reviewed and the prospects of using this information for improvement of grain productivity in crop plants are discussed.Key words: grain size, grain number, grain productivity, genetics, domestication.

Potassium uptake by higher plants: From field application to membrane transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kant ◽  
P. Kant ◽  
U. Kafkafi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Potassium (K+) is a crucial nutrient element for higher plants and plays vital roles in several cellular processes includingturgor regulation, stomatal movement, protein synthesis and charge balance. The requirement of K+for plant growth changes with the developmental stages and its uptake pattern varies among crop plants. Most annual crop plants take up a large proportion of their K+requirement in the initial vegetative growth stage. A deficiency of K+during this period may make the plant susceptible to various stresses. Therefore, the timely application of K+to the plant rhizosphere is an important factor for achieving better plant growth and yield. Plants take up K+by active and passive transport. Electrophysiological and molecular studies done during the last two decades have characterized the active K+ uptake mechanisms (high and low affinity K+ uptake systems) and have identified the genes involved in these mechanisms. The knowledge of K+uptake during the plant life cycle and of the activation of the K+uptake system by the presence of a certain concentration of K+in the soil solution would certainly help in planning the rate and time of K+application. Therefore, the work done on the pattern of K+uptake during plant growth and the mechanism involved in its uptake is reviewed here.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document