Homicide Epidemic in Cali, Colombia: A Surveillance System Data Analysis, 1993‒2018

Objectives. To examine homicide rates in Cali, Colombia, during the 1993–2018 period, using information derived from an interagency surveillance system. Methods. We used homicide data from Cali’s Epidemiological Surveillance System to examine homicide trends by victim’s age and sex, time, and type of method used. We estimated trend changes and the annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression analyses. Results. Homicide rates per 100 000 inhabitants dropped from 102 in 1993 to 47.8 in 2018. We observed reductions in homicide rates across age and sex groups. Most homicide victims were men aged 20 to 39 years from poor, marginalized areas. Firearms were used in 84.9% of all cases. The average annual percentage change for the entire period was −3.6 (95% confidence interval = −6.7, −0.4). Conclusions. Fluctuations in homicide rates in Cali show a clear epidemic pattern, occurring concurrently with the “crack epidemic” in different countries. Reliable and timely information provided by an Epidemiological Surveillance System allowed opportune formulation of public policies to reduce the impact of violence in Cali. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306254 )

Download Full-text

Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822012000300023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 395-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽

Olzeno Trevisan ◽

Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽

Renato Moreira Rosa

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Rhodnius Prolixus ◽

The State ◽

High Index ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Digestive Tube ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

Download Full-text

Profiling Cases With Nonrespiratory Symptoms and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Mexico City

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1288 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽

Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽

Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽

Carlos A Fermín-Martínez ◽

Alejandro Márquez-Salinas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Mexico City ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Symptom Development ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

Abstract We profiled cases with nonrespiratory symptoms (NRS) and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections assessed within Mexico City’s Epidemiological Surveillance System. Initially asymptomatic or NRS cases have decreased risk of adverse outcomes compared with cases with respiratory symptoms. Comorbidity and age influence symptom development in initially asymptomatic cases.

Download Full-text

Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand

Health Informatics Journal ◽

10.1177/1460458216628312 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 109-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽

Tagoon Prappre ◽

Pakamas Pairot ◽

Nurlisa Oumudee ◽

Monir Islam

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Newborn Health ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Maternal And Newborn Health ◽

Web Based ◽

Automatic Data ◽

Automatic Data Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽

Maternal And Newborn

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.

Download Full-text

Rabies in herbivores in the state of Piauí during 2007 to 2011

Acta Veterinaria Brasilica ◽

10.21708/avb.2016.10.3.5609 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Ana Virginia Piauilino SANTOS ◽

Mikaela Lopes de CALDAS ◽

Manoel Henrique KLEIN JUNIOR ◽

Airton Leôncio Dutra da SILVA ◽

Francisco Das Chagas CARDOSO FILHO

Keyword(s):

Infectious Disease ◽

Health Education ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Viral Encephalitis ◽

Animal Health ◽

The State ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Laboratory Result ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

Rabies is an acute contagious infectious disease, mainly characterized by nervous symptoms that can affect all mammals. It is characterized by sometimes signs of aggression, and others by paresis, paralysis and acute viral encephalitis. This study aimed to describe, by using the basis of the data recorded in the Continental Epidemiological Surveillance System , SivCont, the epidemiological profile of rabies of herbivores in Piauí in 2007 to 2011. Durante the period there were reported 66 cases of nervous syndromes in the state of Piaui, where 35 cases were confirmed positive laboratory result for rabies in herbivores, and of this total, 94%were in cattle. Also noted is that there are areas in the state of Piaui without nerve syndromes notifications, showing the complete "epidemiological silence", suggesting situations of underreporting, even when in the vicinity there have been outbreaks of disease. Situations like this suggests the necessity of an increase in animal health protection actions, actions in health education, covering all segments of the community and intensifying surveillance activities.

Download Full-text

Epidemic Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Regions of Siberia with Various Prevalence of HIV Infection

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention ◽

10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-5-31-35 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. A. Pasechnik ◽

V. L. Stasenko ◽

A. I. Bloh

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Federal District ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Siberian Federal District ◽

Short Term ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

On the territory of the Siberian Federal District 2005 - 2014 period was characterized by a moderate tendency to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and marked increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The subjects of the Siberian Federal District, the prevalence of HIV infection in which exceeded the level of 705.0 per 100 thousand people, had significant differences in the incidence rates of tuberculosis (115.4), the prevalence of tuberculosis (278.6 per 100 thousand), disability (73.3 per 100 thousand) and deaths from TB infection (25.5 per 100 thousand). The unfavorable short-term outlook for the morbidity of HIV-associated tuberculosis requires a change in approaches to epidemiological surveillance system for HIV and TB.

Download Full-text

Impact of Wearing Masks, Hand Hygiene, and Social Distancing on Influenza, Enterovirus, and All-Cause Pneumonia During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Retrospective National Epidemiological Surveillance Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/21257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. e21257 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nan-Chang Chiu ◽

Hsin Chi ◽

Yu-Lin Tai ◽

Chun-Chih Peng ◽

Cheng-Yin Tseng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Social Distancing ◽

First Case ◽

The Impact

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an important health crisis worldwide. Several strategies were implemented to combat COVID-19, including wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing. The impact of these strategies on COVID-19 and other viral infections remains largely unclear. Objective We aim to investigate the impact of implemented infectious control strategies on the incidences of influenza, enterovirus infection, and all-cause pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We utilized the electronic database of the Taiwan National Infectious Disease Statistics System and extracted incidences of COVID-19, influenza virus, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia. We compared the incidences of these diseases from week 45 of 2016 to week 21 of 2020 and performed linear regression analyses. Results The first case of COVID-19 in Taiwan was reported in late January 2020 (week 4). Infectious control strategies have been promoted since late January. The influenza virus usually peaks in winter and decreases around week 14. However, a significant decrease in influenza was observed after week 6 of 2020. Regression analyses produced the following results: 2017, R2=0.037; 2018, R2=0.021; 2019, R2=0.046; and 2020, R2=0.599. A dramatic decrease in all-cause pneumonia was also reported (R2 values for 2017-2020 were 0.435, 0.098, 0.352, and 0.82, respectively). Enterovirus had increased by week 18 in 2017-2019, but this was not observed in 2020. Conclusions Using this national epidemiological database, we found a significant decrease in cases of influenza, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing may contribute not only to the prevention of COVID-19 but also to the decline of other respiratory infectious diseases. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship.

Download Full-text

Brazilian Foodborne Disease National Survey: Evaluating the Landscape after 11 Years of Implementation to Advance Research, Policy, and Practice in Public Health

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010040 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Cainara Draeger ◽

Rita Akutsu ◽

Renata Zandonadi ◽

Izabel da Silva ◽

Raquel Botelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Research Policy ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Health Department ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Foodborne Disease ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Public And Private ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

The poor control of public and private agencies regarding the quality of foods offered to populations has a significant impact on the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Precise information about foodborne diseases (FBD) can adequately inform policy-makers and help to allocate appropriate resources for the control of food safety. This study aimed to evaluate the Brazilian foodborne disease landscape after 11 years of implementation of the Epidemiological Surveillance System of Foodborne Diseases. The study analyzed secondary data from the National System of Injuries and Notifications (SINAN-NET), available from the Health Department. We evaluated the characteristics of FBD, such as the food involved, the location of ingestion, the total time to the outcome investigation, the microorganism involved and deaths. We also calculated the global incidence, mortality and lethality rates of the country. There were 7630 FBD outbreaks in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of Foodborne Diseases (VE-DTA). Of the registered reports, a total of 134,046 individuals were sick with FBD; 19,394 were hospitalized, and there were 127 registered deaths. We found a coefficient of incidence of FBD of 67.57 per 100,000 inhabitants; a mortality coefficient of 0.06 per 100,000 inhabitants and lethality of 0.09% over the 11 years investigated. Data are probably underreported since the VE-DTA system lacks completeness, and because FBD symptoms are mostly mild, a large part of the population does not seek care from health services.

Download Full-text