scholarly journals An Ecological Perspective on Reading Development: a Theoretical Framework to Guide Empirical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Neirouz Nadori
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Model ◽  
Reading Development ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Developing Readers ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Reading Skill Development

<p>Recent efforts have addressed the new challenges related to conceptualizing, understanding and improving reading competency. Several literacy researchers have perceived reading as a developmental skill that is not situated exclusively within student’s cognition, or within family processes, or within classroom or school processes. Rather, reading development has been viewed as a result of the dynamic interaction among reader, family, classroom, and school system (Jaeger, 2017). Following on from this, systems theory approach and more specifically the ecological model allows for the examination of reading skill development from a holistic perspective. It provides an inclusive frame for describing and explaining how the educational opportunities are distributed at the micro, meso, exo, and macro systems and how these systems interact to explain students’ reading differences amon. It also delineates how developing readers’ individual characteristics transact with both proximal and distal processes to craft their reading ecologies. Future policy, practice and research are recommended to be based on the ecological model premises to have a comprehensive view of reading development.</p>

scholarly journals Water Theft Maleficence in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Baird ◽  
Reece Walters ◽  
Rob White
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Criminological Perspective ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Critical Overview

The United Nations has repeatedly identified that freshwater security is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, and that water theft is a global problem exacerbating human conflict, denying human rights and accelerating environmental despoliation (UN 2019; UN Water 2020). Australia is the world’s driest inhabited continent where water security is seriously threatened and constantly monitored by federal, state and local authorities. The devastating 2019-2020 bushfires across Australia serve as a stark reminder of the nation’s vulnerabilities to drought and the imperatives of water security and sustainability. Whilst some threats are undoubtedly climate induced, it is widely reported the ‘theft’ of water is playing an increasingly significant role in compromising Australia’s water security. This article provides a critical overview of the contemporary significance of water theft and its governance. It interrogates official documents of government inquiries, examines court proceedings, and provides a green criminological perspective on future policy, practice and prevention.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
English Language ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Policy

This chapter invites readers into the hidden world of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, and queer (LGBTQ) people. It begins by debunking common myths of LGBTQ IPV, myths that have been shaped in part by homophobia, transphobia, and a historic emphasis on heterosexual-cisgender (HC) relationships in the global IPV-prevention movement. Unfortunately, even today, these myths contribute to systemic failings in how LGBTQ IPV is addressed throughout the world. Collectively, these myths and the lack of concrete support for LGBTQ victims have rendered LGBTQ IPV largely invisible. This chapter—and, indeed, the book—contends that many answers to this problem actually already exist in research, if only they could be extracted. With this in mind, the goal of this book is to comprehensively review the past forty years of LGBTQ IPV English-language research from throughout the world—the first book to do so. Just as significantly, the book mines this literature for evidence-based tips regarding future policy, practice, and research, tips that are shared at the close of each chapter. This introductory chapter concludes with a brief guide to the upcoming chapters and the terminology used throughout the book.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators to Leisure Physical Activity in Children: A Qualitative Approach Using the Socio-Ecological Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Andrés ◽  
Raquel Bartolomé-Gutiérrez ◽  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín ◽  
María Jesús Pardo-Guijarro ◽  
Miriam Garrido-Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Leisure Physical Activity

Despite the benefits of engaging in physical activity during their leisure time, children do not meet the recommendations on physical activity. Following the socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework, the aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators that influence physical activity participation in children’s leisure time. Data collection was conducted through focus groups and individual drawings in a sample of 98 eight- to eleven-year-olds from six schools in Cuenca (Spain). Following the socio-ecological model, individual characteristics (age and sex), as well as the microsystem (parents and friends), mesosystem (timing and out-of-school schedule) and exosystem (safety and weather) influence physical activity participation. The relationships between these levels of the socio-ecological model reveal that opportunities for leisure physical activity are determined by children’s schedules. This schedule is negotiated by the family and is influenced by parents’ worries and necessities. This is the main barrier to physical activity participation due to the creation of more restrictive, sedentary schedules, especially for girls. Our results show the elements required to develop successful strategies to increase physical activity opportunities, namely, focusing on giving children the opportunity to choose activities, raising parents’ awareness of the importance of physical activity and improving the perceived safety of parks, taking into consideration the gender perspective.

Identifying Instructional Targets for Early Childhood via Authentic Assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Bagnato ◽  
Mary McLean ◽  
Marisa Macy ◽  
John T. Neisworth
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Authentic Assessment ◽  
Early Childhood Intervention ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Childhood Intervention ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Innovative Capacity

Now at middle age, the field of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) and its professionals have demonstrated a unique capacity to develop their own practice-based evidence (PBE) and professional standards to forge solutions to challenging professional practice dilemmas. This innovative capacity is no more evident than in designing and implementing individualized linkages among assessment/instruction/progress evaluation for all children, particularly those with delays and disabilities. In this article, the authors advocate for the overarching purpose of assessment in ECI—to identify instructional targets and to plan beneficial programs for young children with special needs in inclusive, natural environments. The authors highlight major developments that have changed their professional practices since the passage of PL 99-457; PBE that supports and promotes these practices and the linkage among assessment, instruction, and progress evaluation; and critical issues for future policy, practice, and research.

Individual Characteristics and the Multiple Contexts of Adolescent Bullying: An Ecological Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gia Elise Barboza ◽  
Lawrence B. Schiamberg ◽  
James Oehmke ◽  
Steven J. Korzeniewski ◽  
Lori A. Post ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Multiple Contexts ◽  
Adolescent Bullying

scholarly journals Barriers to and facilitators of implementation of the integration of oncology and palliative care in daily practice: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Uneno ◽  
Yoshiki Horie ◽  
Yuki Kataoka ◽  
Masanori Mori ◽  
Mami Hirakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Care Delivery Model ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background: Palliative care (PC) is widely recognized as an essential part of oncology care, and multiple academic societies have developed strong recommendations regarding the implementation of the integration of oncology and PC (IOP) in daily practice. However, IOP implementation is a slow- evolving process, and its barriers and facilitators have not yet been comprehensively identified. This systematic review aimed to clarify the barriers to and facilitators of IOP in the context of treating patients with advanced cancer.Methods: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature until June 3, 2017. We included original articles, narrative and systematic reviews, guidelines, editorials, commentaries, and letters. After title and abstract screening by two of five independent reviewers, we analyzed the data qualitatively using inductive content analysis and a consolidated framework for implementation research. Results: We obtained 3,304 articles, of which 60 met the predefined eligibility criteria. The numbers and proportions of original and review articles, guidelines, and other article types were 21 (35%), 30 (50%), 3 (5%), and 7 (12%), respectively. Five categories emerged regarding both the barriers to and facilitators of IOP: intervention characteristics, outer settings, inner settings, individual characteristics, and process. The representative barriers were limited availability of and access to PC services, limited educational opportunities for PC providers, insufficient reimbursement and research funding toward PC services, focus on cure rather than care (patients and their caregivers), and insufficient communication between oncology and PC staff (n = 26, 16, 14, 13, and 7, respectively). The representative facilitators were improvement of the availability of and access to PC services, development of an optimal integrated care model, enrichment of educational opportunities regarding PC (healthcare professionals), and initiatives by government and academic societies (n = 24, 18, 25, and 7, respectively).Conclusions: This study clarified the multi-level barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of IOP. Educational and financial support from the government and academic societies appears essential, and further effort to develop and investigate the implementable care delivery model is warranted.Registration: PROSPERO:CRD42018069212

How Can we Improve Government Responses?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Messinger
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores government-based responses to LGBTQ IPV. The chapter begins by discussing the impact of laws on the abilities of LGBTQ IPV victims to seek help, such as laws governing the right to be LGBTQ, the right to marry, and the right to adopt children. With this as context, the chapter turns to two key government-based help-giving resources (HGRs)—law enforcement and courts—detailing specific strengths and shortcomings in how each of them addresses LGBTQ IPV. The chapter then looks at prevention and intervention efforts regarding LGBTQ IPV, with a particular eye toward challenges in applying resources designed for heterosexual-cisgender people to LGBTQ populations. The chapter concludes with implications for future policy, practice, and research.

Qualitative Perspectives on a Facilitated Change in Provincial Pharmacare Coverage

2005 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Peter L. Twohig ◽  
Wayne Putnam ◽  
Dawn Frail
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Provider Perspectives ◽  
Future Policy

Background: During 2000, Nova Scotia's Department of Health implemented policy changes and educational interventions to encourage a switch from wet nebulization therapy to dry-dose delivery systems. The policy changes applied to beneficiaries of the Nova Scotia Pharmacare Programs, while the educational interventions had a broader provincial perspective. Methods: Researchers from Dalhousie University's Department of Family Medicine subsequently interviewed family physicians, pharmacists, and other health professionals to gather their views on the initiative. A single researcher (PLT) conducted interviews in the summer of 2001 in two settings. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Analysis was guided by a grounded theory approach and facilitated by the use of QSR N5, a software program designed for computer-assisted qualitative data analysis. Results: The results are discussed in several categories, including the role of evidence, change strategies, user devotion to older delivery systems, and health care provider perspectives on policy change. Conclusion: Health care professionals interviewed agreed that this was a well-designed initiative in many respects. Participants identified several key elements that offer insights for future policy-implementation design, execution, and evaluation.

scholarly journals An ecological model of adaptation to displacement: individual, cultural and community factors affecting psychosocial adjustment among Syrian refugees in Jordan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Wells ◽  
Catalina Lawsin ◽  
Caroline Hunt ◽  
Omar Said Youssef ◽  
Fayzeh Abujado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Potentially Traumatic Events

Background.There is a need for ecological approaches to guide global mental health programmes that can appropriately address the personal, family, social and cultural needs of displaced populations. A transactional ecological model of adaptation to displacement was developed and applied to the case of Syrian refugees living in Jordan.Methods.Syrian and Jordanian psychosocial workers (n = 29) supporting the Syrian refugee community in Jordan were interviewed in three waves (2013–2016). A grounded-theory approach was used to develop a model of key local concepts of distress. Emergent themes were compared with the ecological model, including the five ADAPT pillars identified by Silove (2013).Results.The application of the ecological concept of niche construction demonstrated how the adaptive functions of a culturally significant concept of dignity (karama) are moderated by gender and displacement. This transactional concept brought to light the adaptive capacities of many Syrian women while highlighting the ways that stigma may restrict culturally sanctioned opportunities for others, in particular men. By examining responses to potentially traumatic events at the levels of individual, family/peers, society and culture, adaptive responses to environmental change can be included in the formulation of distress. The five ADAPT pillars showed congruence with the psychosocial needs reported in the community.Conclusions.The transactional concepts in this model can help clinicians working with displaced people to consider and formulate a broader range of causal factors than is commonly included in individualistic therapy approaches. Researchers may use this model to develop testable hypotheses.

School Leadership and Racism: An Ecological Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Brooks ◽  
Terri N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Racial Dynamics ◽  
Different Levels

This article reports results from a single-school case study that explored the ways racism influences (and is influenced by) racism. The study examined the ways racism is manifest at different levels of the system: individual, dyadic, subcultural, institutional, and societal. In doing so, the authors sought to understand how racism influences leadership practice within and across each of these levels, meaning as a whole they were considered as an ecological model. Findings suggested pretext, context and posttext are important, and that individual educators’ leadership is influenced by ever-changing racial dynamics in their school.

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