Assessing the possibility of using dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites at the Kedrovoe feldspar deposit

Introduction. Feldspar raw material is a natural source of silica, alumina, and alkali metal oxides. Each type of feldspar is distinguished by its applications and concentration methods. The main effective method of feldspar raw material concentration is flotation in the course of which the majority of harmful impurities are separated. However, this method is rather costly due to flotation reagents purchase, tailings ponds organization and maintenance, etc. Research relevance. Feldspar dry concertation technologies are promising in terms of resource-saving but uncommon. So, the development of a dry concertation technology for feldspar raw materials seems highly relevant. Research objective is to study the possibility of employing dry concentration technology to process feldspar raw materials at the new Kedrovoe deposit Methods of research. Laboratory equipment of JSC Uralmekhanobr was used for the research, namely centrifugal crusher DC-0.5; centrifugal deflection mill; laboratory-scale cascade classifier; dry electromagnetic separator SMS-20M ITOMAK, and tribo electrostatic separator. Results. The trials confirmed that it is possible to process Kedrovoe feldspar raw materials by dry methods and effectively use centrifugal crushing and grinding as preparation of raw materials for concentration. Feldspar concentrate with a mass fraction of Fe2O3 – 0.30%; SiO2 – 69.42%; Al2O3 – 17.36%; K2O + Na2O – 11.84% has been obtained, which meets the specifications. Conclusions. The technological studies confirmed the possibility in principle of using feldspar raw material dry concentration for oxidized pegmatite and granites of the Kedrovoe deposit at the processing plant of Malyshevskoe Ore Management JSC. Saleable feldspar concentrate has been obtained.

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A Review on Processing and Properties of Bottom Ash Based Geopolymer Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 660 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Laila Mardiah Deraman ◽

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽

Liew Yun Ming ◽

Kamarudin Hussin ◽

Zarina Yahya

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Silicate Solution ◽

Raw Material ◽

Silica Alumina ◽

Curing Method ◽

Geopolymer Material

Geopolymerization are chemical reaction between raw material and alkaline activator where a rapid change of some partial armorphous, specific structure into a compact cemented framework. It was treated with an alkali silicate solution at 45 – 80 °C whereas it’s formed from reaction of mineral clays or aluminosilicate-bearing industrial waste. The previous study about geopolymer has been done for many years due to the physical and chemical properties which is suitable to use in the construction industry. A Geopolymer material that was containing most Silica (Si) and Aluminium (Al) is such as fly ash, bottom ash, metakaolin and ground granulate blast slag (GGBS). Bottom ash is produced from coal fired thermal power plant and has a physical characteristic similar as sand or gravel sand that makes it ideal for industrial application like a green concrete. The different performance of geopolymer is according to the different content of silica, alumina and calcium. To obtain the best geopolymer material, parameter of raw materials content, the types and ratio of alkaline activators also the curing method will affect the high result of compressive strength. This paper will summarize a previous researchers work about the alkali-activated binder in geopolymer raw materials to become green product.

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Ultrasound Drying of Rose Hips: a Process Study

Food Processing Techniques and Technology ◽

10.21603/2074-9414-2020-1-79-86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

Elena Verboloz ◽

Marina Ivanova ◽

Vera Demchenko ◽

Sergey Fartukov ◽

Nikita Evona

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

State Standard ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Drying Process ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Drying Time

Introduction. Rose hips are rich in macro- and micronutrients. Unfortunately, heat treatment destroys most nutrients. Ultrasonic technologies make it possible to reduce the drying time and lower the temperature regime. The research objective was to adjust ultrasound technology to rose hip production in order to reduce the loss of vitamins and improve the quality indicators of the dried product. Study objects and methods. The research featured rose hips of the Rosa canina species collected in the south of Kazakhstan. This subspecies of wild rose is poor in vitamin C. Nevertheless, this shrub is extremely common in Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The raw material was dried according to standard methods. One group of samples was treated with ultrasound, while the other served as control. Both groups underwent a sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture and vitamin C. Results and discussion. The rose hips were dried in a combination steam oven with a built-in ultrasonic wave generator. The research revealed the following optimal parameters of the ultrasound drying process: frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 22 kHz, processing time – 2.5 h, temperature in the combination steam oven – +56°C, initial moisture content – 30%. The resulting product met the requirements of State Standard. The loss of moisture was 57%. According to State Standard 1994-93, the initial moisture content should be 15% or less. Time decreased from 360 min to 160 min, and the initial moisture was 13%. The experiment confirmed the initial hypothesis that ultrasonic treatment improves the drying process by improving quality indicators and preserving vitamin C in raw materials using. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment during moisture removal from rose hips provides a resource-saving technology that fulfills an economically and socially important function.

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Building Ecomaterials Based on Secondary Raw Material

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 284 ◽

pp. 916-921

Author(s):

Mihail Gerasimovich Bruyako ◽

L. Grigoryeva

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Household Waste ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Moisture Resistance ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Urgent Task ◽

Environmentally Safe

Mineral raw natural resources are not unlimited. Preservation of such non-renewable resources is the most urgent task of mankind. The development of non-waste technologies, the integrated use of secondary raw materials, which simultaneously reduces environmental damage - one of the ways to solve environmental problems. Utilization of wastes makes it possible to solve issues of environmental protection as well as resource saving. In the light of environmental requirements, building materials based on recycled materials, including cellulose-containing solid waste, have significant advantages over other traditional materials. Development of technology for obtaining new effective environmentally safe composite highly filled materials based on cellulose-containing solid household waste for the production of construction products is a rational link in solving the general problem of improving the environmental situation. In the article there are three main ways of combining gypsum binder with cellulose-containing solid household waste. Investigations were carried out on the effect of changing the ratio of cardboard / gypsum binder, specific pressing pressure, sequence of combination of components on the properties of the final product. The strength of the material was determined from the values of the flexural strength, the compression to complete destruction of the sample, and at 10% deformation. Studies have been carried out to increase moisture resistance. The results showed that the most optimal way of combining is the 2 way. The increase in moisture resistance is significantly enhanced by the action of organosilicon hydrophobisers.

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SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN LAPORAN BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA PERUSAHAAN CV SURYA PRATAMA GEMILANG

10.31227/osf.io/hrx4y ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

LUSSAR GERRYCIA GUNAWAN ◽

Iriyadi

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Accounting Information ◽

Production Costs ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

Record System

Development of competitive businesses have triggered changes in the various methods of business management to streamline labor costs, overhead costs and raw material costs in improving product quality. Manufacturing companies are in a period of dynamic transformation that requires the manufacturers to always expand its business to survive and have strong competitiveness in addition to the company must have a strategy for its business organization, strategies must be developed by the company in addition to developing the company's products also must develop the data processing. Every company should be able to do if financial data appropriately and accurately to support the company's business decisions. For that a corporate leader needs a tool to control the company, the tool is a useful accounting information system to present the report production costs properly. Hopefully, by the system of all the activities of the company can be run according to plan and to minimize deviations or errors that occur which could harm the company.Object of research chosen by the authors is the company CV Surya Pratama Gemilang, a medium-sized manufacturing company that produces a variety of bacterial decomposition and laboratory equipment. The company has a systematic record system and computerized production and there are some systems that are still made manually as demand for raw materials from the production to the warehouse with a waffle sometimes only just though the procedure had to use a memo for taking raw materials from the warehouse. In doing production company CV Surya Pratama Gemilang processing raw materials into finished products based on processes that make the production process according to the requirement or determination of the barn, so when the warehouse inventory is less than the policy-setting in the warehouse, the company started production to meet the needs of the provisions in the warehouse. From the nature of the production process suitable production cost calculation is based on the cost method (Process Costing).Keywords: Accounting Information Systems, report production costs, Cost Based Process

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Development of the smelting technology of complex aluminum-chrome-silicon-containing ASC alloy from substandard raw materials

Izvestiya Ferrous Metallurgy ◽

10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-714-720 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 714-720

Author(s):

A. S. Orlov ◽

A. Z. Isagulov ◽

O. R. Sariev ◽

M. Zh. Tolymbekov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Furnace Operation ◽

Reducing Agent ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Complex Alloy ◽

The Rich

Scientists of the Chemical-Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev develop new types of highly effective alloys based on resource-saving technologies that allow the complex processing of natural and technogenic raw materials, such as carbonaceous waste, chrome ore fines, etc. Therefore, it has led to the creation of a onestage, slag-free and non-waste technology with the maximum use of all useful charge components. With disappearance of rich ore reserves, as well as the expansion of demand for raw materials and the development of technology, the rich ores are replaced by poorer and substandard ones that require new methods of processing. The maximum use of raw materials and industrial waste, if this is economically justified, is one of the basic requirements for the technology. This task is closely intertwined, and in many cases coincides with another task – the development of integrated methods of raw materials processing, which, in the general production cycle, allows using, if possible, all useful elements of raw materials. The main objective of the study is to find ways to improve the use of sub-standard chrome ore. As a reducing agent in the electrothermal smelting of the ACS alloy, instead of expensive coke, without which no process of carbothermic smelting is required, a cheap high-ash Borly coal was used. The coal ash, which mainly consists of silica and alumina, is an additional source of silicon and aluminum in the alloy. This technology will be simple and allows regarding substandard chromium ore as a complex metallurgical raw material, since not only chrome is used, but also the components of the waste rock – silicon and aluminum. As a result of the complete reduction of all charge oxides, this technology will make it possible to obtain a complex alloy of ACS with an approximate chemical composition: 39 – 43 % of chromium, 23 – 27 % of silicon, 7 – 10 % of aluminum. The transition of the main components of the charge to the alloy will be: 82 – 85 % of chromium, 68 – 70 % of silicon, 59 – 60 % of aluminum. In this paper, the results of experimental studies on the production of a complex alloy of ACS (aluminum-chromium-silicon) from high-ash coals of the Borly deposit and chrome ore minerals of the Donskoi GOK are presented. The course of furnace operation is described with a lack, excess, and also the calculated amount of the reducing agent. The ways of eliminating the upset in furnace operation are shown.

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Study of the peculiarities of the leaching process for self-crumbling limestone-kaolin cakes

Obogashchenie Rud ◽

10.17580/or.2021.02.05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-32

Author(s):

A. B. Eldeeb ◽

V. N. Brichkin ◽

R. V. Kurtenkov ◽

I. S. Bormotov

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Raw Material ◽

Process Temperature ◽

Russian Science ◽

Laboratory Equipment ◽

Leaching Process ◽

Soda Solution

The article presents the results of an experimental study to establish the leaching indicators for limestone-kaolin cakes conducted using soda solutions with various process parameters. The experiments use the mathematical planning method that allows assessing the significance of various cake leaching parameters with the minimum number of experiments. It is shown that the temperature and concentration of the soda solution have a significant effect on the aluminum oxide recovery, with the highest recovery of 79.5 % within the selected factor variation intervals achieved at the process temperature of 50 °C, the soda solution concentration of 100 g/l, the liquid/solid ratio in the slurry of 7, and the leaching time of 25 minutes. Further studies using the coordinate-wise optimization method allowed establishing the leaching process parameters that ensure the aluminum oxide recovery of up to 85.2 %. At the same time, the paper shows a significant effect of the process temperature and time on the depth of secondary interactions leading to the deposition of aluminum oxide and requiring additional systemic studies. The established chemical and material composition of the sludge suggests that it may be effectively used as a component in raw Portland cement mixes, as well as a raw material for the regeneration and recycling of the lime component, which would reduce the consumption of natural carbonate raw materials and cut the emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The research was carried out with the use of the laboratory equipment of the Scientific and Educational Center for Shared Use of the St. Petersburg Mining University. The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation under the Agreement No. 18-19-00577 of April 26 2018 of grant for fundamental scientific research and exploratory scientific research.

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Plant Location Selection for Food Production by Considering the Regional and Seasonal Supply Vulnerability of Raw Materials

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2018/7494398 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Jin Woo Park ◽

Ha Young Oh ◽

Duck Young Kim ◽

Yong Ju Cho

Keyword(s):

Food Processing ◽

Food Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Plant Location ◽

Raw Material ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Production Volume ◽

Market Demand ◽

Decision Support Model ◽

Food Processing Plant

A production capacity analysis considering market demand and raw materials is very important to design a new plant. However, in the food processing industry, the supply uncertainty of raw materials is very high, depending on the production site and the harvest season, and further, it is not straightforward to analyze too complex food production systems by using an analytical optimization model. For these reasons, this study presents a simulation-based decision support model to select the right location for a new food processing plant. We first define three supply vulnerability factors from the standpoint of regional as well as seasonal instability and present an assessment method for supply vulnerability based on fuzzy quantification. The evaluated vulnerability scores are then converted into raw material supply variations for food production simulation to predict the quarterly production volume of a new food processing plant. The proposed selection procedure is illustrated using a case study of semiprocessed kimchi production. The best plant location is proposed where we can reduce and mitigate risks when supplying raw material, thereby producing a target production volume steadily.

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Laboratory testing of hemolytic properties of materials that come in contact with blood: Comparative application testing method’s two variants according to the standard ASTM F756 in accordance with ISO 10993-4

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind100225010p ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 149-156

Author(s):

Katarina Pavlovic ◽

Vojislav Bozanic ◽

Jasna Stanojevic ◽

Vesna Milicevic ◽

Bojan Ilic

Keyword(s):

Incubation Time ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Osmotic Shock ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Other ◽

Raw Material ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Laboratory Equipment

The presence of hemolytic material in contact with blood may produce increased levels of blood cell lysis and increased levels of plasma hemoglobin. This may induce toxic effects or other effects which may stress the kidneys or other organs. In this paper two variants of in vitro method and obtained results? comparison were presented for testing of hemolytic properties of six raw materials (Polipropylene Moplen EP 540 P, Policarbonate colorless 164 R-112, Policarbonate brown 164 R-51918, Polietylene NG 3026 K, Polietylene NG - Purell GB 7250, Polietylene VG - Hiplex 5502) for medical device manufacturing and one raw material (Polietylen NG granulate) used for infusion solutions?s plastic bottles manufacturing. One of method?s variants relies on raw material direct contact with swine blood and the other on extract of the material contact with swine blood. Both method?s variants imply reading of the absorbance of the supernatant after tubes were incubated and centrifuged. According to values obtained and using the standard curve free hemoglobin concentration is determined and based on this percentage hemolysis of raw material. Positive and negative controls were used in both variants where water for injection (WFI) was used as positive control in which partial or complete hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs due to osmotic shock and phosphate buffer saline was used as negative control with no hemolytic property. In this paper comparison of results obtained by both method?s variants for testing of seven raw materials was presented, while these conclusions can not be used neither for all materials, nor for all applications without preliminary testing using both variants and then choosing more sensitive and more reliable one. It was shown and stated in the paper as well that incubation time being 3, 15 or 24 h, had no impact on the variant?s with direct contact sensitivity. This comparative approach was used for drawing conclusions in terms of suitability for application of one or the other method?s variant, as well as for defining relevant incubation time and finally for choosing more sensitive and more reliable variant for assessment of hemolytic properties of raw materials. Variant with direct contact was chosen from the aspect of less complexity regarding necessary laboratory equipment which makes it economically more favorable and fit for the purpose.

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PROSPECTS FOR EXPANDING THE RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MODERN CONSTRUCTION COMPOSITES

Вестник ГГНТУ. Технические науки ◽

10.34708/gstou.2021.67.41.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

А. Х. Аласханов

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Natural Cycle ◽

Closed Cycle ◽

Resource Saving ◽

High Quality ◽

Resource Cycle

В работе приводятся возможности расширения сырьевой базы для получения качественных и прочных строительных композитов. Приводится понятие о ресурсном цикле, основанном на природном круговороте веществ (ПКВ) и обеспечивающем безотходный замкнутый цикл производства композитов. Обозначена актуальность и перспективность перехода на энерго- и ресурсосберегающие технологии безотходного производства. The paper presents the possibilities of expanding the raw material base to obtain high-quality and durable building composites. The concept of a resource cycle based on the natural cycle of substances (PCR) and providing a waste-free closed cycle for the production of composites is given. The relevance and prospects of the transition to energy- and resource-saving technologies of waste-free production are indicated.

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Foam Glass Crystalline Granular Material from a Polymineral Raw Mix

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11121447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1447

Author(s):

Olga Miryuk ◽

Roman Fediuk ◽

Mugahed Amran

Keyword(s):

Liquid Glass ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Foam Glass ◽

Raw Material ◽

Glass Mass ◽

Thermal Activity ◽

Material Base ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Glass Breakage

The article is devoted to the development of resource-saving technology of porous granular materials for energy-efficient construction. The relevance of the work for international research is to emphasize expanding the raw material base of porous lightweight concrete aggregates at the expense of technogenic and substandard materials. The work aims to study the processes of porization of glass crystalline granules from polymineral raw materials mixtures. The novelty of the work lies in the establishment of regularities of thermal foaming of glass crystalline granules when using waste of magnetic separation of skarn-magnetite (WMS) ores and lignite clay. Studies of liquid glass mixtures with various mineral fillers revealed the possibility of the formation of a porous structure with the participation of opoka, WMS and lignite clay. This is due to the presence in the materials of substances that exhibit thermal activity with the release of a gas phase. The foaming efficiency of the investigated materials increases when combined with glass breakage. The addition of WMS and lignite clay to the glass mixture increases the pore size in comparison with foam glass. The influence of the composition of raw mixtures on the molding and stability of granules is determined. The addition of sodium carbonate helps to strengthen the raw granules and reduce the softening temperature of the mass. The composition of the molding mixture of glass breakage, liquid glass and a multicomponent additive is developed, which provides an improvement in the molding properties of the glass mass, foaming of granules at a temperature of 750 °C. Foam glass crystalline granules have polymodal porosity, characterized by a density of 330–350 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 3.2–3.7 MPa, and a thermal conductivity of 0.057–0.061 W/(m·°C). Accordingly, the developed granules have a high potential use in structural and heat-insulating concretes.

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