Explaining the Blue Shift in Election Canvassing

AbstractColloidal chemistry techniques were used to synthesize ZnO particles in the nanometer size regime. The particle aging kinetics were determined by monitoring the optical band edge absorption and using the effective mass model to approximate the particle size as a function of time. We show that the growth kinetics of the ZnO particles follow the Lifshitz, Slyozov, Wagner theory for Ostwald ripening. In this model, the higher curvature and hence chemical potential of smaller particles provides a driving force for dissolution. The larger particles continue to grow by diffusion limited transport of species dissolved in solution. Thin films were fabricated by constant current electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the ZnO quantum particles from these colloidal suspensions. All the films exhibited a blue shift relative to the characteristic green emission associated with bulk ZnO. The optical characteristics of the particles in the colloidal suspensions were found to translate to the films.

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Explaining the Blue Shift in Election Canvassing

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2653456 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Edward B. Foley ◽

Charles Stewart III

Keyword(s):

Blue Shift

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Structural and morphological characterization of CdS nanoparticles

Current Physical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1877946810999200730222025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Manish Dwivedi ◽

Vijay Tripathi ◽

Dhruv Kumar ◽

Dwijendra K. Gupta

Keyword(s):

Blue Shift ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Cds Nanoparticles ◽

Cubic Phase ◽

Simple Chemical ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Average Size ◽

Physical Tools

Aims: CdS nanoparticles are an attractive material having application in various field like as pigment in paints, biotag for bioimaging and many more optoelectronic as well as biological applications. Present study aims to synthesize and characterize the CdS nanoparticles to make it applicable in different areas Objectives: Preparation CdS nanoparticles by using simple and facile chemical methods and further physical and structural characterization using various physical tools Methods: In present work CdS nanoparticles has been synthesized by using rationally simple chemical precipitation method with some modi-fication on temperature and incubation time in existed methods. Characterizations were done by employing XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM tech-niques Results: Simple chemical method produces the CdS nanoparticles with the size about 100-200 nm in length and 5-10 nm in diameter. The SEM studies show that the CdS nanoparticles can agglomerate and form a continuous network like structure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show the single-phase formation of CdS nanoparticles with the structure of cubic phase, and the broadening of XRD patterns indicates that the prepared samples are nanostructured. Our analysis on CdS nanoparticles by using transmission electron microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM) revealed that the nanoparticles form both spherical and nearly rod shaped with the average size applicable for biotagging. UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis reveals blue shift in the absorption peak probably caused by quantum confinement Conclusion: The observed CdS nanoparticles were appeared yellow in color. The XRD pattern of the CdS nanoparticles showed that the materials were of nanometric sized regime with a predominantly cubic phase along with the rod and round morphology. The study and char-acterization of CdS nanoparticles will bring us a new approach to understand biological problem by tagging nanoparticles with biomolecules and further suggests that the CdS nanoparticles formulate it more suitable biocompatible nanomaterial for biotagging and bioimaging

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Controlled Synthesis of CuS and Cu9S5 and Their Application in the Photocatalytic Mineralization of Tetracycline

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11080899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 899

Author(s):

Murendeni P. Ravele ◽

Opeyemi A. Oyewo ◽

Damian C. Onwudiwe

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Visible Light ◽

Blue Shift ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Copper Sulfides ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Single Source Precursor ◽

Pure Phase ◽

Pure Phases

Pure-phase Cu2−xS (x = 1, 0.2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by the thermal decomposition of copper(II) dithiocarbamate as a single-source precursor in oleylamine as a capping agent. The compositions of the Cu2−xS nanocrystals varied from CuS (covellite) through the mixture of phases (CuS and Cu7.2S4) to Cu9S5 (digenite) by simply varying the temperature of synthesis. The crystallinity and morphology of the copper sulfides were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed pure phases at low (120 °C) and high (220 °C) temperatures and a mixture of phases at intermediate temperatures (150 and 180 °C). Covellite was of a spherical morphology, while digenite was rod shaped. The optical properties of these nanocrystals were characterized by UV−vis–NIR and photoluminescence spectroscopies. Both samples had very similar absorption spectra but distinguishable fluorescence properties and exhibited a blue shift in their band gap energies compared to bulk Cu2−xS. The pure phases were used as catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible-light irradiation. The results demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of the digenite phase exhibited higher catalytic degradation of 98.5% compared to the covellite phase, which showed 88% degradation within the 120 min reaction time using 80 mg of the catalysts. The higher degradation efficiency achieved with the digenite phase was attributed to its higher absorption of the visible light compared to covellite.

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Measurement and analysis of blue shift on the helium 492.2 nm line in a liquid corona discharge

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer ◽

10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 255 ◽

pp. 107248

Author(s):

J. Rosato ◽

N. Bonifaci

Keyword(s):

Corona Discharge ◽

Blue Shift ◽

Measurement And Analysis

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Effects of Accumulated Energy on Nanoparticle Formation in Pulsed-Laser Dewetting of AgCu Thin Films

Nanoscale Research Letters ◽

10.1186/s11671-021-03564-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

H. K. Lin ◽

C. W. Huang ◽

Y. H. Lin ◽

W. S. Chuang ◽

J. C. Huang

Keyword(s):

Pulsed Laser ◽

Blue Shift ◽

High Energy ◽

Low Energy ◽

Nanoparticle Formation ◽

Energy Accumulation ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Peak Absorption ◽

Two Peaks ◽

Sputtering System

AbstractAg50Cu50 films were deposited on glass substrates by a sputtering system. Effects of accumulated energy on nanoparticle formation in pulse-laser dewetting of AgCu films were investigated. The results showed that the properties of the dewetted films were found to be dependent on the magnitude of the energy accumulated in the film. For a low energy accumulation, the two distinct nanoparticles had rice-shaped/Ag60Cu40 and hemispherical/Ag80Cu20. Moreover, the absorption spectra contained two peaks at 700 nm and 500 nm, respectively. By contrast, for a high energy accumulation, the nanoparticles had a consistent composition of Ag60Cu40, a mean diameter of 100 nm and a peak absorption wavelength of 550 nm. Overall, the results suggest that a higher Ag content of the induced nanoparticles causes a blue shift of the absorption spectrum, while a smaller particle size induces a red shift.

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Research on Molecular Structure and Electronic Properties of Ln3+ (Ce3+, Tb3+, Pr3+)/Li+ and Eu2+ Co-Doped Sr2Si5N8 via DFT Calculation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1849

Author(s):

Ziqian Yin ◽

Meijuan Li ◽

Jianwen Zhang ◽

Qiang Shen

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Energy Level ◽

Density Functional ◽

Formation Energy ◽

Electronic Band Structure ◽

Blue Shift ◽

Lanthanide Ions ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Electronic Band ◽

Charge Imbalance

We use density functional theory (DFT) to study the molecular structure and electronic band structure of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ doped with trivalent lanthanides (Ln3+ = Ce3+, Tb3+, Pr3+). Li+ was used as a charge compensator for the charge imbalance caused by the partial replacement of Sr2+ by Ln3+. The doping of Ln lanthanide atom causes the structure of Sr2Si5N8 lattice to shrink due to the smaller atomic radius of Ln3+ and Li+ compared to Sr2+. The doped structure’s formation energy indicates that the formation energy of Li+, which is used to compensate for the charge imbalance, is the lowest when the Sr2 site is doped. Thus, a suitable Li+ doping site for double-doped lanthanide ions can be provided. In Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+, the doped Ce3+ can occupy partly the site of Sr12+ ([SrN8]), while Eu2+ accounts for Sr12+ and Sr22+ ([SrN10]). When the Pr3+ ion is selected as the dopant in Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+, Pr3+ and Eu2+ would replace Sr22+ simultaneously. In this theoretical model, the replacement of Sr2+ by Tb3+ cannot exist reasonably. For the electronic structure, the energy level of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+/Li+ doped with Ce3+ and Pr3+ appears at the bottom of the conduction band or in the forbidden band, which reduces the energy bandgap of Sr2Si5N8. We use DFT+U to adjust the lanthanide ion 4f energy level. The adjusted 4f-CBM of CeSr1LiSr1-Sr2Si5N8 is from 2.42 to 2.85 eV. The energy range of 4f-CBM in PrSr1LiSr1-Sr2Si5N8 is 2.75–2.99 eV and its peak is 2.90 eV; the addition of Ce3+ in EuSr1CeSr1LiSr1 made the 4f energy level of Eu2+ blue shift. The addition of Pr3+ in EuSr2PrSr2LiSr1 makes part of the Eu2+ 4f energy level blue shift. Eu2+ 4f energy level in EuSr2CeSr1LiSr1 is not in the forbidden band, so Eu2+ is not used as the emission center.

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Properties of spoof plasmon in thin structures

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2018.0205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 474 (2220) ◽

pp. 20180205

Author(s):

Soumitra Roy Joy ◽

Hao Yu ◽

Pinaki Mazumder

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Wide Band ◽

Blue Shift ◽

Plasmon Mode ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Thin Structures ◽

Enhanced Sensitivity ◽

Optical Modes ◽

Specific Frequency ◽

Modulation Rate

Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) is an exotic electromagnetic state that confines light at a subwavelength scale at a design-specific frequency. It has been known for a while that spoof plasmon mode can exist in planar, thin structures with dispersion properties similar to that of its wide three-dimensional structure counterpart. We, however, have shown that spoof plasmons in thin structures possess some unique properties that remain unexplored. Our analysis reveals that the field interior to SSPP waveguide can achieve an exceptional hyperbolic spatial dependence, which can explain why spoof plasma resonance incurs red-shift with the reduction of the waveguide thickness, whereas common wisdom suggests frequency blue-shift of a resonant structure with its size reduction. In addition, we show that strong confinement can be achieved over a wide band in thin spoof plasmon structure, ranging from the spoof plasma frequency up to a lower frequency considerably away from the resonant point. The nature of lateral confinement in thin SSPP structures may enable interesting applications involving fast modulation rate due to enhanced sensitivity of optical modes without compromising modal confinement.

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