scholarly journals SelectedAspects of Iodate and Iodosalicylate Metabolism in Lettuce Including the Activity of Vanadium Dependent Haloperoxidases as Affected by Exogenous Vanadium

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Iwona Kowalska ◽  
Mariya Halka ◽  
Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń ◽  
Marlena Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Iodine Treatment ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Hormone Analogs ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

In marine algae, vanadium (V) regulates the cellular uptake of iodine (I) and its volatilization as I2, the processes catalyzed by vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (vHPO). Relationships between I and vanadium V in higher plants, including crop plants, have not yet been described. Little is known about the possibility of the synthesis of plant-derived thyroid hormone analogs (PDTHA) in crop plants. The activity of vHPO in crop plants as well as the uptake and metabolism of iodosalicylates in lettuce have not yet been studied. This studyaimed to determine the effect of V on the uptake and accumulation of various forms of I, the metabolism of iodosalicylates and iodobenzoates and, finally, on the accumulation of T3 (triiodothyronine—as example of PDTHA) in plants. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata ‘Melodion’ cv.) cultivation in a hydroponic NutrientFilm Technique (NFT) system was conducted with the introduction of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 µM V doses of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in four independent experiments. No iodine treatment was applied in Experiment No. 1, while iodine compounds were applied at a dose of 10 µM (based on our own previous research) as KIO3, 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-diISA) in Experiment Nos. 2, 3 and 4, respectively. When lettuce was grown at trace amount of I in the nutrient solution, increasing doses of V contributed to the increase of (a) I content in roots, (b) I uptake by whole lettuce plants (leaves + roots), and (c) vHPO activity in leaves (for doses 0.05–0.20 µM V). Vanadium was mainly found in roots where the content of this element increased proportionally to its dose. The content of V in leaves was not modified by V introduced into the nutrient solution. We found that5-ISA, 3,5-diISA and T3 were naturally synthesized in lettuce and its content increased when 5-ISA, 3,5-diISA were applied. Quantitative changes in the accumulation of organic metabolites (iodosalicylates and iodobenzoates) accumulation were observed, along with increased T3 synthesis, with its content in leaves exceeding the level of individual iodosalicylates and iodobenzoates. The content of T3 was not affected by V fertilization. It was concluded that iodosalicylates may participate in the biosynthesis pathway of T3—and probably of other PDTHA compounds.

scholarly journals New Aspects of Uptake and Metabolism of Non-organic and Organic Iodine Compounds—The Role of Vanadium and Plant-Derived Thyroid Hormone Analogs in Lettuce

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Smoleń ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka ◽  
Iwona Kowalska ◽  
Kinga Kȩska ◽  
Maria Halka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Hormone Analogs ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

The process of uptake and translocation of non-organic iodine (I) ions, I– and IO3–, has been relatively well-described in literature. The situation is different for low-molecular-weight organic aromatic I compounds, as data on their uptake or metabolic pathway is only fragmentary. The aim of this study was to determine the process of uptake, transport, and metabolism of I applied to lettuce plants by fertigation as KIO3, KIO3 + salicylic acid (KIO3+SA), and iodosalicylates, 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-diISA), depending on whether additional fertilization with vanadium (V) was used. Each I compound was applied at a dose of 10 μM, SA at a dose of 10 μM, and V at a dose of 0.1 μM. Three independent 2-year-long experiments were carried out with lettuce; two with pot systems using a peat substrate and mineral soil and one with hydroponic lettuce. The effectiveness of I uptake and translocation from the roots to leaves was as follows: 5-ISA > 3,5-diISA > KIO3. Iodosalicylates, 5-ISA and 3,5-diISA, were naturally synthesized in plants, similarly to other organic iodine metabolites, i.e., iodotyrosine, as well as plant-derived thyroid hormone analogs (PDTHA), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T3 and T4 were synthesized in roots with the participation of endogenous and exogenous 5-ISA and 3,5-diISA and then transported to leaves. The level of plant enrichment in I was safe for consumers. Several genes were shown to perform physiological functions, i.e., per64-like, samdmt, msams5, and cipk6.

Uptake and metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in higher plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Görge ◽  
Sebastian Brandt ◽  
Dietrich Werner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

Genetic and molecular basis of grain size and grain number and its relevance to grain productivity in higher plants

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpendra K Gupta ◽  
Sachin Rustgi ◽  
Neeraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
End Use

Grain size and grain number constitute 2 important components of grain yield. In particular, the grain size also influences the end-use quality (e.g., flour yield and protein content) and attracts consumer preference. These 2 traits are also the components of the domestication syndrome of crop plants. A number of important studies have recently been conducted to understand the genetic and molecular basis of these 2 important yield-contributing traits. Information generated from these studies was collected and synthesized for the benefit of plant biologists, particularly plant breeders. In the present article, this information is briefly reviewed and the prospects of using this information for improvement of grain productivity in crop plants are discussed.Key words: grain size, grain number, grain productivity, genetics, domestication.

scholarly journals CULTIVO DE ALFACE SOB INTERVALOS DE RECIRCULAÇÕES DAS SOLUÇÕES NUTRITIVAS EM SISTEMAS HIDROPÔNICOS USANDO ÁGUA SALOBRA

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Fabio Tayrone Oliveira de Freitas ◽  
Tales Miler Soares ◽  
Mairton Gomes da Silva ◽  
Maria Raphaela Severo Rafael
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
E Mail

CULTIVO DE ALFACE SOB INTERVALOS DE RECIRCULAÇÕES DAS SOLUÇÕES NUTRITIVAS EM SISTEMAS HIDROPÔNICOS USANDO ÁGUA SALOBRA     FABIO TAYRONE OLIVEIRA DE FREITAS1; TALES MILER SOARES1; MAIRTON GOMES DA SILVA1 E MARIA RAPHAELA SEVERO RAFAEL2   1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Núcleo de Engenharia de Água e Solo, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia-UFRB, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710 - Campus Universitário, CEP: 44380-000, Cruz das Almas-BA, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco-UNIVASF, Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510 Country Club, CEP: 48.902-300, Juazeiro-BA, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o crescimento e a produção da alface usando água salobra sob diferentes intervalos de recirculações das soluções nutritivas em sistemas hidropônicos. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos concomitantemente em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Três cultivares de alface (‘Gloriosa’, ‘Robusta’ e ‘Tainá’) foram cultivadas no mesmo canal hidropônico, sob as seguintes interações: dois sistemas hidropônicos (NFT – técnica do fluxo laminar de nutrientes e DFT – técnica do fluxo profundo, ambos em tubos de PVC) e dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água – CEa (0,3 e 5,3 dS m–1), no Experimento I; no Experimento II, os mesmos dois níveis de CEa e três intervalos de recirculações das soluções nutritivas (0,25; 2 e 4 h), apenas no sistema DFT. No Experimento I, em geral, os sistemas hidropônicos não promoveram mudanças significativas nas variáveis de crescimento e produção das alfaces. Para o Experimento II, foi viável adotar intervalos de recirculações das soluções de até 2 h (cultivar ‘Robusta’) e 4 h (cultivares ‘Gloriosa’ e ‘Tainá’) no sistema DFT em tubos. De modo geral, apesar das reduções no crescimento e produção da alface utilizando-se água salobra (CEa 5,3 dS m–1), não houve depreciação da qualidade visual do produto para comercialização.   Palavras-chave: Lactuca sativa L., cultivo sem solo, oxigênio dissolvido, salinidade, temperatura da solução nutritiva.     FREITAS, F. T. O.; SOARES, T. M.; SILVA, M. G.; RAFAEL, M. R. S. LETTUCE CULTIVATION UNDER DIFFERENT RECIRCULATION INTERVALS OF THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION IN HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS USING BRACKISH WATER     2 ABSTRACT   This study aimed to evaluate the growth and production of lettuce using brackish water under different recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution in hydroponic systems. Two experiments were conducted concomitantly, in a randomized block design with five replicates. Three lettuce cultivars (Gloriosa, Robusta and Tainá) were grown in the same hydroponic channel, under the following interactions: between two hydroponic systems (NFT – Nutrient Film Technique and DFT – Deep Flow Technique, both in PVC tubes) and two levels of electrical conductivity of water – ECw (0.3 and 5.3 dS m–1), in Experiment I; in Experiment II, between the same two levels of ECw (0.3 and 5.3 dS m–1) and three recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution (0.25, 2 and 4 h), only in the DFT system. In Experiment I, in general, hydroponic systems caused no significant changes in the growth and production variables of lettuce. For Experiment II, it was viable to adopt recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution of up to 2 h (cultivar Robusta) and 4 h (cultivars Gloriosa and Tainá) in the DFT system in tubes. Generally, despite the reductions in growth and production of lettuce using brackish water (ECw 5.3 dS m–1), but without deleterious effects on the visual quality of the product for commercialization.   Keywords: Lactuca sativa L., soilless cultivation, dissolved oxygen, salinity, nutrient solution temperature.

scholarly journals Wpływ szczepów bakterii wyizolowanych z hydroponicznej uprawy sałaty (Lactuca sativa L.) na wzrost siewek sałaty, rosnących w obecnosci rożnych form pożywienia azotowego [Influence of bacterial strains isolated from hydroponic cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) on the growth of lettuce seedlings growing in the presence of various forms of nitrogen nutrition]

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Z. Kobierzyńska-Gołąb
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponic Cultures ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

320 bacterial strains isolated from the surface of cultivated plants, as well as from other parts of hydroponic cultures showed stimulating (49 bacterial strains) or inhibitory (9 bacterial strains) properties in respect to the investigated plant. The following bacteria were isolated: <i>Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Agrobacterium, Achromobacter</i> and <i>Chromobacterium</i>. The effects of active bacterial strains on the growth of seedlings were investigated in dependence on the kind of inorganic form of nitrogen present in the nutrient solutions. The same bacterial strains exerted a stimulating effect on seedlings growing on nitrates, weaker stimulation was observed in cultures with ammonium nitrate; the growth of lettuce seedlings on nutrient solution with ammonium only, was, as a rule, inhibited by the bacteria.

scholarly journals Understanding the Morpho-Anatomical, Physiological, and Functional Response of Sweet Basil to Isosmotic Nitrate to Chloride Ratios

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giandomenico Corrado ◽  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Antonio Pannico ◽  
Maria Giordano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Almost All

Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a leafy green with a short-production cycle that is emerging as a model species among aromatic plants. Modulating the mineral composition of the nutrient solution has proved to be a valuable tool to uncover the mechanisms and responses that higher plants adopt in relation to the availability of mineral nutrients. The aim of this work was to examine the effects on basil of four isosmotic nutrient solutions with different nitrate to chloride ratios. These two anions share uptake and transport mechanisms in plants and are often considered antagonist. To this goal, we analyzed morpho-anatomical and physiological parameters as well as quality-related traits, such as the antioxidant capacity, the leaf color, the mineral composition, and the aromatic profile in relation to the nutrient ratios. Moreover, using a full factorial design, we analyzed leaves in two consecutive harvests. The data indicated a broad, multifaceted plant response to the different nutritional ratios, with almost all the recorded parameters involved. Overall, the effects on basil can be explained by considering an interdependent combination of the nitrate and chloride roles in plant nutrition and physiology. Our work revealed the extent of the modification that can be achieved in basil through the modification of the nutrient solution. It also provided indications for more nutrient efficient growing conditions, because a moderate increase in chloride limits the expected negative impact of a sub-optimal nitrate fertilization.

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