scholarly journals Compressive and Flexural Strengths of Concrete Containing Ground Palm Kernel Shells as Partial Replacement of Cement

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Esau Abekah Armah ◽  
Hubert Azoda Koffi ◽  
Josef K Ametefe Amuzu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cylindrical Specimen ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

This study explore the possibility of using waste ground palm kernel (GPK) shells as partial replacement of cement in concrete using mechanical destructive method has been studied. The palm kernel shells were in two forms: the GPK ordinary shells and shells subjected to incomplete combustion (i.e. the GPK “fuel” shells. In the preparation of the concrete specimens the mix ratio was 1: 2: 4 (cement: sand: stone) by weight and The replacement percentage was 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% respectively.  Concrete specimen were molded in both cubic and cylindrical form and its impact on the mechanical properties such as workability, compressive strength and flexural strength using destructive test method were studied. The cubic specimen were tested at 7, 28 and 60 days whiles the cylindrical specimen were tested at 7 and 28 days. Results of physical and chemical analyses suggest that GPK “fuel” shells have acceptable cementitious properties whiles GPK ordinary shells does not. Generally, the compressive and flexural strengths of concrete containing GPK shells decrease as the replacement percentage increases. However, the values of these properties increase as the period of curing increases. The optimum level of GPK shells replacement is 20% for the ordinary shells and 30% for the “fuel” shells considering compressive strength at 28 days for the cubic samples. For the flexural strength on the cylindrical specimen, up to 60% replacement of cement by GPK shells cured for 28 days has acceptable flexural strength. In spite of the findings that the GPK ordinary shells do not have cementitious properties, the mechanical properties on such concretes can be used in low strength constructions as pavements, walk ways and non structural domestic work at a lower cost than using cement.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features using Stone Dust as a Partial Replacement of Sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5232-5237
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stone Dust

Today’s world is always leads to development in technology as well as the economic growth though sometime these will affect the environment badly. That’s why world environmental commission coined the termed called sustainable development where development takes place without hampering the others’ needs. Concrete industry is rapidly growing industry in India which consumes lots of natural resources during the production of concrete. Here Stone dust is used as a sustainable material in place of sand partially. M25 grade of concrete has been chosen for the experiments. Different mechanical properties of concrete like compressive strength, Split tensile, flexural strength etc. and Microstructural features like SEM, EDX have been included in this study. Compressive Strength and flexural strength test results shown the increase in the strength. Sulphate Resistance Properties have been tested by curing the cubes in the MgSO4 solution and increase in weight has been observed. Similarities are found in the SEM pictures

scholarly journals Performance of Carbon Fiber Filament Reinforcing Cement Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hamed El-Sayed Salama ◽  
Walid Fouad Edris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Flow Table ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Measured Density

This paper aims to study the effect of Carbon Fiber Filament (CFF) with different ratios and lengths on the physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar. An experimental program included 3 cm fixed length of CFF with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% different ratios by weight of cement addition were used in cement mortar cubes. Another experimental program of 0.5% CFF ratio with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm different lengths by weight of cement addition was used in cement mortar prisms. The physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar containing CFF were experimentally investigated at 7 and 28 days of curing. Workability, by means of flow table test, were measured. Density is conducted for cubes and prisms at the age of 28 days. At ages of 7 and 28 days, compressive and flexural strengths were studied. The study showed a reduction in workability with the increase of CFF ratios and lengths by 0.0 to 2.7% and by 0.9 to 5.4% respectively. Moreover, an improvement in density, compressive, and flexural strengths was observed. At ages of 7 and 28 days, the results showed that compressive strength increased by 33 and 31% respectively at 0.5% of CFF ratio while the flexural strength increased by 125 and 327% respectively with CFF length of 5 cm. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091753 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Containing Porcelain Waste as Sand

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jamal ◽  
Mohammad Zaky Noh ◽  
Shihab Al- Juboor ◽  
Mohd Haziman Bin Wan ◽  
Zakiyyu Ibrahim Takai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The demand of concrete have been increases on a daily bases which consume a lot of natural resource such as sand and gravel,  there is an immediate need for finding suitable alternative which can be used to replace sand partially with another materials with high proportion . Ceramic waste is one of the strongest research areas that include the activity of replacement in all the sides of construction materials. This research aims to improve the performance of concrete using ceramic waste, and demonstrate the performance of mechanical properties to the concrete with partial replacement of sand by using waste porcelain. For these, we analyzed the mechanical properties of the concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strength, the specimen were measured based on 10% ,20% ,30% ,40%, and 50% weight ratio of replace sand with waste porcelain at different time under water for 7 days , 28 days , 60 days . The optimum consideration were given to mechanical properties of the concrete, at different amount of ceramic waste as sand.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Strength Properties of Palm Kernel Shell Ash Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Olutoge ◽  
H. A. Quadri ◽  
O. S. Olafusi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Many researchers have studied the use of agro-waste ashes as constituents in concrete. These agro-waste ashes are siliceous or aluminosiliceous materials that, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with the calcium hydroxide released by the hydration of Portland cement to form calcium silicate hydrate and other cementitious compounds. Palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) is a by-product in palm oil mills. This ash has pozzolanic properties that enables it as a partial replacement for cement but also plays an important role in the strength and durability of concrete. The use of palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete is investigated. The objective of this paper is to alleviate the increasing challenges of scarcity and high cost of construction materials used by the construction industry in Nigeria and Africa in general, by reducing the volume of cement usage in concrete works. Collected PKSA was dried and sieved through a 45um sieve. The fineness of the PKSA was checked by sieving through 45um sieve. The chemical properties of the ash are examined whereas physical and mechanical properties of varying percentage of PKSA cement concrete and 100% cement concrete of mix 1:2:4 and 0.5 water-cement ratios are examined and compared. A total of 72 concrete cubes of size 150 × 150 × 150 mm³ with different volume percentages of PKSA to Portland cement in the order 0:100, 10:90 and 30:70 and mix ratio of 1:2:4 were cast and their physical and mechanical properties were tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days time. Although the compressive strength of PKSA concrete did not exceed that of OPC, compressive strength tests showed that 10% of the PKSA in replacement for cement was 22.8 N/mm2 at 28 days; which was quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements for concrete mix ratios 1:2:4. This research showed that the use of PKSA as a partial replacement for cement in concrete, at lower volume of replacement, will enhance the reduction of cement usage in concretes, thereby reducing the production cost. This research was carried out at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Influence of Nano-SiO2 and Recycled Polypropylene Plastic Content on Physical, Mechanical, and Shrinkage Properties of Mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Chen ◽  
Yangchen Xu ◽  
Donglei Zhang ◽  
Lingxia Huang ◽  
Yuntao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Autogenous Shrinkage ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Interfacial Zone

This work is aimed to study the possibility of recycling plastic waste (polypropylene (PP)) as aggregate instead of sand in the manufacturing of mortar or concrete. For this, an experimental study was carried out to evaluate the influence of nano-SiO2 and recycled PP plastic particles' content on physical, mechanical, and shrinkage properties and microstructure of the mortars with recycled PP plastic particles. The sand is substituted with the recycled PP plastic particles at dosages (0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% by volume of the sand). The nano-SiO2 content is 5% by weight of cement. The physical (porosity, water absorption, and density), mechanical (compressive and flexural strength) and shrinkage properties of the mortars were evaluated, and a complementary study on microstructure of the interface between cementitious matrix and PP plastic particles was made. The measurements of physical and mechanical properties showed that PP-filled mortar had lower density and better toughness (higher ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength). However, the compressive strength and flexural strength of PP-filled mortar is reduced, and the porosity, water absorption, autogenous shrinkage, and dry shrinkage increased as compared to normal cement mortar. The addition of nano-SiO2 reduced the porosity, water absorption, and drying shrinkage of PP-filled mortar and effectively improved the mechanical properties, but increased its autogenous shrinkage. A microscopic study of the interfacial zone (plastic-binder) has shown that there is poor adhesion between PP plastic particles and cement paste. From this work, it is found that recycled PP plastic waste has a great potential to be a construction material. It can be used as partial replacement of natural aggregates instead.

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Pervious Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bin Fu ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Splitting Strength ◽  
Ecological Performance

To improve the ecological performance of pervious concrete, single-factor test method was adopted to study the correlation between compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting strength, the effect of porosity to the strength was analyzed as well. The shrinkage characteristics were compared through experiments between ecological pervious concrete and no-fines pervious concrete, ecological pervious concrete and common concrete.

scholarly journals Impact of Fire on Mechanical Properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Anwar Saad Abbas ◽  
Mohammed Mansour Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Design Curve ◽  
Fire Flame

This research aims to shed light on the fire flame effect on some mechanical properties of SIFCON samples, such as compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity and comparing the results with CEN design curve and CEB. Higher temperature resistance is one of the most important parameters affecting the durability and service life of the material. This study comprised of casting and testing SIFCON specimens with 6% fiber volume before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. Two fire exposure duration of 1 and2 hours were investigate. In addition to room temperature, Silica fume was used as a partial replacement (10%) by weight of cement. It was found from the results achieved that after exposure to high temperatures, compressive strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus decreased. The drastically reduction of compressive strength took place with increasing temperature.  The residual compressive strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus at 1010 °C were in the range of (58.4 to 80.1%), (81.6 to 78.7%) and (30.4 to 32.8%) respectively. The compressive strength test results of this study together with results obtained by other investigators were compared with CEB strength-reduction curve and that of CEN. It was noticed that the test results agreed with CEN design curve rather than with that of CEB.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete Using Shredded Plastic Waste and M-Sand as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate

2021 ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Sindhu Vaardini U ◽  
Pon Soundarya M
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Land Water

Disposal of large quantity of plastic causes land, water, and air pollution etc.., so a study is conducted to recycle the plastic in concrete. This work investigates about the replacement of natural aggregate with non-biodegradable plastic aggregate made up of mixed shredded plastic waste in concrete. Several tests are conducted such as compressive strength of cube, compressive strength of cylinder, flexural strength test of prism to identify the properties and behavior of concrete using shredded plastic aggregate. Replacement of fine aggregate weight by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% with shredded plastic fine (PF) aggregate and manufactured sand (M-Sand). Totally 30 cubes, 30 cylinders and 30 prisms are casted to identify the compressive strength, cylindrical compressive strength, and flexural strength respectively. Casted specimens are tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. The identified results from concrete using shredded plastic aggregate are compared with conventional concrete. Result shows that initially there is increase in mechanical properties then there is reduction in mechanical properties due to addition of shredded plastic aggregate added concrete. This reduction in strength is mainly due to poor bond strength between cement and shredded plastic aggregate.

scholarly journals Preparation of Electric- and Magnetic-Activated Water and Its Influence on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4546
Author(s):  
Kaiyue Zhao ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yupeng Tian ◽  
Shanbin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Untreated Water ◽  
Alternating Voltage

Cement-based materials prepared with activated water induced by a magnetic field or electric field represent a possible solution to environmental issues caused by the worldwide utilization of chemical admixtures. In this contribution, electric- and magnetic-activated water have been produced. The workability and mechanical properties of cement mortar prepared with this activated water have been investigated. The results indicate that the pH and absorbance (Abs) values of the water varied as the electric and magnetic field changed, and their values increased significantly, exhibiting improved activity compared with that of the untreated water. In addition, activated water still retains activity within 30 min of the resting time. The fluidity of the cement paste prepared with electric-activated water was significantly larger than that of the untreated paste. However, the level of improvement differed with the worst performance resulting from cement paste prepared with alternating voltage activated water. In terms of mechanical properties, both compressive strength and flexural strength obtained its maximum values at 280 mT with two processing cycles. The compressive strength increased 26% as the curing time increased from 7 days to 28 days and flexural strength increased by 31%. In addition, through the introduction of magnetic-activated water into cement mortar, the mechanical strength can be maintained without losing its workability when the amount of cement is reduced.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Comprising Fly Ash and Fluid Catalytic Cracking Residue as Aluminosilicate Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Le ◽  
Sinh Hoang Le ◽  
Thuy Ninh Nguyen ◽  
Khoa Tan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Sem Images

The use of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) by-products as aluminosilicate precursors in geopolymer binders has attracted significant interest from researchers in recent years owing to their high alumina and silica contents. Introduced in this study is the use of geopolymer concrete comprising FCC residue combined with fly ash as the requisite source of aluminosilicate. Fly ash was replaced with various FCC residue contents ranging from 0–100% by mass of binder. Results from standard testing methods showed that geopolymer concrete rheological properties such as yield stress and plastic viscosity as well as mechanical properties including compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were affected significantly by the FCC residue content. With alkali liquid to geopolymer solid ratios (AL:GS) of 0.4 and 0.5, a reduction in compressive and flexural strength was observed in the case of geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content. On the contrary, geopolymer concrete with increasing FCC residue content exhibited improved strength with an AL:GS ratio of 0.65. Relationships enabling estimation of geopolymer elastic modulus based on compressive strength were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the final product from the geopolymerization process consisting of FCC residue was similar to fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. These observations highlight the potential of FCC residue as an aluminosilicate source for geopolymer products.

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