Gravitational Energy Levels: Part Two: مستويات طاقة الجاذبية: الجزء الثاني

We present here a model that explains in a simple, easy and summarized manner, the values, meaning and reasons for the force of gravity, using simple physical tools. According to this model, a gravitational field actually creates different energy levels, similar to the atom, around the center of mass of the gravitational source, and a transition between the energy levels results in the creation of the force of weight acting on each small body which is in the gravitational field. As the body approaches a gravitational field, its energy value decreases to a value of m0u2(R), proportional to the distance R between the centers of the masses, when u(R) is the magnitude of the self-speed of light vector (the progression in the time axis) of the small body, and its value decreases as it approaches the center of the origin of the field. This change in the energy levels is the cause of the force of gravity. A formula is obtained for the concept of potential gravitational energy and the variables on which it depends, and for the time differences between two frames that are in the gravitational field, taking into account the motion and location of each frame. It is obtained from this model that the speed of light is also a variable value as a result of the effect of the gravitational field.

The effect of sub-climatic characteristics on urban behavior patterns based on two case studies: Yazd (hot and arid climate) and Fooman (moderate and humid climate) urban spaces

Severe climatic conditions are considered as one of the main factors shaping and in some cases limiting urban behaviors. Accordingly, environmental designers seek to make urban spaces usable for a wide range of behaviors during different times by bringing sub-climates closer to the comfort zone. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of sub-climate on behavioral patterns and explore solutions to moderate harsh climatic conditions in architecture and urban planning. This study compared the behavioral patterns of space users in hot and arid (Yazd) and moderate and humid (Fooman) climates. The recording of behavioral patterns was achieved by using the observation method (time-lapse photography) and analysis through the spatial analysis method. Based on the results, climatic characteristics affect both types of urban activities and the time cycles of their occurrence. Severe climatic conditions limit urban behaviors to essential activities and merely transcend space. Such states do not allow for a wide range of optional and social activities. Spatial physical tools such as building density, enclosure, occupancy level, amount of retreat on the ground floor and upper floors, type of building material, and the amount of green space have been used in historical formal-spatial patterns of Iran to moderate the harsh climatic conditions.

Evaluation of HMDs by QFD for Augmented Reality Applications in the Maxillofacial Surgery Domain

Today, surgical operations are less invasive than they were a few decades ago and, in medicine, there is a growing trend towards precision surgery. Among many technological advancements, augmented reality (AR) can be a powerful tool for improving the surgery practice through its ability to superimpose the 3D geometrical information of the pre-planned operation over the surgical field as well as medical and instrumental information gathered from operating room equipment. AR is fundamental to reach new standards in maxillofacial surgery. The surgeons will be able to not shift their focus from the patients while looking to the monitors. Osteotomies will not require physical tools to be fixed on patient bones as guides to make resections. Handling grafts and 3D models directly in the operating room will permit a fine tuning of the procedure before harvesting the implant. This article aims to study the application of AR head-mounted displays (HMD) in three operative scenarios (oncological and reconstructive surgery, orthognathic surgery, and maxillofacial trauma surgery) by the means of quantitative logic using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) tool to determine their requirements. The article provides an evaluation of the readiness degree of HMD currently on market and highlights the lacking features.

Removing the ceiling on droplet microfluidics

We developed an open channel droplet microfluidics system that autonomously generates droplets by utilizing competing hydrostatic and capillary pressure. With only our open channel PTFE device, pipettes, and commercially available carrier fluid, we produce hundreds of microliter droplets; tubing, electronics, or pumps are not required, making droplet technology feasible for research labs without external flow generators. Furthermore, we demonstrated conceptual applications that showcase the process of droplet generation, splitting, transport, incubation, mixing, and sorting in our system. Unlike conventional droplet microfluidics, the open nature of the device enables the use of physical tools such as tweezers and styli to directly access the system; with this, we developed a new method of droplet sorting and transfer that capitalizes on the Cheerios effect, the aggregation of buoyant objects along a liquid interface. Our open channel platform offers enhanced usability, direct access to the droplet contents, easy manufacturability, compact footprint, and high customizability.

X-in-the-Loop technology for research and development of electric vehicles

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The article describes an X-in-the-Loop system intended for cyber-physical tests of electric vehicle's chassis components. The system allows connecting and synchronizing laboratories located in different geographic regions.The purpose of the study is to elaborate an X-in-the-Loop system allowing to perform geographically-scattered cyber-physical testing of the components belonging to an electric vehicle chassis.Methodology and research methods. The elaboration of the X-in-the-Loop system involves methods of cyber-physical testing whose functionality is extended by means of connecting and synchronizing the tested objects via a global network.Scientific novelty and results. A new research and development technology has been proposed for electric vehicles allowing for cooperation of geographically scattered laboratories within a real-time coherent environment that synchronizes tests of the electric vehicle components (both hardware and software) belonging to those laboratories.The practical significance. The proposed technology provides researchers and developers in the field of electric vehicles with advanced cyber-physical tools allowing them to increase the effectiveness of their cooperative work and shorten the time needed for producing development or research results.

Machine Learning Based Computer Vision Application for Visually Disabled People

With the easy availability of technology, smartphones are playing an important role in every person’s life. Also, with the advancements in computer vision based research, Automatic Driving cars, Object Recognition, Depth Map Prediction, Object Distance Estimation, have reached commendable levels of intelligence and accuracy. Combining the research and technological advancements, we can be hopeful in creating a computer vision based mobile-application which will help guide visually disabled people in performing their day to day tasks with easily available mobile applications. With our study, the visually disabled can perform simple tasks like outdoor/indoor navigation without encountering obstacles, also they can avoid accidental collisions with objects in their surroundings. Currently, there are very few applications which provide the same assistance to the visually impaired. Using physical tools like sticks is a very common practice when it comes to avoiding obstacles in a visually disabled person’s path. Our study will be focused on object detection and depth estimation techniques- two of the most popular and advanced fields in Intelligent Computer vision studies. We have explored more on the traditional challenges and future hopes of incorporating these techniques on embedded devices.