Establishment of the conservation level for forestland and the standards for efficient development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Byong-Wook Koh ◽  
Myeong-Hun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Level

scholarly journals Annotation of snoRNA abundance across human tissues reveals complex snoRNA-host gene relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Étienne Fafard-Couture ◽  
Danny Bergeron ◽  
Sonia Couture ◽  
Sherif Abou-Elela ◽  
Michelle S. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
Nucleolar Rnas ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Background Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are mid-size non-coding RNAs required for ribosomal RNA modification, implying a ubiquitous tissue distribution linked to ribosome synthesis. However, increasing numbers of studies identify extra-ribosomal roles of snoRNAs in modulating gene expression, suggesting more complex snoRNA abundance patterns. Therefore, there is a great need for mapping the snoRNome in different human tissues as the blueprint for snoRNA functions. Results We used a low structure bias RNA-Seq approach to accurately quantify snoRNAs and compare them to the entire transcriptome in seven healthy human tissues (breast, ovary, prostate, testis, skeletal muscle, liver, and brain). We identify 475 expressed snoRNAs categorized in two abundance classes that differ significantly in their function, conservation level, and correlation with their host gene: 390 snoRNAs are uniformly expressed and 85 are enriched in the brain or reproductive tissues. Most tissue-enriched snoRNAs are embedded in lncRNAs and display strong correlation of abundance with them, whereas uniformly expressed snoRNAs are mostly embedded in protein-coding host genes and are mainly non- or anticorrelated with them. Fifty-nine percent of the non-correlated or anticorrelated protein-coding host gene/snoRNA pairs feature dual-initiation promoters, compared to only 16% of the correlated non-coding host gene/snoRNA pairs. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that snoRNAs are not a single homogeneous group of housekeeping genes but include highly regulated tissue-enriched RNAs. Indeed, our work indicates that the architecture of snoRNA host genes varies to uncouple the host and snoRNA expressions in order to meet the different snoRNA abundance levels and functional needs of human tissues.

scholarly journals Identification of Lysine Acetylation Sites on MERS-CoV Replicase pp1ab

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1303-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Sin-Yee Fung ◽  
Guangshan Xie ◽  
Lok-Yin Roy Wong ◽  
Dong-Yan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Lysine Acetylation ◽  
Protein Acetylation ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Orbitrap Analysis ◽  
First Time

MERS is a life-threatening disease and MERS-CoV has the potential to cause the next pandemic. Protein acetylation is known to play a crucial role in host response to viral infection. Acetylation of viral proteins encoded by other RNA viruses have been reported to affect viral replication. It is therefore of interest to see whether MERS-CoV proteins are also acetylated. Viral proteins obtained from infected cells were trypsin-digested into peptides. Acetylated peptides were enriched by immunoprecipitation and subject to nano-LC-Orbitrap analysis. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess the conservation level of identified acetylation sites and to predict the upstream regulatory factors. A total of 12 acetylation sites were identified from 7 peptides, which all belong to the replicase polyprotein pp1ab. All identified acetylation sites were found to be highly conserved across MERS-CoV sequences in NCBI database. Upstream factors, including deacetylases of the SIRT1 and HDAC families as well as acetyltransferases of the TIP60 family, were predicted to be responsible for regulating the acetylation events identified. Western blotting confirms that acetylation events indeed occur on pp1ab protein by expressing NSP4 in HEK293 cells. Acetylation events on MERS-CoV viral protein pp1ab were identified for the first time, which indicate that MERS-CoV might use the host acetylation machinery to regulate its enzyme activity and to achieve optimal replication. Upstream factors were predicted, which might facilitate further analysis of the regulatory mechanism of MERS-CoV replication.

scholarly journals Conservation Level Assessment Application to a heritage building

2019 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Fernanda Rodrigues ◽  
Raquel Matot ◽  
Aníbal Costa ◽  
Alíce Tavares ◽  
Jorge Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Condition Assessment ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Fmea Method ◽  
Building Condition

An evaluation methodology to estimate the envelope’s degradation level (DL) was developed being after object of adjustment and improvement. The methodology is based on visual survey and in the application of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method allied to evaluation scales, aiming to achieve building condition assessment and prioritizing refurbishment interventions. In Portugal, the high buildings number needing refurbishment justified the evolution and improvement of the original methodology of state of conservation assessment of residential buildings at controlled costs. This methodology firstly developed and applied for residential buildings was based on an evaluation scale of eight levels, which was after adjusted to five levels. This simplification aims an easier application of this methodology and provides users with a clear understanding of his features. A summarised evolution of this methodology will be depicted in this paper and will be applied to a heritage building located in the city of Oporto, in Portugal. Beyond the evolution of this buildings conservation assessment methodology, this paper aims to show its usefulness for heritage buildings condition assessment, through the application to a case study.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Conservation Levels of Subunits of Histone-Modifying Protein Complexes in Fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Protein Complex ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Catalytic Subunits ◽  
Evolutionary Lineage ◽  
Conservation Level

Eukaryotes possess a variety of histone-modifying protein complexes. Generally, a histone-modifying protein complex consists of multiple subunits, that is, a catalytic subunit and the associated subunits. In this study, I analyzed 62 and 48 subunits of the histone-modifying protein complexes ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandSchizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. The evolutionary conservation levels of the 110 subunits were measured. The measurements revealed that the conservation levels of the catalytic subunits are significantly higher than those of the associated subunits of the histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase complexes; however, the conservation level of the catalytic subunits is similar to that of the associated subunits of the histone methyltransferase complexes. Thus, in the fungal histone acetylation and deacetylation systems, the catalytic subunits of histone-modifying protein complexes are conserved and the associated subunits are evolutionary lineage-specific. In contrast, in the fungal histone methylation system, both the catalytic and the associated subunits are evolutionary lineage-specific.

Effect of Axial Magnetic Field Strengths on Radial Velocity Field in Liquid Bridge under Microgravity

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 1670-1673
Author(s):  
Ru Quan Liang ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Jun Hong Ji ◽  
Ji Cheng He
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Bridge ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strengths

This article studies on the effect of magnetic field strengths on the flow field in a liquid bridge under zero gravity. The mass conservation level set method is used to track the two-phase interface. The results show that inhibitory effect of additional axial magnetic field on thermocapillary convection within liquid bridge is obvious, and this kind of inhibitory effect increasing as the magnetic field strength is strengthened.

scholarly journals Relationship of Socio Economic Factors (SEF) and Energy Conservation Behavior in India: Empirical Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Suryawanshi ◽  
A G Jumle
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Conservation Behavior ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

<div><p><em>In this research paper focus of the researcher is to study the effects of various socio economic factors on energy conservation level. This study discusses the energy conservation behaviors of rural and urban households and existence of barriers towards energy efficient appliances and effects of socio economic factors on energy related behaviors in the households located in Ahmednagar District, sample size was 567 households. The survey was conducted with help of structured questionnaire, and telephonic replies. Our result indicates that residence, education, religion and ownership of households are the major factors that have considerable effect on level of energy conservation behavior. We have tested hypothesis about all other factors and their relationships, an attempt has been made to predict the level of energy conservation by using multinomial logistic regression method. Particularly we want to find solution for questions like ‘how socio economic factors play its role in determining energy demands?’ ‘What are the barriers for energy conservation?’ ‘Can we predict energy conservation behavior?’.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals The ethnobotanical perspective of indigenous herbs and spices of Tabaru ethnic group in Halmahera island, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 17012-17024
Author(s):  
Fatchur Rohman ◽  
◽  
HI Al Muhdhar Mimien ◽  
M. Nasir Tamalene ◽  
WS Nadra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
High Significance ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
Ocimum Americanum ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Herbs and spices have been used for many years as an important source of food ingredients. Recently, herbs and spices have been used as the source of medicinal materials due to its rich-bioactive compounds content. However, the knowledge about the scientific background of these herbs and spices uses in the local community is based on limited data. This work aims to study the perspective of the Tabaru ethnic group toward the use of herbs and spices as an additional food source. This study was conducted between November and December, 2018 in Halmahera Island. The data and information about the use of herbs and spices were collected from 48 locals whose ages ranged between 40 and 89 years. The main occupation of respondents was farming of mainly nutmeg, clove, and coconut. The data were analyzed based on plant uses which included spices, food, and drug use. Data on plant species were analyzed using the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) formula. The results showed that the Tabaru ethnic group used approximately 14 plant species as herbs and spices. According to the CFSI values,herbs and spices in very high significance group include Curcuma longaL. (value of CFSI, 460.8), Cinnamomum burmanni(Nees & T. Nees) Neeex Blume, Myristica fragrans Houtt., Curcuma domestica Valeton, and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (CFSI, 259.2). Moreover, in the high significance category, Capsicum annuum L. is listed with high CFSI score reaching 86.4. In the moderate significance category, we found about four species, namely Ocimum americanum L. and Ocimum americanum L. (CFSI, 48.6), Etlingera heliconiifolia(K. Schum.) AD Poulsen (CFSI, 24.3), Alpinia galanga(L.) Willd. (CFSI, 23,625). Finally, two species of Etlingera elatior(Jack) R.M.Sm. (CFSI, 17.82) and Alpinia eremochlamys K.Schum. (CFSI, 15.53) were in the low significance group. In conclusion, the value of CFSI has a positive correlation to the utilization and the conservation level of herbs and spices of Tabaru ethnic group in Halmahera Island.

scholarly journals Dynamics and modulation of the human snoRNome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Étienne Fafard-Couture ◽  
Danny Bergeron ◽  
Sonia Couture ◽  
Sherif Abou Elela ◽  
Michelle S Scott
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
Nucleolar Rnas ◽  
Host Genes

AbstractBackgroundSmall nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are mid-size non-coding RNAs required for ribosomal RNA modification, implying a ubiquitous tissue distribution linked to ribosome synthesis. However, increasing numbers of studies identify extra-ribosomal roles of snoRNAs in modulating gene expression, suggesting more complex snoRNA expression patterns. Therefore, there is a great need for mapping the snoRNome in different human tissues as the blueprint for snoRNA functions.ResultsWe used a low structure bias RNA-Seq approach to accurately quantify snoRNAs and compare them to the entire transcriptome in seven healthy human tissues (breast, ovary, prostate, testis, skeletal muscle, liver and brain). We identified 475 expressed snoRNAs categorized in two abundance classes that differ significantly in their function, conservation level and correlation with their host gene: 390 snoRNAs are uniformly expressed and 85 are enriched in the brain or reproductive tissues. Most tissue-enriched snoRNAs are embedded in lncRNAs and display strong correlation of abundance with them, whereas uniformly expressed snoRNAs are mostly embedded in protein-coding host genes and are mainly non- or anticorrelated with them. 59% of the non-correlated or anticorrelated protein-coding host gene/snoRNA pairs feature dual-initiation promoters, as opposed to only 16% of the correlated non-coding host gene/snoRNA pairs.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that snoRNAs are not a single homogeneous group of housekeeping genes but include highly regulated tissue-enriched RNAs. Indeed, our work indicates that the architecture of snoRNA host genes varies to uncouple the host and snoRNA expressions in order to meet the different snoRNA abundance levels and functional needs of human tissues.

scholarly journals Structural analysis of viral ExoN domains reveals polyphyletic hijacking events

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246981
Author(s):  
Adrián Cruz-González ◽  
Israel Muñoz-Velasco ◽  
Wolfgang Cottom-Salas ◽  
Arturo Becerra ◽  
José A. Campillo-Balderas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Zinc Fingers ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Structural Homology ◽  
Innate Immune Signaling ◽  
Conservation Level ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Domain Exon

Nidoviruses and arenaviruses are the only known RNA viruses encoding a 3’-5’ exonuclease domain (ExoN). The proofreading activity of the ExoN domain has played a key role in the growth of nidoviral genomes, while in arenaviruses this domain partakes in the suppression of the host innate immune signaling. Sequence and structural homology analyses suggest that these proteins have been hijacked from cellular hosts many times. Analysis of the available nidoviral ExoN sequences reveals a high conservation level comparable to that of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp), which are the most conserved viral proteins. Two highly preserved zinc fingers are present in all nidoviral exonucleases, while in the arenaviral protein only one zinc finger can be identified. This is in sharp contrast with the reported lack of zinc fingers in cellular ExoNs, and opens the possibility of therapeutic strategies in the struggle against COVID-19.

Conservation level and category clustering.

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rayfield Haynes ◽  
Raymond W. Kulhavy
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Level
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