scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antifungal potency of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) extract against post harvest mycodeterioration of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
U. N. Emiri ◽  
E. B. Enaregha
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

The study investigated fungi associated with post harvest tomato fruits sold in the open market in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The antifungal activity (bitter leaf) extracts against spoilage was studied using well-in-agar diffusion method. Results showed that mean percentage incidence of fungi isolated from tomato fruits were Rhizopus stolonifer (56%), Aspergillus niger (62%) and Altermaria altermata (35%). Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina at different concentrations (20%, 40%, and 60%) (w/v) were used against fungi isolates, while water and ketoconzole (0.5 mg/mL) served as negative and positive control, respectively. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of V. amygdalina inhibited the growth of all three test fungi. There were significant differences (p > 0.05) in the mean inhibitory effects of plant extracts and control. Antifungal activity measured as diameter of zone of inhibition revealed that V. amygdalina acqueous extract at 60% was very active against Aspergillus niger (16.50 mm) and Alternaria altermata (16.00 mm), while being moderately active against Rhizopus stolonifer (13.00 mm). However, 60% ethanolic extract of V. amygdalina was very active against A. niger (19.00 mm), A. altermata (17.00 mm) and Rhizopus stolonifer (15.80 mm). Phytochemical screening of V. amygdalina revealed the presence of tannins, oxalate, saponnins, flavanoid, cynogenic glucoside, phytate and Alkaloids V. amygdalina could serve as a potentially viable alternative to chemical fungicides in the preservation of post harvest tomato fruits (Lycopersicum esculentum).

scholarly journals MYCOBURDEN OF TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum MILL), INOCULATION-INDUCED MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION AND CONTROL BY PASSIVE MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
F. M. OYEYIPO ◽  
T. O. ADESETAN ◽  
H. O. EGBERONGBE
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Modified Atmospheres ◽  
Curvularia Species

The effect of fungi of tomato fruits (Lycopersicum esculentum) were investigated at Ijebu-Ode, south western Nigeria. Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Curvularia species were isolated from deteriorating tomato and used for inoculating fresh and healthy tomato samples. The isolates (Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Curvularia species) were then inoculated separately into healthy tomato samples. Storage of samples in modified atmospheres and the effects of inoculation on quality changes were also evaluated. Modified atmospheres designed by packing the samples inside a polythene bag of 12μm thickness significantly maintained the quality of the samples compared with the controls. The isolates were then evaluated for mycotoxin production using thin layer chromatography and mycotoxigenic potential was assessed by animal feeding trial using rats of the wistar strain fed orally with different concentrations of the mycotoxin extracts. Mycotoxins were detected from tomato samples inoculated with Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Fusarium species, before and after autoclaving for 15 min at 121oC. Experimental rats fed on mycotoxin extracts developed symptoms of neurotoxicity. Most of the fungal isolates showed great potential for mycotoxin production, which is of concern in public health. Modified atmosphere created by using sterile polythene bags of different thicknesses is therefore recommended for control of fungi infection of tomato fruits and extension of shelf life.      

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Analysis of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava Stems on Bacteria Associated with Dental Caries

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. K. Nata’ala ◽  
A. Y. Fardami ◽  
M. H. Dalhat ◽  
K. Sirajo ◽  
I. Bashiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Background: Chewing stick has long been used in many parts of Africa and the Middle East as a means of oral hygiene. Dry stems or Roots of different plants have been used in the process. Stems of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava are among the commonly used plants in Nigeria in cleansing teeth. Few attempts have been made to screen the antimicrobial activity of the stems of the trees on microorganisms isolated from teeth. Aim of the Study: The aim was to determine the Phytoconstituents and the antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina and Psidium guajava on Bacteria isolated from human teeth. Materials and Methods: Phytoconstituents of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of the stems of Bitter leaf and Guava tree were determined using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the extract against some microorganisms isolated from teeth was determined using agar well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using standard methods. Results: Phytochemical screening of stems of the two plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and carbohydrates. Highest zone of inhibition of 9 mm and 10 mm was recorded on the ethanolic extracts of bitter leaf and Guava tree stems on Staphylococcus aureus respectively. MIC and MBC of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml for the ethanolic extracts of Bitter leaf stem on Klebsiella pneumonia, S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis were recorded. For the Guava, MIC and MBC of 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml were recorded for the ethanolic extracts were recorded on S. aureus and Proteus mirabilis. Conclusion: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both plants show potential antibacterial activity against the microorganisms isolated from human teeth.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatasaichaitanya Surapuram ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Robert L. McFeeters ◽  
Hana McFeeters
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Recent Advances

Despite recent advances in antifungal development, fungi remain a devastating threat to human health and compromise viability of the food supply. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source with tremendous potential. Herein we present the antifungal properties of more than 50 plant extracts against two important human and agricultural pathogens, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Multiple extracts exhibit promising MIC values of less than 100 μg/mL and are reported for both fungal species.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities ofCola nitidaBark

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon ◽  
Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja ◽  
Nafan Diarrassouba ◽  
Haziz Sina ◽  
Adolphe Adjanohoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Free Radical Activity ◽  
Cola Nitida

Kola nut is chewed in many West African cultures and is used ceremonially. The aim of this study is to investigate some biological effects ofCola nitida’s bark after phytochemical screening. The bark was collected, dried, and then powdered for the phytochemical screening and extractions. Ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ofC. nitidawere used in this study. The antibacterial activity was tested on ten reference strains and 28 meat isolatedStaphylococcusstrains by disc diffusion method. The antifungal activity of three fungal strains was determined on the Potato-Dextrose Agar medium mixed with the appropriate extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Our data revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals. For the reference and meat isolated strains, the inhibitory diameter zone was from17.5±0.7 mm (C. albicans) to9.5±0.7 mm (P. vulgaris). The MIC ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 5.000 mg/mL and the MBC from 0.625 mg/mL to >20 mg/mL. The highest antifungal activity was observed withF. verticillioidesand the lowest one withP. citrinum. The two extracts have an excellent reducing free radical activity. The killing effect ofA. salinalarvae was perceptible at 1.04 mg/mL. The purified extracts ofCola nitida’s bark can be used to hold meat products and also like phytomedicine.

scholarly journals Inhibition activity of Zingiber offcinale. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
E Muslim ◽  
A Saeed ◽  
SH Sabeeh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Penicillium Notatum ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ginger )Zingier officinale) and (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were used to investigate an antifungal activity against food spoilage fungal pathogens. Study of the inhibitory effect of these extract was done separately against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum isolated from (tomato pasts, cheese) the samples were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) at pH 5.6 and 28°C. In this study, results had shown that the extracts of Both plant demonstrated antifungal activity. When compare extracts of the two plants, C. zeylanicum extracts showed higher inhibition activity than (Zingiber officinale) extracts significantly. Ethanolic extracts of these tow plants gives significantly inhabitation in the mycelia growth of fungi more than their aqueous extracts (16-22), (19-25)mm, P. noitatum and A. niger respectively while the inhibitory observed by the aqueous extract (5-6) mm against A. niger for (6-8) mm. Against P. notatum was the most affected by all extracts while A. niger was the least susceptible. There was a significant difference (P=0.05) between groups in the antifungal activities of tested fungi, and the effectiveness of ethanolic extracts was increased with increase in their concentrations. The ability of these extracts to inhibit the growth of the two fungi must take into consideration an indication of the antifungal potency of cinnamon and Zingiber officinale, that makes them the candidate for the production of antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of Bacillussp. Gn-A11-18isolated from decomposing solid green household waste in water and soil against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeddin El Barnossi ◽  
Fatimazahrae Moussaid ◽  
Abdelilah Iraqi Housseini
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Candida albicans an opportunistic pathogenic fungus causes many infections in humans. Whereas Aspergillus niger is a fungus that can produce ochratoxins, a group of extremely dangerous secondary metabolites that are classified as potentially carcinogenic to humans and also causing deterioration in grapes, strawberries, etc. The purpose of the current study is to isolate, purify, identify and characterize new microorganisms associated with solid green household waste for the control of C. albicans and A. niger. The antifungal activity of bacterial isolates was carried out in vitro by the agar plug diffusion method, the disk and well diffusion method. The isolate that showed promising activity has been identified by those macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. The results obtained in the course of this study showed the isolation of an isolate named Gn-A11-18, which was shown to have significant inhibitory activity with a 42.66% inhibition percentage against A. niger and a 44.66 mm inhibition diameter against C. albicans compared to the controls. The identification of Gn-A11-18 isolate has shown that this isolate belongs to the genus Bacillus with a similarity to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus tequilensis. In the light of the results of this study, we can suggest that the bioactive compound of Bacillus sp. Gn-A11-18 could become a biological alternate that could have an important role to fight against C. albicans and A. niger.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Various Plant Latex against Selected Fungal Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Mubashira Begum
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Plumeria Rubra

Abstract: Latex is a natural plant polymer and milky white fluid distributed throughout the plant body like leaves, stems, roots and fruits of all flowering plants and consists of proteins, alkaloids, starches, sugars, oils, tannins, resins and gums that coagulate on-air exposure. It is secreted by specialized plant cells called Laticifers. Plants exude latex in response to physical damage. The present study was carried out to assess the potential antifungal activity of latex of five different plants namely Plumeria rubra, Plumeria alba, Aloe vera, Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea against three different pathogenic strains of fungi. All five latexes were found to show good to moderated activity against all the three fungal strains, namely Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The latex of each plant was tested in two volumes (i.e. 10µl & 20µl), and it was found that the antifungal activity was volume-dependent, and a significant difference was also observed in the case of different fungal strains. The antifungal activity of plant latexes was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method; results revealed that among all the five latexes, the fresh latex of Plumeria rubra (Vol: 10µl &20µl) showed excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, whereas fresh latex of Aloe vera (Vol: 10µl & 20µl) showed excellent antifungal activity against Trichoderma viride. The results of the current research imply that the antifungal activity of latex varies with the species of plants and the fungal strains used. The results therefore demonstrated that, the used five latexes effectively inhibited the growth of three tested fungi. Hence, these plant latexes are natural, ecofriendly and can be used as good candidates for the treatment of various fungal diseases. In further words, they can be used for therapy of antifungal-resistant fungi. Keywords: Antifungal activity, Proteins, Alkaloids, Tannins, Resins, Laticifers, Plumeria rubra, Plumeria alba, Aloe vera, Calotropis procera, Calotropis gigantea, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Latex, Agar well diffusion.

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