scholarly journals Levetiracetam is associated with decrease in subclinical epileptiform discharges and improved cognitive functions in pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 2321-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjian Wang ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Xiaoju Tang
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges

Comparison of cognitive functions children with the autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S457-S458
Author(s):  
N. Zvereva ◽  
N. Simashkova ◽  
A. Koval-Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Autistic Disorders

IntroductionAutism spectrum disorder and early onset schizophrenia have many similar symptoms, however, these are different disorders. It is important to identify the main similarities\differences in the structure of cognitive impairment to define further assistance these children correctly. We distinguished two options for cognitive defect (total and partial) in children with schizophrenia.AimsComparison of cognitive functions at children with autism spectrum disorder and early onset schizophrenia.ObjectivesTwo groups with autism spectrum disorder (ASD1 – 22 patients of MHRC mean age 8.9; ASD2 – 27 pupils of special school mean age 7,4). Two groups with early onset schizophrenia (F20.8 – 16 patients of MHRC mean age 10,2; F21 – 18 patients of MHRC mean age 10.0).MethodsBattery of pathopsychological tests for assessing cognitive functions (memory, attention, thinking), test figures of Leeper for visual perception. Z-scales were used for estimation of cognitive deficit or defect.ResultsPatients demonstrate variety of cognitive functioning. Normal cognitive functioning: ASD1* – 22%, F20.8 – 18%, F21* – 50% (* – P ≤ 0.05); partial cognitive defect: ASD1 – 27%, F20.8 – 18%, F21 – 22%; total cognitive defect: ASD1** – 50%, F20.8 – 64%, F21** – 27% (** – P ≤ 0.01). ASD1 and F20 were the worth in thinking. Children ASD1 and ASD2 demonstrate similar success in recognizing Leeper's figures.ConclusionsThere are some common features of cognitive development in children with severe forms of ASD and early onset schizophrenia, first of all in thinking.No significant differences obtained between severe – mild forms of autistic disorders in visual perception (ASD1 and ASD2).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Dietary Therapies in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Facts or Fads? A Scoping Review and a Proposal for a Shared Protocol

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2057
Author(s):  
Costanza Varesio ◽  
Serena Grumi ◽  
Martina Paola Zanaboni ◽  
Martina Maria Mensi ◽  
Matteo Chiappedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Study Designs

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing incidence. An expanding body of literature is examining connections between ASD and dietary interventions. Existing reports suggest a beneficial effect of ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) in improving behavioral symptoms in ASD. In this context, the purpose of this scoping review was to identify and map available evidence in the literature about the feasibility and potential efficacy of KDTs in pediatric patients with ASD and to inform clinical practice in the field. Moreover, based on the resulting data from the literature review, we aimed to provide a shared protocol to develop a personalized KDT intervention in patients with ASD. A comprehensive and structured web-based literature search was performed using PubMed and Scopus and it yielded 203 records. Seven papers were finally selected and included in the review. Data were abstracted by independent coders. High variability was identified in study designs and dietary aspects emerged among selected studies. Results supported the effectiveness of KDTs in promoting behavioral improvements. Clinical recommendations on which patients may benefit most from KDTs implementation and difficulties in dietary adherence were discussed.

Development of Lying and Cognitive Abilities

2018 ◽  
pp. 398-407
Author(s):  
Victoria Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

The emergence and development of children’s lie-telling is closely associated with their developing cognitive abilities. Telling a lie involves complicated cognitive functions including theory-of-mind understanding and executive functioning abilities. Recent research has found that lie-telling emerges in the preschool years and children’s abilities to maintain their lies improves with age. The current chapter reviews existing literature on the development of children’s lie-telling behavior and its relation to various aspects of children’s cognitive development. It covers the work of Lewis, Stanger, and Sullivan (1989), including the well-known guessing-game experiment, where the child is left alone with temptation and the instruction not to peek. Much of Talwar, Lee, et al.’s research into three-to-seven-year-old children’s lie-telling behavior is covered; and the interaction between these studies and Theory of Mind is emphasized; this is illuminated in the account of research using child subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Chiari malformation I and autism spectrum disorder: an underrecognized coexistence

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayur Jayarao ◽  
Kristin Sohl ◽  
Tomoko Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Type I ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Cranial Mri

OBJECT Patients with symptomatic Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) frequently present with headaches, neck pain, difficulty swallowing, and balance disturbances. In children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), diagnosing CM-I can be a challenging task. Moreover, even if symptomatic, some patients do not undergo further evaluation or management, as their presentations are attributed to autism and its myriad symptoms. Therefore, cranial MRI findings were reviewed after evaluating and treating patients with coexisting ASD and CM-I. In this paper, the authors report on 5 children with ASD and symptomatic CM-I, including their clinical presentation, imaging studies, management, and outcomes, and discuss the likely underrecognized coexistence of these conditions. METHODS All pediatric patients with ASD and cranial MRI conducted for any reason in the period from 1999 to 2013 were considered for analysis. All cases with concomitant symptomatic CM-I were eligible for this retrospective analysis. RESULTS One hundred twenty-five pediatric patients diagnosed with ASD had undergone MRI, and 9 of them had evidence of cerebellar tonsillar herniation. Five patients were symptomatic and underwent suboccipital craniectomy, a C-1 or a C-1 and C-2 laminectomy, and duraplasty with bovine pericardium or Type I collagen allograft. There were no intraoperative complications. All patients showed symptom improvement and/or resolution of presenting symptoms, which included headache, dysphasia, speech, and irritability. CONCLUSIONS There is no identified cause of autism. Children with ASD can be difficult to assess specifically in a neurological examination. Thus, cranial MRI considered when completing a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. While cranial MRI is not a routine part of ASD evaluation, this study demonstrates that CM-I and ASD may coexist and be underrecognized. The study reinforces the importance of a comprehensive medical evaluation designed to elucidate neurological findings in children with impaired communication abilities and suggests the judicious use of neuroimaging.

Risk of Second Seizure in Pediatric Patients With Idiopathic Autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad A. Qadir ◽  
Emily Obringer ◽  
Joseph Hageman ◽  
Charles Marcuccilli
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Seizure Recurrence ◽  
The University ◽  
Short Time

Purpose: Epilepsy is a comorbidity of idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. The aim was to characterize the risk and time of second seizure in children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A retrospective review was performed at the University of Chicago and NorthShore University HealthSystem. Patients with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder, ≥1 seizure, and age 2 to 23 years were included. Results: 153 patients were included; 141 (92%) had a second seizure. The average age at first seizure was 7.14 years (median: 5.08 years) and 8.12 years (median: 7.3 years) at second seizure. Average time between first and second seizure was 7.68 months. Discussion: A high risk of seizure recurrence was found in this population. There was a short time to second seizure, with most having a recurrence within 1 year. These findings may be used to guide therapy in children with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy.

scholarly journals Associations of acute and chronic stress hormones with cognitive functions in autism spectrum disorder

Neuroscience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shino Ogawa ◽  
Young-A Lee ◽  
Yoshie Yamaguchi ◽  
Yuka Shibata ◽  
Yukiori Goto
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress

scholarly journals ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
L.N. Chernova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

A large number of studies have been conducted up to date associated with the elemental status of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, it is still difficult to fully explain the relationship between ASD and elements due to previous inconsistent scientific results. The article reviews the possible role of essential elements in the etiopathogenesis of ASD in children. An imbalance of essential elements can cause a disruption in development of central nervous system. It leads to impaired differentiation and proliferation of neurons and disruption in myelination, affects neurochemistry and neurotransmitter balance, provokes oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In particular, the balance of trace elements such as copper, iron and selenium is necessary to maintain the antioxidant defense systems. Increased levels of free radicals lead to cellular damage, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation linked to ASD. Magnesium and calcium, acting as secondary messengers in the central nervous system (CNS), regulate the processes of neural networks’ maturation and neurotransmitter release. An imbalance of potassium and sodium changes electrical activity of the brain and may be the cause of epileptiform discharges in ASD. Zinc provides the processes of neuronal migration and neurotransmission, while copper, iodine and iron contribute to myelination of nerve fibers.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characteristics and Therapeutic Implications

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Francesco Precenzano ◽  
Lucia Parisi ◽  
Valentina Lanzara ◽  
Luigi Vetri ◽  
Francesca Felicia Operto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Research Findings

A large body of literature reports the higher prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to the general population. Similarly, several studies report an increased rate of Subclinical Electroencephalographic Abnormalities (SEAs) in seizure-free patients with ASD rather than healthy controls, although with varying percentages. SEAs include both several epileptiform discharges and different non-epileptiform electroencephalographic abnormalities. They are more frequently associated with lower intellectual functioning, more serious dysfunctional behaviors, and they are often sign of severer forms of autism. However, SEAs clinical implications remain controversial, and they could represent an epiphenomenon of the neurochemical alterations of autism etiology. This paper provides an overview of the major research findings with two main purposes: to better delineate the state-of-the-art about EEG abnormalities in ASD and to find evidence for or against appropriateness of SEAs pharmacological treatment in ASD.

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