The concluding chapter uses the analytic framework of the volume to explain the political economy of electricity. First, social welfare concerns continue to play an important part in shaping Indian electricity; policy making in the sector will need to engage these concerns rather than wish them away. Second, successful states have managed to turn a vicious cycle or low level equilibrium between electoral and electricity outcomes into a virtuous cycle, by delivering on a combination of access, price, and service. Third, past reform efforts reform efforts have failed to seriously engage state-specific political contexts but instead sought to carve out zones of depoliticized decision making. We categorize the state cases based on their relative ability to do so. Finally, the conclusion reflects on how a political mapping of power can help understand the future of Indian electricity as it negotiates a growing turn to renewable electricity.