The Nucleolus of Large Majority Games

Met dit boek levert Frank Seberechts een nagenoeg volledige studie af van een van de minder fraai kanten van de Belgische samenleving in 1940: de administratieve arrestatie en de wegvoering naar Frankrijk van enkele duizenden personen (de ‘verdachten’), Belgen of in België verblijvende vreemdelingen. De extreem-rechtse en pro-Duitse arrestanten hebben na hun vrijlating dit feit politiek in hun voordeel uitgebaat, waardoor volledig in de schaduw kwam te staan dat de overgrote meerderheid van de weggevoerden joodse mensen waren die in de jaren voor de oorlog naar België waren gevlucht. Dat het beeld van de wegvoeringen niet volledig is, is grotendeels te wijten aan het feit dat de meeste archieven die hierop betrekking hebben tijdens de meidagen van 1940 vernietigd werden. Met name de politieke besluitvorming over de wegvoeringen vertoont nog steeds schemerzones, zodat het vastleggen van verantwoordelijkheden ook vandaag nog een gewaagde onderneming is.________Deportations and the deported during the Maydays in 1940 By means of this book Frank Seberechts provides an almost complete study of one of the less admirable sides of Belgian society in 1940: the administrative arrest and the deportation to France of some thousands of people (‘the suspects’), Belgians or foreigners residing in Belgium. The extreme-right and pro-German detainees politically exploited this fact after they had been freed, but this completely overshadowed the point that the large majority of the deported people were Jews who had fled to Belgium during the years preceding the war. This incomplete portrayal of the deportations is mainly due to the fact that most of the archives relating to the events had been destroyed during the Maydays of 1940. The history of the political decision-making about the deportations in particular still shows many grey areas and it is therefore still a risky business even today to determine which people should be held accountable.

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At the Simla Conference and in the General Elections

10.1093/oso/9780199467099.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

J.S. Grewal

Keyword(s):

Large Degree ◽

Large Majority ◽

Degree Of Polarization ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Executive Council ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

The Future ◽

General Elections ◽

The Right

On Lord Wavell’s initiative, the Simla Conference was held to discuss the proposal of a new executive council and a new constitution for India after the war. Master Tara Singh represented the Sikh community at the Simla Conference. The Conference failed due to Jinnah’s insistence that the Muslim League alone had the right to nominate Muslim representatives on the Executive Council. The failure of the Conference made the general elections of 1945–6 all the more important. The general elections resulted in a large degree of polarization between the Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. The Muslim League got Muslim mandate in favour of Pakistan. The Congress got a mandate of Hindus and a considerable proportion of the Sikhs for independence without partition. The Akalis got support of the large majority of the Sikhs for an independent political entity of the Sikhs. This polarization was of crucial importance for the future.

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Studying Populations of Online Communities

The Oxford Handbook of Networked Communication ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190460518.013.8 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 173-193

Author(s):

Benjamin Mako Hill ◽

Aaron Shaw

Keyword(s):

Online Communities ◽

Information Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Processes ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Population Level ◽

Study Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Large Majority ◽

Community Processes ◽

Published Research

While the large majority of published research on online communities consists of analyses conducted entirely within individual communities, this chapter argues for a population-based approach, in which researchers study groups of similar communities. For example, although there have been thousands of papers published about Wikipedia, a population-based approach might compare all wikis on a particular topic. Using examples from published empirical studies, the chapter describes five key benefits of this approach. First, it argues that population-level research increases the generalizability of findings. Next, it describes four processes and dynamics that are only possible to study using populations: community-level variables, information diffusion processes across communities, ecological dynamics, and multilevel community processes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of a series of limitations and challenges.

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‘Dirt’ in Dialect

English Today ◽

10.1017/s0266078421000183 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Manfred Markus

Keyword(s):

Everyday Life ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Large Majority ◽

Middle Classes ◽

The Common ◽

Everyday Reality ◽

Late Modern

Given today's general bias towards euphemisms (cf. Arif, 2015), the topic of this paper may seem embarrassing and ill-chosen. However, it makes sense to find out to what extent the spoken language of dialects in former centuries correlated with one of the dark sides of everyday reality. In Britain up to the second half of the 19th century, traditional dialect was the common linguistic medium of the large majority of people (the lower and middle classes), just before the norm of ‘King's English’ and, in linguistics, of système, started playing a dominant role. We may assume that the English dialects of the Late Modern English (LModE) period (1700–1900) were a correlative of people's everyday life.

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U.S. ELASTICITIES OF SUBSTITUTION AND FACTOR AUGMENTATION AT THE INDUSTRY LEVEL

Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽

10.1017/s1365100511000733 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 861-897 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Andrew T. Young

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Value Added ◽

The United States ◽

Large Majority ◽

Elasticity Of Substitution ◽

Constant Elasticity ◽

Constant Elasticity Of Substitution ◽

First Order ◽

Industry Level

We provide industry-level estimates of the elasticity of substitution (σ) between capital and labor in the United States. We also estimate rates of factor augmentation. Aggregate estimates are produced. Our empirical model comes from the first-order conditions associated with a constant–elasticity of substitution production function. Our data represent 35 industries at roughly the 2-digit SIC level, 1960–2005. We find that aggregate U.S. σ is likely less than 0.620. σ is likely less than unity for a large majority of individual industries. Evidence also suggests that aggregate σ is less than the value-added share-weighted average of industry σ's. Aggregate technical change appears to be net labor–augmenting. This also appears to be true for the large majority of individual industries, but several industries may be characterized by net capital augmentation. When industry-level elasticity estimates are mapped to model sectors, the manufacturing sector σ is lower than that of services; the investment sector σ is lower than that of consumption.

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COVID-19-related psychological distress and engagement in preventative behaviors among individuals with severe mental illnesses

npj Schizophrenia ◽

10.1038/s41537-021-00136-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amy E. Pinkham ◽

Robert A. Ackerman ◽

Colin A. Depp ◽

Philip D. Harvey ◽

Raeanne C. Moore

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Large Majority ◽

The Past ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Phone Survey ◽

Multiple Behaviors ◽

And Coping

AbstractIndividuals with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) may be disproportionately vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and psychological distress. This study investigated the prevalence of engagement in COVID-19 preventative behaviors, predictors of these behaviors, and COVID-19-related psychological distress. One hundred and sixty-three individuals with SMIs (94 with schizophrenia spectrum illnesses and 69 with affective disorders) and 27 psychiatrically healthy comparison participants were recruited from ongoing studies across 3 sites, to complete a phone survey querying implementation of 8 specific COVID-19 preventative behaviors that participants engaged in at least once in the past month as well as standard assessments of depression, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and coping. Data were collected between 3 April 2020 and 4 June 2020. The large majority of our SMI sample, which consisted of outpatients with relatively mild symptom severity, endorsed engaging in multiple preventative behaviors. Relatively few differences were found between groups; however, individuals with SMI were less likely to work remotely than healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia spectrum illness were less likely to stay home as a preventative measure, wear face masks, and work remotely than individuals with affective disorders. Differences in staying home remained after controlling for potential confounds. Although individuals with SMI reported more psychological distress related to COVID-19, this distress was largely unrelated to engagement in preventative behaviors. The large majority of individuals with SMI in this outpatient sample, regardless of broad diagnostic category, reported performing multiple behaviors intended to prevent COVID-19 infection at least once a month and reported distress associated with the pandemic. These findings suggest a good level of awareness of COVID-19 among stable outpatients with SMI. The degree to which more acutely ill persons with SMI engage in such preventative behaviors, however, remains to be examined.

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Regieren nach oder getrieben von Umfrageergebnissen? Wie Bundes- und Landtagsabgeordnete die mediale Umfrageberichterstattung wahrnehmen

Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen ◽

10.5771/0340-1758-2021-1-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 3-28

Author(s):

Catharina Vögele ◽

Ursula Alexandra Ohliger

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Large Majority ◽

German State ◽

Political Activities ◽

Political Actors ◽

Members Of Parliament ◽

Perceived Benefit ◽

Legal Restrictions ◽

Election Polls ◽

Opinion Polls

This study analyzes how German political actors at the federal and state levels perceive the opportunities and risks of political poll reporting . A quantitative online survey of Members of the Bundestag and all German state parliaments shows that their perceptions are ambivalent: Although they all express great or very great interest in opinion polls, they have ambivalent views on how useful opinion research is for their political activities . With regard to the perceived benefit of poll reporting, the commissioning of opinion polls, and the desired frequency of media poll reporting, differences between the members of parliament surveyed are evident . When analyzing the internal and external use of the results of opinion polls our findings suggest that they are primarily used to strategically plan election campaigns and to identify popular topics . A large majority of members of parliament agree on the possible effects of poll reporting on voters . They view these effects predominantly critically and are in favor of legal restrictions on publishing election polls .

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The influence of WSR-88D intra-volume scanning strategies on thunderstorm observations and warnings in the dual-polarization radar era: 2011-2020

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/waf-d-21-0127.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael M. French

Keyword(s):

Lead Time ◽

Elevation Angle ◽

Large Majority ◽

Dual Polarization ◽

Severe Thunderstorm ◽

Low Level ◽

Tornado Warnings ◽

Scanning Strategies ◽

The Cost ◽

Organized Convection

Abstract The Weather Surveillance Radar - 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network has undergone several improvements in the last decade with the upgrade to dual-polarization capabilities and the ability for forecasters to re-scan the lowest levels of the atmosphere more frequently through the use of Supplemental Adaptive Intra-volume Scanning (SAILS). SAILS reduces the revisit period for scanning the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere but comes at the cost of a longer delay between scans at higher altitudes. This study quantifies how often radar Volume Coverage Patterns (VCPs) and all available SAILS options are used during the issuance of 148,882 severe thunderstorm and 18,263 tornado warnings, and near 10,474 tornado, 58,934 hail, and 127,575 wind reports in the dual-polarization radar era. A large majority of warnings and storm reports were measured with a VCP providing denser low-level sampling coverage. More frequent low-level updates were employed near tornado warnings and reports compared to severe thunderstorm warnings and hail or wind hazards. Warnings issued near a radar providing three extra low-level scans (SAILSx3) were more likely to be verified by a hazard with a positive lead time than warnings with fewer low-level scans. However, extra low-level scans were more frequently used in environments supporting organized convection as shown using watches issued by the Storm Prediction Center. Recently, the number of mid-level radar elevation scans is declining per hour, which can adversely affect the tracking of convective polarimetric signatures, like ZDR columns, which were found above the 0.5° elevation angle in over 99% of cases examined.

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Nerve branching is induced and oriented by a small applied electric field

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.95.4.605 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 605-615

Author(s):

C.D. McCaig

Keyword(s):

Electric Field ◽

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Applied Electric Field ◽

Large Majority ◽

Ganglioside Gm1 ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Extrinsic Cues

Nerve branching is controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic cues, one of which may be a small applied electric field. Lateral processes were induced by passing current through a micropipette placed at 90 degrees to the shaft of a developing nerve. The appearance of processes was a polarised event with a large majority arising from the cathodal facing side of nerves. Whilst an electric field alone may promote branching, the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or the ganglioside GM1 enhanced branching of developing nerves. It is likely that an applied electric field promotes microtubule disassembly locally along the neurite shaft and that this can lead to a polarised rearrangement of the neuronal cyto-skeleton. It is suggested that the use of an applied electric field in conjunction with these pharmacological agents might enhance nerve regeneration in vivo.

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