scholarly journals Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) molecular profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Catarina de Bortoli Munhae ◽  
Vanderlei Geraldo Martins ◽  
Cintia Martins ◽  
Odair Correa Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Founder Effect ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Positive Results

Eurhizococcus brasiliensis Wille, 1922 (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), also known as ground pearl, is a root cochineal found in viticultures in several Brazilian states. It causes economic losses and is difficult to control. Given the difficulty in morphologically identifying the group, the current study aims to trace the ground pearl molecular profile by assuming that there is more than one species of this cochineal in the country. Ground pearl samples were collected in Rio Grande do Sul (Flores da Cunha and Pinto Bandeira Counties), Santa Catarina (Videira and Pinheiro Preto Counties), São Paulo (São Roque, São Miguel Arcanjo, Louveira and Indaiatuba Counties) and Pernambuco States (Petrolina County). Subsequently, the COI, ITS and 28S genes as well as the 18 RAPD primers were analyzed. The COI and ITS gene primers were not successfully amplified. The 28S gene analysis formed two clades and the RAPD analysis formed three groups. The genetic and geographic distances among the herein analyzed samples were positive. Results allow inferring the existence of at least two ground pearl groups in the analyzed areas. Two hypotheses are presented in order to explain the cochineal groups' separation: (i) the founder effect action and (ii) the regional species independence. However, it is necessary to conduct complementary molecular studies using other genes as well as studies on the group taxonomy and basic biology to explain the ground pearl phylogeny.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of rabies in cattle in southern Brazil: spatial and temporal distribution from 2008 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 460-468
Author(s):  
Bianca L. Santos ◽  
Fábio Raphael P. Bruhn ◽  
Ana Carolina B. Coelho ◽  
Pablo Estima-Silva ◽  
Joanna V. Echenique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
A Value ◽  
Area Of Influence

ABSTRACT: Rabies affects several domestic species, causing significant economic losses due to the death of animals in characteristic areas of the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. In this context, this work aimed to study the epidemiology of rabies outbreaks observed in cattle from January 2008 to December 2017, through its space and time distribution in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. We performed an observational and ecological retrospective through the analysis of data recorded in necropsy protocols performed in cattle at the “Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico” of the “Universidade Federal de Pelotas” (LRD-UFPel). A descriptive data analysis aimed at evaluating the distribution of cases over time. The statistical analysis was performed with Gretl statistical software 1.9.12 (GNU Regression, Econometric, and Time-series Library). To the existence of stationarity was verified with the Dickey-Fuller test, considering a value of p<0.05. From January 2008 to December 2017, 1418 bovine diagnostic materials were received at the LRD-UFPel, and 160 outbreaks of rabies were confirmed in 160 farms located in the 24 municipalities of the LRD-UFPel area of influence. We observed 591 cattle out of a total of 25,886 infected with the virus. We conclude that rabies does not exhibit seasonality in the study region, with a tendency to decrease in frequency in the next years. The disease has an epidemic characteristic in most of the analyzed months (2012-2014), remaining endemic in the remaining period (2011, 2015 and 2016) with sporadic episodes of epidemics in these years. We also observed that as the incidence of the disease increased in the animals and in the properties, there was a geographical spread of the virus for the majority (54.16%) of the municipalities in the area of influence of the LRD-UFPel.

scholarly journals Occurrence of hydatidosis and cysticercosis in cattle in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2013 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taina S. Alberti ◽  
Fabio R.P. Bruhn ◽  
Valmor Lansini ◽  
Margarida B. Raffi ◽  
Haide V. Scheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accidental Host ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: Hydatidosis and cysticercosis are parasitoses caused by the larval forms of the cestodes Equinococcus spp. and Taenia spp., which belong to the Taeniidae family. Their definitive hosts are canids and humans, respectively, with ruminants as the intermediate hosts and humans as an accidental host of both diseases. These parasites are responsible for large economic losses in slaughterhouses due to condemnation of carcasses and by-products. The present study reports the mean incidence rates of hydatidosis and cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The incidence rates observed between 2013 and 2016 were 19.96% and 0.9%, respectively, with decreased tendency of occurrence of both diseases in those years. Despite the downward tendency of the diseases, hydatidosis presented high incidence. Hydatidosis performance over the years was characterized by significant increase in the number of cases, followed by marked decrease. Cysticercosis presented a decrease in number of cases at the beginning and the end of each year. These diseases have a significant socioeconomic impact as they are responsible for large losses in the livestock industry, due to reduced productivity and carcass condemnation, and represent a risk to public health.

Medicinal plants in the supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Manuelle Arias Piriz ◽  
Marcos Klering Mesquita ◽  
Teila Ceolin ◽  
Caroline Vasconcellos Lopes ◽  
Rita Maria Heck
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Supplementary Treatment ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
De Medicina ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

ABSTRACTObjective: to list the main medicinal plants used by ecological farmers from southern Rio Grande do Sul in the supplementary treatment of diabetes mellitus. Method: it was performed a study with qualitative approach of  exploratory and descriptive kind. The study subjects were farmers who sell their products at the ecological fair of Pelotas. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire. The interviews were recorded with consent of farmers and the plants were georeferenced and photographed for taxonomic  identification. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at 072/2007 opinion. Results: ten plants were mentioned in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. According to the literature, six of them had positive results in animals or humans as hypoglycemiants, and the other plants are indicated to treat various other symptoms. Conclusion: medicinal plants can act as an adjuvant of the medicamentous therapy in reducing glicemy of the disease carriers, taking into account the legal and safe precepts for using and importance of nurses in advising on the correct use of these therapies. Descriptors: phytotherapy; rural health; diabetes mellitus; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: listar as principais plantas medicinais utilizadas por agricultores ecológicos do sul do Rio Grande do Sul no tratamento complementar do diabetes mellitus. Método: foi realizado um estudo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo exploratório e descritivo. Os sujeitos foram agricultores que comercializam seus produtos na feira ecológica de Pelotas. Os dados foram coletados utilizando questionário semi-estruturado. As entrevistas foram gravadas com consentimento dos agricultores e as plantas georreferenciadas e fotografadas para identificação taxonômica. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Faculdade de Medicina por meio do parecer 072/2007. Resultados: foram citadas dez plantas utilizadas no tratamento de diabetes mellitus. De acordo com a literatura, seis delas obtiveram resultados positivos em animais ou humanos como hipoglicemiantes, as demais são indicadas para tratar outros diversos sintomas. Conclusão: as plantas medicinais podem atuar como adjuvantes da terapia medicamentosa na redução da glicemia de portadores da doença, levando-se em conta os preceitos legais e seguros da utilização e a importância dos enfermeiros no aconselhamento sobre o correto uso destas terapias. Descritores: fitoterapia; saúde da população rural; diabetes mellitus; enfermagem. RESUMENObjetivo: elaborar una lista de las principales plantas medicinales utilizadas por los agricultores ecológicos del sur de Río Grande do Sul en el tratamiento suplementario de la diabetes mellitus. Método: se realizó un estudio com um abordaje cualitativo de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva. Los sujetos de estudio fueron los agricultores que venden sus productos en la feria ecológica de Pelotas. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario semi-estructurado. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas con el consentimiento de los agricultores y las plantas georeferenciados y fotografiados para su identificación taxonómica. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Facultad de Medicina de la opinión 072/2007. Resultados: diez plantas fueron mencionadas en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus. De acuerdo con la literatura, seis de ellos tuvieron resultados positivos en animales o seres humanos como agentes hipoglucemiantes, los otros están indicados para el tratamiento de varios otros síntomas. Conclusión: las plantas medicinales pueden actuar como adyuvante a la terapia medicamentosa en la reducción de la glicemia en los portadores de la enfermedad, teniendo en cuenta los preceptos legales y seguros de la iutilización y la importancia de las enfermeras en el aconsejamiento sobre el correcto uso de estas terapias. Descriptores: fitoterapia; salud rural; diabetes mellitus; enfermería.

scholarly journals Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Taenia hydatigena in pig in southern Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danieli Urach Monteiro ◽  
Sônia de Avila Botton ◽  
Alexandre Alberto Tonin ◽  
Karen Luisa Haag ◽  
Germano Musskopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Cysticercus Tenuicollis ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Lato

This study aimed to identify the parasitical etiologic agents of visceral cysts in pigs from the central/northern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Fifty-eight cysts were found in livers during veterinary inspection of swine slaughtered from January 2008 to 2012. Collected samples were submitted to macroscopic and molecular analyzes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and BLAST alignment of sequences was used to molecular characterization of the samples. By PCR 10.3% (6/58) of tested samples were positive for Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and 56.9% (33/58) for Cysticercus tenuicollis. In this study, it was verified the occurrence of larval forms of E. granulosus sensu lato and Taenia hydatigena in pig herds from the central/northern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The presence of both parasites is relevant due to the economic losses for the meat industry. Additionally, E. granulosus sensulato has zoonotic importance and may be infecting pig herds in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis rates in bovine slaughtered under state sanitary inspection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roque Fernando Pinheiro Bica ◽  
Marina Venturini Copetti ◽  
Mário Celso Sperotto Brum
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Condemnation Data

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the occurrence of lesions suggestive of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis in animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection of the Divisão de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPOA), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Condemnation data between the years 2009 and 2017 were obtained from Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI) and presented according to the administrative regions established by SEAPI. In that period, 7,509,544 cattle were slaughtered and condemnations occurred in all regions of the state at varying levels. The mean condemnation values showed the presence of hydatidosis in 523,399 (6.97%), cysticercosis in 92,277 (1.23%), and tuberculosis in 10,595 (0.14%) cattle carcasses. The mean values of hydatidosis diagnoses were higher in the regions of Alegrete (14.19%), Bagé (19.62%), and Pelotas (17.71%). The regions of Osório (1.86%), Santa Maria (2.10%), and São Luiz Gonzaga (1.83%) had highest rates of cysticercosis condemnations. All regions maintained an average bovine tuberculosis diagnosis rate of less than 1% and Estrela region had the highest index (0.70%). Results showed that the three diseases occurred in all regions of the state, the average prevalence rates in each region are variable, and distribution seems to be regionalized. This knowledge contributes to the plans for controlling these diseases, which are zoonoses that cause economic losses to the productive sector.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of protozoa of the Sarcocystidae family in sheep from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1613-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Pires Portella ◽  
Gustavo Cauduro Cadore ◽  
Luis Antonio Sangioni ◽  
Marta Elena Machado Alves ◽  
Raiza Chemeris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Direct Microscopic Examination ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Southwest Region

ABSTRACT: Infections caused by protozoa belonging to the Sarcocystidae family have worldwide distribution and are common in ruminants, leading to considerable economic losses. This study evaluates Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep from Southwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Myocardium samples of 80 sheep raised on extensive system were collected. Tissue cysts were detected by direct examination and presence of infective agents was confirmed by PCR. Macroscopic evaluation did not reveal changes, but direct microscopic examination showed cysts in 76.2% (61/80, 95% CI: 66.9 - 85.9) samples, and all cysts were morphologically similar to those caused by Sarcocystis tenella or Sarcocystis arieticanis. PCR detected Sarcocystis spp. DNA in 21.2% (17/80, CI: 12.3-30.2) of the tested samples and T. gondii DNA in 15% (12/80, CI: 7.2-22.8). Moreover, 6.2% (5/80, CI: 2.1-13.9) samples contained DNA of both protozoan. The presence of N. caninum nucleic acids was not observed in tested samples. However, all PCR-positive samples (23.7%-19/80, CI: 14.4-33.1) were also positive by direct examination (microscopic cysts). Thus, a high occurrence of microscopic tissue cysts was detected in sheep from southwest region of Rio Grande do Sul State. Although PCR did not show good sensitivity to identify the causative agents of these cysts, it revealed the presence of Sarcocystis spp. and T. gondii in ovine cardiac muscle samples. This may predispose the contamination of animals and humans by these protozoa.

scholarly journals Outbreak of avian aspergillosis in colonial-bred chicks (Isa Brown) in southern Rio Grande do Sul - case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368
Author(s):  
R. Zamboni ◽  
T.S. Alberti ◽  
H.V. Scheid ◽  
F.R. Venancio ◽  
C.B. Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Avian Aspergillosis ◽  
Yellowish White

ABSTRACT In this study we describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, and pathology of an outbreak of avian aspergillosis in alternative breeding in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Between the fifth and tenth day of life, 360 chicks from a flock of 4000 developed unspecific clinical signs and died. The birds were housed in a reused aviary litter, without previous treatment. In 11 six-day-old female ISA Brown chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus), necropsy revealed firm, yellowish-white, multinodular lesions extending from the pleura to the lung parenchyma. Histologically, a granulomatous, multifocal to coalescent pneumonia was observed. Granulomas were characterized by central necrosis, with heterophil and epithelioid macrophage infiltration and presence of countless Y-shaped intralesional septate hyphae morphologically compatible with Aspergillus spp. The diagnosis through isolation confirmed Aspergillus fumigatus. We highlight the importance of aspergillosis as a primary cause of diseases in the respiratory tract of young birds in alternative breeding. Measures to prevent aspergillosis mainly regarding the reuse of aviary litter are essential in poultry husbandry to prevent economic losses, reduce environmental contamination and mitigate the potential risk to public health.

scholarly journals Parasitismo simultâneo de helmintos e coccídeos em ovinos de pequenas propriedades do Rio Grande do Sul

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Sandra Marcia Tietz Marques ◽  
◽  
Luiza de Campos Menetrier ◽  
Mary Jane Tweedie de Mattos ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Meat Type

Endoparasitic diseases cause great economic losses, mainly due to the anemias they can cause. This research evaluated the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in meat-type sheep of six small gaucho properties. Fecal samples were received at the Helminthology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, and processed by the methods of Gordon & Whitlock (OPG) and Roberts & O’Sullivan (coproculture). The prevalence of infection was 73.86% (113/153), with 87.61% having Strongylida eggs (99/113), in addition to mixed infections with Moniezia and Eimeria. Haemonchus spp. (90%) predominated in coproculture. The high degree of parasitism in animals indicates that more should be invested in integrated control involving animal management and use of medicines.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis detection in slaughtered pigs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37063
Author(s):  
Paula Luciana Kern ◽  
Andrea Troller Pinto ◽  
Verônica Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Granulomatous Lymphadenitis ◽  
Productive Process

The infection by the Mycobacterium genus is important in pig farming due to the economic losses caused by total or partial carcass condemnation in slaughterhouses. The present study investigated the occurrence of a tuberculosis outbreak in pigs, based on the identification of lesions at the slaughter line of a slaughterhouse. At the inspection line of the slaughterhouse, carcasses were identified with viscera containing macroscopic lesions that indicated tuberculosis (granulomatous lymphadenitis). Tracheobronchial, mesenteric, and submandibular lymph nodes were collected, as well as liver samples and their corresponding lymph nodes. The samples were sent to the Federal Agricultural Defense Laboratory (LFDA/RS) and processed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and the molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis. Based on the results of post-mortem and laboratory inspections, the occurrence was characterized as a tuberculosis outbreak in pigs, which originated from a farm in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Over three months, three batches, adding up to 2884 animals, were sent to slaughter, of which 102 (3.5%) had tuberculosis-like lesions at the inspection line. Based on these results, the productive process was investigated, assessing the feeding, water supply, and milk whey offered in the diet of pigs. It was concluded that the outbreak was caused by feeding unpasteurized or inadequately pasteurized (insufficient time x temperature relation) whey to the pigs. The use of whey from cheese production is a frequent practice in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and one of the risk factors for granulomatous lymphadenitis in pigs.

scholarly journals ZOONOSIS CONTROL POLICY IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL (PART 1)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Wilson Hoffmeister Júnior ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
Rural Producers

Background: The scientist, graduated in veterinary medicine, coordinator of the Herbivorous Rabies Control Program, Wilson Hoffmeister Júnior, was interviewed. The Inspector of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, and Rural Development (SEAPDR) of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which develops one of the work fronts of sanitary defense. Objective: to analyze the work of prevention and control of rabies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Methods: the interview was formulated using the Herbivorous Rabies Control Program (PNCRH-RS) as an information base. Results and Discussion: The PNCRH-RS is a public policy program that has operated for decades in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and it has contributed to the elimination of certain types of rabies in the state. In addition to keeping rabies transmitted by vampire bats under control, preventing or reducing economic losses, and ensuring the health and quality of the herd in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusions: the uninterrupted continuity of the PNCRH-RS guaranteed the economic viability of rural producers, increased their profitability, and ensured animal health and public health in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

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