scholarly journals Sedative-like effect of intraperitoneal GABA administration in the open field test

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Augusto Pascual Italo Gargiulo ◽  
Santiago Marquez Herrero ◽  
Esteban Romanowicz ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Guevara ◽  
Adriana Ines Landa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One

Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is the main inhibitor neurotransmitter of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Its peripheral administration has been matter of discussion. On the one hand, it has been reported that it does not cross the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), and, on the other hand, it has been associated with multiple therapeutic regimens and supplements by peripheral administration. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the possibility of a central sedative effect when administered peripherally. An experimental cohort of 90-day-old Holtzman male rats weighing 240-270 g was used. It was divided into 2 groups: saline-controls (n = 9) and GABA treated rats (12.5 mg/kg, n = 9). Both groups were intraperitoneally injected. The motor behavioral patterns displayed in the Opto Varimex (OVM) were studied. Vertical, horizontal, ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements and the number of movements were recorded in an automated way. Horizontal movements constitute the integration of ambulatory and non-ambulatory movements. Student t test was used comparing groups. In this experiment, there were non-significant downward trends in vertical, ambulatory, non-ambulatory and number of movements. Ambulatory and non-ambulatory tendencies acquired significance when treated together as horizontal movements (p < 0.05). We may conclude that peripheral administration of GABA produced a decrease of the horizontal movements in the open field test. It may be interpreted as a sedative effect, suggesting a passage of GABA through BBB, with central effects. However, there are several alternative possibilities to explain present findings. Other experiments will elucidate the implications or scope of the present findings.

scholarly journals Proposal of open field test as a model of varenicline pharmacokinetic study in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Zaccarelli-Magalhães ◽  
Thaisa Meira Sandini ◽  
André Rinaldi Fukushima ◽  
Helenice De Souza Spinosa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Varenicline is a medication used for smoking treatment that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors α4β2 and α3β4 and as a total agonist of receptor α7 in the central nervous system. Pharmacokinetic is important information for medications that acts in the central nervous system. This kind of assay is commonly done by expensive and complex analytical techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using the open field test as a pharmacokinetic model for varenicline in male rats exposed to a single dose of varenicline. Male rats received a single dose orally (gavage) of three different concentrations of varenicline: 0.03 (therapeutic dose for humans), 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg or water (control group). The open field observations were recorded 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days after the administration of varenicline or water. The results showed alterations in locomotion and rearing frequencies, as well as in immobility time observed in open field, which is consistent with this drug’s plasma peak. Consequently, this behavioral test apparently can be considerate as a model for pharmacokinetic evaluation of varenicline.

scholarly journals Monoaminergic Involvement in Decreased Locomotor Activity of Mice Treated with α and β-amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300
Author(s):  
Gislei F. Aragão ◽  
Manoel O. de Moraes Filho ◽  
Paulo N. Bandeira ◽  
Antônio P. Frota Junior ◽  
Yasmin Ingrid S. Oliveira de ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A triterpenic mixture of α and β-amyrin (AMY) extracted from Protium heptaphyllum has demonstrated several pharmacological effects, including activity in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of AMY administration on locomotor activity of mice by the open field test using some monoaminergic agonists and antagonists and the cerebral cortex levels of monoamines and their major metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mice were treated acutely with AMY at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally and with the pharmacological agents and placed in open field test, then the animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex extracted, and monoamines were assayed in tissue homogenates. AMY at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg decreased locomotor activity of animals by 25, 31 and 39%, respectively in the open field test. Ondasentron, doxazosin, oxymetazoline and clonidine did not reverse the inhibitory effect of 5 mg/kg AMY. Venlafaxine and yohimbine reversed the inhibitory effect of 5 mg AMY. In the cortex, the 5-HT and 5-HIAA were significantly reduced by the administration of AMY. NE and HVA were also reduced with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg AMY, while Dopamine and DOPAC were not increased with AMY. In conclusion, AMY decreased locomotor activity of animals accompanied by a decrease in 5-HT and NE levels in the cerebral cortex, this locomotor effect is reversed by drug that blocker the α-2-adrenoreceptor.

scholarly journals Montanoa frutescensandMontanoa grandifloraExtracts Reduce Anxiety-Like Behavior during the Metestrus-Diestrus Phase of the Ovarian Cycle in Wistar Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Julio Vicente-Serna ◽  
Luis Alfredo Rodríguez-Blanco ◽  
María de Jesús Rovirosa-Hernández ◽  
Francisco García-Orduña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Estrus Phase

In previous studies, the anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoa tomentosaandMontanoa frutescenswere reported in male rats, but the potential anxiolytic-like effects ofMontanoaplants during the different phases of the ovarian cycle in rats remain to be explored. The anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous crude extracts ofM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(25 and 50 mg/kg) in the elevated plus maze were investigated in Wistar rats during the estrous cycle and compared with 2 mg/kg diazepam as a reference anxiolytic drug. To investigate any motor effect (i.e., hyperactivity, no changes, or hypoactivity) associated with the treatments, the rats were evaluated in the open field test. TheM. frutescens(25 and 50 mg/kg) andM. grandiflora(50 mg/kg) extracts exerted anxiolytic-like effects during the metestrus-diestrus phase, similar to diazepam, without disrupting spontaneous motor activity. No significant effects of the extracts were detected in either behavioral test during the proestrus-estrus phase, whereas diazepam produced motor hypoactivity in the open field test. These results indicate that theM. frutescensandM. grandifloraextracts possess anxiolytic-like effects that depend on the ovarian cycle phase, supporting the Mexican ancient medicinal use of these plants to ameliorate anxiety disorders.

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of alpha lipoic acid associated with omega-3 in tardive dyskinesia induced by chronic haloperidol in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Pessoa de Araújo ◽  
Thaisa Gracielle Martins Camboim ◽  
Ana Patrícia Magalhães Silva ◽  
Caio da Fonseca Silva ◽  
Rebeca Canuto de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Orofacial Dyskinesia ◽  
Chronic Use

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is characterized by involuntary movements of the lower portion of the face being related to typical antipsychotic therapy. TD is associated with the oxidative imbalance in the basal ganglia. Lipoic acid (LA) and omega-3 (ω-3) are antioxidants acting as enzyme cofactors, regenerating antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed to investigate behavioral and neurochemical effects of supplementation with LA (100 mg/kg) and ω-3 (1 g/kg) in the treatment of TD induced by chronic use of haloperidol (HAL) (1 mg/kg) in rats. Wistar male rats were used, weighing between 180–200 g. The animals were treated chronically (31 days) with LA alone or associated with HAL or ω-3. Motor behavior was assessed by open-field test, the catalepsy test, and evaluation of orofacial dyskinesia. Oxidative stress was accessed by determination of lipid peroxidation and concentration of nitrite. LA and ω-3 alone or associated caused an improvement in motor performance by increasing locomotor activity in the open-field test and decreased the permanence time on the bar in the catalepsy test and decreased the orofacial dyskinesia. LA and ω-3 showed antioxidant effects, decreasing lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels. Thus, the use of LA associated with ω-3 reduced the extrapyramidal effects produced by chronic use of HAL.

scholarly journals Effect of Short Time Exposure of Local ELF-MFs on Sleepiness Induced in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Elnaz Azizi ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Ayoobi ◽  
Ali Shamsizadeh ◽  
Amir Moghadam-Ahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Time

Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes serious side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of local extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were allocated in four groups (n=10). The ELF-MFs exposure (0, 10 and 18 Hz) was applied with intensity 200µT for three days (10 min/day). Sham-treated animal did not receive ELF-MF. Serum level of oxalic acid (OA) and sleepiness were measured both before first and after last exposure to ELF-MF or sham. Anxiety, sleepiness and OA were measured by using elevated plus maze, open-field test (OFT) and ELISA test, respectively. Results: Comparison of oxalate levels between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed that ELF-MF (10 Hz) decreased the serum level of oxalate (p<0.05). Comparison of the percent of open:closed arm entry (in elevated plus maze) between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed significant differences. Also, frequency, velocity and distance moved were decreased in the open-field test. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that ELF-MF with short time exposure may modulate the metabolism of OA and may modulate anxiety-like behavior or kind of induction of sleepiness in male rats.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic-like effect of Urena lobata (L.) in swiss albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Thoufiqul Alam Riaz ◽  
Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi ◽  
Javad Sharifi-Rad
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAnxiety disorders are general and psychological problems that are also linked to symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effects of Urena lobata L. (MEUL) methanolic extract in different behavioral paradigms in Swiss albino mice. For this, after an oral acute toxicity study, adult male mice were treated with MEUL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) and/or diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), and subjected to a number of behavioral studies. In the open-field test, the number of square field cross, grooming, and rearing, was counted, while in the light/dark and swing test, the time spent in the dark portion and number of swings was calculated, respectively. Additionally, the phytochemical analysis was also done. Results reveal that the MEUL possesses alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenes (including triterpenes), gums, and reducing sugars. MEUL showed a significant (p < 0.05) anxiolytic-like effect in experimental animals, where it’s dose-dependently modulated the test parameters in an open-field test. The MEUL also increased the light residence time and the number of swings in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 500 mg/kg of MEUL caused the highest calming effect when combined with the experimental animals’ diazepam group. Taken together, findings expand an understanding of the impact of U. lobata on the central nervous system and show that this plant may be useful for the treatment of disorders associated with anxiety.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin E Administration on Learning of the Young Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. JEN.S29843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan Dolu ◽  
Azizuddin Khan ◽  
Şule Dokutan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Young Rats

The effect of vitamin E intake on spatial learning and working memory performances of young rats has been investigated in the Morris water maze and locomotor activity has been assessed by an open-field test. A total of 45 young male Wistar albino rats aged two months were divided into three equal groups: control, olive oil, and vitamin E groups. These groups were treated for 30 days with a once daily intraperitoneal injection. The rats were then tested for their ability to find the location of the platform (spatial learning). The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the time spent to find the platform and the time spent in half area of the tank, including the platform among the group, while the time spent to find the platform was found to have increased from the first day to the fourth day in all the groups. In the open-field test, the locomotor activity quite significantly increased in the peripheral area in the olive oil group. The supplementation with vitamin E for a short period had not improved the learning performance of the healthy young rats. It was concluded that the beneficial effect of vitamin E intake on learning is related to the beginning time and the duration of vitamin E intake.

Open-Field Test for Rats: Correlational Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Constant Factor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
External Criterion

96 male rats were tested in open field in dim-light condition or bright-light condition for 3 min. per day for 5 days. The validity of 7 open-field test measures was assessed on the basis of the concept which was defined operationally using the test situation as the external criterion. Ambulation in the first 1 min. and rearing showed not only validity but also some generality. An interactive measure (ambulation in the first 1 min. and defecation) was proposed as a new significant measure. Larger intercorrelations among measures were obtained in a less stressful situation. In view of the results, an interpretation of previous conflicting results was proposed. Considerable constant factor-loading pattern across days and groups was noted, and this suggested the validity of the factor structure of an open-field test measure. Scores obtained on Day 1 showed some heterogeneity among scores obtained during 5 days.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS OF MALE RATS IN THE OPEN FIELD TEST IN CASE OF ALIMENTARY INTAKE OF FATS OF DIFFERENT ORIGINS

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Р. В. Антіпова ◽  
Т. Є. Комісова ◽  
А. Є. Сак
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bowel Movements ◽  
Long Time

Recently, the influence of various origins fats on the morphofunctional and biochemical characteristics of the organism has been actively studied, however, their possible influence on higher nervous activity and behavior has been mostly overlooked. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of behavioral changes in rats after the long-term consumption of fats differing in origin. The behavior of adult male rats was explored by the open field test for three days on the basis of the indicators of their research and emotional activity after 60 days of consumption of fats of various origins (palm oil, refined sunflower oil, margarine) at a rate of 3 mg/kg. The obtained experimental data show that when rats consume fats differing in origin for a long time, their navigation research behavior in terms of horizontal and vertical activity and the number of hole visits does not differ significantly, both when retested in the open field and compared with the control group. However, it was found that their emotional activity (according to the manifestations of autonomic reactions of defecation and grooming) has changed as the prolonged consumption of used fats causes a change in the level of anxiety in male rats. The long-term consumption of palm oil is accompanied by a tendency to increase bowel movements as well as the number and duration of grooming acts, both in re-testing and compared with the control group. The male rats that had consumed margarine for a long time, on the contrary, demonstrated a decrease in the level of anxiety. In comparison with the control group and during testing, they showed a reduction in the manifestations of grooming and defecation. During three days of observation, the indicators of emotional activity of the rodents that had consumed refined oil for a long time stayed almost unchanged and did not differ from those of the control group.

scholarly journals Dorsal Hippocampus ERK2 Signaling Mediates Anxiolytic-Related Behavior in Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247054701989703
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Sierra-Fonseca ◽  
Lyonna F. Parise ◽  
Francisco J. Flores-Ramirez ◽  
Eden H. Robles ◽  
Israel Garcia-Carachure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Plus Maze

Background Anxiety disorders are the most common neuropathologies worldwide, but the precise neuronal mechanisms that underlie these disorders remain unknown. The hippocampus plays a role in mediating anxiety-related responses, which can be modeled in rodents using behavioral assays, such as the elevated plus maze. Yet, the molecular markers that underlie affect-related behavior on the elevated plus maze are not well understood. Methods We used herpes simplex virus vector delivery to overexpress extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, a signaling molecule known to be involved in depression and anxiety, within the dorsal hippocampus of adult Sprague-Dawley male rats. Three days post virus delivery, we assessed anxiety-like responses on the elevated plus maze or general locomotor activity on the open field test. Results When compared to controls, rats overexpressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 in the dorsal hippocampus displayed an anxiolytic-like phenotype, per increases in time spent in the open arms, and less time in the closed arms, of the elevated plus maze. Furthermore, no changes in locomotor activity as a function of virus infusion were observed on the open field test between the experimental groups. Conclusion This investigation demonstrates that virus-mediated increases of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 signaling, within the hippocampus, plays a critical role in decreasing anxiogenic responses on the rat elevated plus maze. As such, our data provide construct validity, at least in part, to the molecular mechanisms that mediate anxiolytic-like behavior in rodent models for the study of anxiety.

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