Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS-Attributed Mortalities and Associated Socioeconomic Demographic Factors in Papua New Guinea: Evidence From the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang Nguyen Nguyen Pham ◽  
Norah Abori ◽  
Vinson D. Silas ◽  
Ronny Jorry ◽  
William Pomat
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Measuring Wasting and Stunting Prevalence Among Children Under 5 Years of Age and Associated Risk Factors in Papua New Guinea: New Evidence From the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang Nguyen Pham ◽  
Vinson D. Silas ◽  
Anthony D. Okely ◽  
William Pomat
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Papua New Guinea (PNG) has undergone a significant health transition, with the prevalence of non-communicable diseases increasing. Many children under 5 years of age suffer from the burden of malnutrition. While wasting and stunting still remain high, children who are overweight and obese are reportedly increasing.Objective: This study reports the prevalence of wasting, stunting, underweight, and overweight children under five in PNG and explores potential household and maternal socioeconomic factors associated with malnutrition.Method: Data were drawn from the Comprehensive Health and Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHESS) in PNG. Height and weight were directly measured, and wasting, stunting, overweight, and underweight statistics were determined using the 2006 WHO Standard Growth Standards. Household and maternal factors were assessed with parent interviews conducted by trained data collectors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to report associations between selected socioeconomic correlates and child malnutrition outcomes.Result: The prevalence of wasting, stunting, underweight, and overweight children was 13.8, 46.5, 18.2, and 18%, respectively. Children from households with food shortage were more likely to be wasted than those from households without such an experience [OR: 1.43 (95% CI: 0.93–2.21)]. Children from the poor quintile were more likely to be stunted than those from the richest quintile [OR: 1.2 (95% CI: 0.79–1.82)]. Other factors associated with wasting included living in an urban vs. rural area [OR: 1.36 (0.77–2.4)], middle household wealth quintile vs. richest quintile [OR: 0.77 (0.38–1.55)], mothers in union with a man vs. mother unmarried or live in union [OR: 0.76 (0.4–1.42)], and male children vs. female [OR: 0.77 (0.53–1.11)]. Factors associated with stunting included residing in urban vs. rural areas [OR: 1.13 (0.8–1.6)], mother in union vs. single mother [OR: 0.86 (0.59–1.24)], and mothers with preparatory/elementary vs. mothers with vocational/college education [OR: 0.15 (0.02–1.01)].Conclusion: An integrated approach is needed to comprehensively address the household socioeconomic factors at the household level, contributing to the improvement of child health and development in PNG.

scholarly journals Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
Olzeno Trevisan ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Renato Moreira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The State ◽  
High Index ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs on HIV/AIDS Among Tertiary Students in Papua New Guinea

2011 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Orathinkal Jose ◽  
Keri Totona ◽  
Alphonse Begani ◽  
Tuka Andew ◽  
Bob Tombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Hiv Aids

Homicide Epidemic in Cali, Colombia: A Surveillance System Data Analysis, 1993‒2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guerrero-Velasco ◽  
Víctor Hugo Muñoz ◽  
Alberto Concha-Eastman ◽  
Álvaro J. Pretel-Meneses ◽  
Maria I. Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Objectives. To examine homicide rates in Cali, Colombia, during the 1993–2018 period, using information derived from an interagency surveillance system. Methods. We used homicide data from Cali’s Epidemiological Surveillance System to examine homicide trends by victim’s age and sex, time, and type of method used. We estimated trend changes and the annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression analyses. Results. Homicide rates per 100 000 inhabitants dropped from 102 in 1993 to 47.8 in 2018. We observed reductions in homicide rates across age and sex groups. Most homicide victims were men aged 20 to 39 years from poor, marginalized areas. Firearms were used in 84.9% of all cases. The average annual percentage change for the entire period was −3.6 (95% confidence interval = −6.7, −0.4). Conclusions. Fluctuations in homicide rates in Cali show a clear epidemic pattern, occurring concurrently with the “crack epidemic” in different countries. Reliable and timely information provided by an Epidemiological Surveillance System allowed opportune formulation of public policies to reduce the impact of violence in Cali. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306254 )

scholarly journals Profiling Cases With Nonrespiratory Symptoms and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽  
Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽  
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Carlos A Fermín-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Márquez-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Abstract We profiled cases with nonrespiratory symptoms (NRS) and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections assessed within Mexico City’s Epidemiological Surveillance System. Initially asymptomatic or NRS cases have decreased risk of adverse outcomes compared with cases with respiratory symptoms. Comorbidity and age influence symptom development in initially asymptomatic cases.

Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Tagoon Prappre ◽  
Pakamas Pairot ◽  
Nurlisa Oumudee ◽  
Monir Islam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Automatic Data Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.

scholarly journals Behaviours That Put Female Youth at Risk of Human  Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted  Infections in Gerehu, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anna Sirimai Naemon
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Port Moresby ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>The HIV and AIDS epidemic in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is growing at an alarming rate according to recent statistics and is increasingly affecting the young people. The majority of all known HIV cases are in young people below the age of 35 years. A crucial task remains for PNG to provide protection and safety for young people (who comprise more than 50% of the country's 5.2 million people) from the risk of sexual infections, harm and death. Whilst risk of infections are inevitably real and alive in local communities and seriously challenging youth, unfortunately, this group, poorly educated, unemployed, unheard and unsupported by service providers, disempowered and financially and socially vulnerable stand the highest risk of been affected by HIV/AIDS and STIs. The main aim of this study was to examine sexual behaviours and practices of female youth including their exposure to sexual violence and the protection strategies used. Amongst other things, this study also assessed how much female youth know and understand about HIV/AIDS and STIs including access to HIV and sexual health services. A standard questionnaire was completed through faceto-face interviews with 63 out-of-school and unemployed1 female youth (age 15-24) in the suburb of Gerehu in Port Moresby, PNG. The research identified some unsafe behaviours and vulnerable factors that are contributing to increase risk of HIV and STI for female youth in Gerehu. Female Youth women are inadequately educated about sex, sexual relationships, causes and nature of sexual infections, they own risks and sexual behavioural practices, condom negotiation skills, sexual coercion, stigma related risk, access to sexual treatment and services and how competing gender and socio-cultural factors create, perpetuate and increase risk of infection for them. Unless female youth adequately know these factors they are not able to avoid risk and protect themselves from HIV and STIs.</p>

scholarly journals Rabies in herbivores in the state of Piauí during 2007 to 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Ana Virginia Piauilino SANTOS ◽  
Mikaela Lopes de CALDAS ◽  
Manoel Henrique KLEIN JUNIOR ◽  
Airton Leôncio Dutra da SILVA ◽  
Francisco Das Chagas CARDOSO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Result ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Rabies is an acute contagious infectious disease, mainly characterized by nervous symptoms that can affect all mammals. It is characterized by sometimes signs of aggression, and others by paresis, paralysis and acute viral encephalitis. This study aimed to describe, by using the basis of the data recorded in the Continental Epidemiological Surveillance System , SivCont, the epidemiological profile of rabies of herbivores in Piauí in 2007 to 2011. Durante the period there were reported 66 cases of nervous syndromes in the state of Piaui, where 35 cases were confirmed positive laboratory result for rabies in herbivores, and of this total, 94%were in cattle. Also noted is that there are areas in the state of Piaui without nerve syndromes notifications, showing the complete "epidemiological silence", suggesting situations of underreporting, even when in the vicinity there have been outbreaks of disease. Situations like this suggests the necessity of an increase in animal health protection actions, actions in health education, covering all segments of the community and intensifying surveillance activities.

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