A LOOK OVER THE HYPOTHESES OF THE SARS-CoV-2 ORIGINS

Background: In late 2019, a new coronavirus variant, SARS-CoV-2, emerged and caused a pandemic. Several were the consequences of the appearance of this new virus, including, but not limited to, death, unemployment, bankruptcies (moral and economic), hunger, and misery. Aim: the purpose of this work is to analyze two hypotheses through logical propositions about the possibility of natural origin, or not, of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: research in an open public audiovisual database, censored, and non-peer-reviewed was used to identify subjects that support the proposition that the virus has a natural origin (group A) and those who claim otherwise (group B) aiming to hear your conjecture. A photographic survey was also carried out in order to identify the characters studied. The logical analysis of the propositions was performed through the construction of an exclusive disjunction truth table. Results and Discussion: The truth table produced four scenarios, two impossible and two possible. The impossible scenarios were discarded, and the possible scenarios were analyzed and confronted with the results of the audiovisual research. Conclusions: with the exclusion of impossible scenarios, only the possibilities remain that SARS-CoV-2 has evolved or not naturally, one of the lines of reasoning will be wrong as to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 if it ever becomes determined.

ZOONOSIS CONTROL POLICY IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL (PART 1)

Background: The scientist, graduated in veterinary medicine, coordinator of the Herbivorous Rabies Control Program, Wilson Hoffmeister Júnior, was interviewed. The Inspector of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, and Rural Development (SEAPDR) of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which develops one of the work fronts of sanitary defense. Objective: to analyze the work of prevention and control of rabies in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Methods: the interview was formulated using the Herbivorous Rabies Control Program (PNCRH-RS) as an information base. Results and Discussion: The PNCRH-RS is a public policy program that has operated for decades in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and it has contributed to the elimination of certain types of rabies in the state. In addition to keeping rabies transmitted by vampire bats under control, preventing or reducing economic losses, and ensuring the health and quality of the herd in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusions: the uninterrupted continuity of the PNCRH-RS guaranteed the economic viability of rural producers, increased their profitability, and ensured animal health and public health in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

BRAZIL AND THE SECOND WORLD WAR: CIVIC DEMONSTRATIONS AND NATIONALIZATION

Background: During World War II (1939 - 1945), the National Defense League organized, in Porto Alegre, a series of commemorations with the objective of civic exaltation and patriotic mobilization. Aim: This work aimed to analyze civic solemnities of the week of the fatherland, highlighting how a campaign of patriotic exaltation was carried out, in addition to the mobilization for the nationalization of German and Italian immigrants and the acculturation of their children, the so-called coloninhos. Methods: Analysis of a work edited by the National Defense League, called Activities of 1943. Analysis of the mobilization of society around civic commemorations, organized by the National Defense League. Analysis of the speeches made by the state interventor at the time, General Cordeiro de Farias. Results and Discussion: The National Defense League made an intense mobilization of Brazilian society around the patriotic celebrations in the week of the Fatherland (September 1st to 7th), in 1943, when the Getúlio Vargas government was preparing troops to fight in Europe alongside the Allies and against the Axis countries during World War II. The images, photos, and speeches given at the festivities were edited and later published in a book. In Porto Alegre, there was a campaign for the population to participate in the celebrations actively. Parades were also held in Porto Alegre with children, sons, and daughters of German and Italian immigrants. Furthermore, the Defense League spoke about the acculturation of the children of immigrants (coloninhos), as they supposedly could become spies for enemy countries. Despite Brazil being under the dictatorial government of the Estado Novo, clearly fascist inspired and inaugurated by Getúlio Vargas in 1937, the Defense League defended that it was a democratic and receptive government. Conclusions: Due to the actions of the Defense League, it was necessary that it actively participate in activities, that it was willing to fight against Brazil s enemies. It would also be necessary to nationalize and acculturate the children of German and Italian immigrants, to demonstrate that Brazil was open to receiving them.

READING SUGGESTION: THE REPUBLIC

Background: Does history really repeat itself? Is it possible that a book written by Plato around 375 BC could have any relation to the present? Aim: to verify the ideas of Plato and to reflect if there is any kind of correlation with the present. Methods: Reading and text interpretation. Reflection. Results and Discussion In a period of restriction of ideas, it is relevant that after reading this book, a reflection is made on the paths that civilization is rapidly taking. Book VIII discusses four unjust constitutions: timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny. It is argued that a society will decay and go through each successive government, eventually becoming a tyranny, the most unjust regime of all. Conclusions: Many societies decay, the downfall of a prosperous society takes place quickly.

CHANGES IN THE PRODUCTION OF ARTISANAL BEER IN THE SOUTH OF THE FLUMINENSE REGION DURING THE PANDEMIC

Introduction: Brazil is the third largest beer producer in the world and with the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, beer consumption has undergone an adaptation with closed restaurants and bars or bars with reduced public capacity. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the changes arising from the pandemic in microbreweries in the southern region of Rio de Janeiro in the period between March and September 2020.Methods: The survey was conducted using a form consisting of eleven questions, which addressed issues related to changes in beer production. Results: The results showed that 53% of the breweries showed an increase in production and the arrival of new consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes brought adaptations in filling, with an increase of 17.6% in the use of PET bottles and innovation in marketing, with 88% using delivery and/or e-commerce applications. Conclusions: The results showed the increase in production and the arrival of new consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes aroused retail behavior in industries, making them adapt and search for innovations.

THE US ENTRY INTO WORLD WAR I: THE VIEW OF THE GERMANOPHILE NEWSPAPER O DIA, FROM FLORIANÓPOLIS

Background: During the First World War (1914-198), a fraction of the Brazilian press was composed of German supporters, causing a conflict of interest with later Brazilian support for the Allies. Aim: The objective of this work was to analyze the coverage developed by the local newspaper “O Dia” of the entrance of the USA in the first world war...Methods: A bibliographical research was carried out in the archives of the newspaper “O Dia” and some books referring to the press and the period of the “First World War”. Results and Discussion: Some of the main telegrams and columns published in the main source, the periodical “O Dia”, organ of the republican party of Santa Catarina, from Florianópolis, brought imprecise news about the conflict, the newspaper maintained a clear Germanophile stance. However, it emphasized the North American importance, political, economic, and military, for the world. The newspaper reproduced news from agencies based in major US cities and gradually informed the US position in the conflict, emphasizing the diplomatic break with Germany and the entry into the war, which was decisive for the outcome of the conflict. In addition, it kept specific columns daily, with telegrams and news informing how the US positioned itself in the period of neutrality and how it acted in international relations and on the battlefronts. The organizational structure of the newspaper was chaotic by the standards of today, all types of news were included on the same page, without the presence of a structure of sections, which would facilitate the connection of related topics. However, the newspaper “O Dia” allocated relevant space to issues related to the “First World War” and the role of the USA, which went from being suppliers of inputs and technology to decisive protagonists in the conflict and the peace conferences. Conclusions: The newspaper "O Dia" has always maintained a favorable german position, even when it reported on the Triple Entente initiatives, since the beginning of the war, it highlighted content favorable to Germany.

SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF COLLECTORS OF RECYCLABLE CAJAZEIRAS MATERIALS (ASCAMARC) AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF COLLECTING ACTIVITY TO THE ENVIRONMENT

Background: recycling is an essential tool for promoting sustainable development, as mechanisms that reduce the use of virgin raw materials will limit the use of scarce resources and reduce the progressive accumulation of waste. as well as contain their side effects and pollution causing health problems, among others. At the base of the recycling system are the collectors of recyclables, agents of this activity who are the workers who pick, select and sell recyclable materials such as paper, glass, metal, garbage, and other reusable materials. Aim: this study aimed to verify the income earned and the contribution to the sustainable development process arising from collecting recyclable materials. Methods: the proposed study was carried out at the Cajazeiras Waste Pickers Association (ASCAMARC), in this city, Alto Sertão da Paraíba. The population and sample are 13 recyclable waste pickers who actively participate in ASCAMARC and voluntarily agreed to participate in the research after being informed about its objectives. The content analysis technique was used through transcripts of interviews with the target audience and documents from secondary sources, and the collected data were also analyzed in quantitative form. Results and Discussion: the results show that 12 (92.31%) waste pickers earn less than one wage, and 01 (7.69%) waste pickers earn a minimum wage through the activity of collecting recyclable material and that there is currently great concern about the damage generated to the environment by solid wastes that have a long degradation time. It was found that 13 (100%) waste pickers believe that collecting recyclable materials contributes to the environment. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the results obtained the social, economic, and environmental importance of the work of waste pickers, despite the precarious conditions in which they perform the activity, without their participation in the base of the recycling chain, perhaps the environmental situation would be more chaotic in recent times.

SUMMARY OF CONTACT WITH DR. MARIK. PULMONARY MEDICINE AND CRITICAL CARE. EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL - USA.

This brief note introduces the reproduction of medical content, authored by Doctor Paul E. Marik. Dr. Marik is Professor of Medicine and Chief of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia (USA). Dr. Marik is an extremely qualified and experienced professional. The reprinting of the material was authorized by Dr. Marik himself on 12/02/2020. This material is relevant in the Brazilian scenario due to standardized procedures for patients infected with the coronavirus. Only 1 of the 5 files kindly provided by the author, in PDF format, was selected and reproduced as received, without any editing. Due to the pandemic's long duration, the Journal editors (who are not medical doctors) have already had the opportunity to monitor the development of the disease in more than one infected person. The type of treatment offered to patients seems to influence the course, duration, and severity of the disease. The treatments described in the materials below appear to be effective and have good results. The editors will refrain from making additional comments on the proposed methods not to influence anyone, restricting themselves to suggesting that they be discussed with the reader's trusted doctor in case of need or doubts. Complete, updated information and also translated into Portuguese are available at . We are grateful to Dr. Marik for his kindness in giving us his time in this troubled period.

ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN CESARIAN SECTION PROCEDURES TO INDICATION OF CONTRACTED PELVIS IN COVID-19 CONFIRMED PATIENTS

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed several ethical challenges for all medical personnel. Every doctor always provides the best service to patients and follows the COVID-19 health protocol in handling patients. Ethical issues arise when doctors are faced with a dilemma in handling COVID-19 patients related to human resources, limited facilities, and infrastructure in handling patients in the regional hospital, so the patient must be referred. It was reported an obstetrics case: a 24-year-old patient presented with the first pregnancy, gestational age 39-40 weeks with heartburn complaints, and spotting from the birth canal. The patient was a referral from a regional hospital whose elective cesarean section was planned due to the diagnosis of a contracted pelvis. However, it turns out that the rapid screening test results were reactive to COVID-19 and positive in RT-PCR examination. The medical procedure taken was the immediate termination of pregnancy by a cesarean section that required mental preparation of the patient, family, and a team of doctors. The formation of a multidisciplinary team of doctors, the preparation of tools and places for postoperative care for mothers and babies, provide information to patients and families, informed consent, special needs of mothers and babies is an ethical challenge that needs to be addressed carefully. In cases of pregnancy termination in COVID-19 patients, the ethical challenge is its appeal, which should find a solution using clinical ethics theory and the basic principle of medical ethics.