scholarly journals NIVEAU DE CONTAMINATION DUNE EAU DE SURFACE PAR LES PRODUITS PHYTOSANITAIRES: CAS DE LA RETENUE DEAU DU BASSIN VERSANT DE LA LOBO(CENTRE-OUEST DE LA COTE DIVOIRE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Diarra Moussa ◽  
◽  
Leonce David Kouadio ◽  
Soro Donafologo Baba ◽  
Roland NGuettia Kossonou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Bassin Versant ◽  
Phytosanitary Products

The Lobo is the source of drinking water for SODECI in the department of Daloa. The strong agricultural activity around it can lead to the dissipation of phytosanitary products into the environment. However, the transfer of pesticide residues from agricultural plots to this aquatic environment is little studied or even non-existent. The objective of this work is to determine the state of contamination of the Lobo River by phytosanitary products. The HPLC assays were carried out on water samples taken at the exit of the agricultural plots (upstream) and in the Lobo (downstream). These analyzes revealed the presence of residues of pesticides such as glyphosate, mancozeb 2,4-D and lambda-cyhalothrin at various concentrations. Indeed, at the exit of the agricultural plots (upstream) and in the Lobo (downstream), the average concentrations detected were respectively 0.89µg / L to 0.35 µg / L for glyphosate, 0.81µg / L at 0.38 µg / L for mancozeb, 0.5 µg / L at 0.39 µg / L for 2,4-D, and 0.06 µg / L at 0.02 µg / L for lambda-cyhalothrin. However, these values are higher than the international standard (WHO) which is 0.1µg / L at the exit of the plantations and in the waters of the Lobo except the values ​​of 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Synthetic Pyrethroids Pesticide Residues in Soils and Drinking Water Sources from Cocoa Farms in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicta Y. Fosu-Mensah ◽  
Elvis D. Okoffo ◽  
Michael Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Cocoa Farm ◽  
Soil And Water

The contamination of pesticides in 32 soils and 64 drinking water samples was investigated from cocoa farms in the Dormaa West District of Ghana to assess pollution status. A total of nine synthetic pyrethroids pesticides were measured with a high resolution Varian CP-3800 Gas Chromatograph equipped with <sup>63</sup>Ni electron capture detector (ECD). Eight synthetic pyrethroid residues namely fenvalerate, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, allethrin and cyfluthrin were detected with lambda-cyhalothrin and allethrin occurring most frequently in soil and water respectively. The concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids residues in the soil samples were in the ranges of; 0.02-0.03 mg/kg for lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.010-0.02 mg/kg for allethrin, 0.010-0.04 mg/kg for cyfluthrin, &lt;0.01-0.04 mg/kg for cypermethrin, 0.02-0.06 mg/kg for deltamethrin, and &lt;0.01-0.03 mg/kg for bifenthrin. Similarly, the synthetic pyrethroids residues in the water samples were in the ranges of; 0.01-0.05 µg/L for allethrin, 0.01-0.04 µg/L for fenvalerate, 0.01-0.04 µg/L for cypermethrin and 0.01-0.05 µg/L for deltamethrin. The concentrations of synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues recorded in the soil samples analysed were generally below and within their respective US MRLs for agricultural soils, except the mean concentration values recorded for pesticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin at Diabaa (S2) and Krakrom (S3), allethrin at Diabaa (S2) and deltamethrin at Kwakuanya (S4), which were above their respective US MRLs for agricultural soils. The trends of synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues in the water samples analysed from the various distances to cocoa farms decreased with an increase of water source to cocoa farm (ranking; 0-15m&gt;16-30m&gt;above 30m). All synthetic pyrethroids pesticide residues recorded in the water samples were below and within their respective WHO MRLs for drinking water except for deltamethrin, which exceeded the WHO MRL at Kwakuanya (S4) at distance 0-15m from a cocoa farm. The presence of synthetic pyrethroids residues in the soil and water samples analysed is an indication of the use of the pesticide by cocoa farmers in the study area. The routine monitoring of pesticide residues in the study area is necessary for the control and reduction of environmental pollution.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as a fast and simple method for the determination of several antibiotics in different aqueous matrices

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Voigt ◽  
Dirk Skutlarek ◽  
Christian Timm ◽  
Christiane Schreiber ◽  
Carsten Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Tandem Mass

Environmental contextAntibiotic residues released to the environment could influence the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and hence their spread within the aquatic environment. We report a multi-method approach for determining 47 antibiotics in wastewater, surface water, drinking water and groundwater. The method provides a rapid screening of water samples for common antibiotics that have the potential to alter natural bacterial populations. AbstractA simple and rapid liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the determination of 47 different antibiotics in water samples was developed. A straightforward sample preparation of aqueous samples could be established using a simple dilution step with a mixture of water and acetonitrile (+ 0.8gL−1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)), subsequent filtration through a hydrophilised polytetrafluoroethylene (H-PTFE) syringe filter and a subsequent direct injection. The multi-analyte method presented includes substances from eleven classes of antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolide antibiotics, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, glycopeptid antibiotics, oxazolidinones and nitroimidazoles). The method is characterised by a typical dynamic range from 0.01µgL−1 to a maximum of 5µgL−1, with good linearity regression coefficients (r2&gt;0.99) and suitable recovery rates (generally from 65±13% to 117±5%) in spiked drinking water, surface water, groundwater and simulated treated wastewater. Suitable limits of quantification between 3.3ngL−1 and 190ngL−1 could be obtained, which are sufficient to determine low levels of antibiotic residues in the aquatic environment. The efficiency of the developed method was tested by analysing the residual concentrations of antibiotics in a small creek in Germany (‘Swistbach’). Sulfamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim could be detected frequently, with calculated detection frequencies of 94–100% and 29–47%, as well as macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin (50–60%), clarithromycin (82–94%), clindamycin (88–100%) and erythromycin (41–53%). The determined concentrations were in a range between 0.01µgL−1 and 0.43µgL−1 downstream of the municipal wastewater treatment plants, whereas no antibiotics could be detected upstream.

scholarly journals Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water in Different Areas of District Charsadda, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi ◽  
Inayat-Ur-Rahman Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Health Risk Factor ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Pesticides residues were determined quantitatively in drinking water samples collected fromdistrict Charsadda of the province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan employing GC-MS technique. Thesurvey was conducted soon after the flood in 2010. Aldicarb (0.003 mg/L) was found only in C7, whileresidues of acetachlor (0.001 mg/L) was found in C8. Among the pesticides quantified Chlorpyrifosdelivered highest amount of residues in C8, C9, C10, C11 and C12. Residues of o, p'-DDT were foundhigher in C1 to C6 than the permitted value (0.002 mg/L), while higher concentration of Pyridaben thanthe allowed value (0.0001 mg/L) was resulted in C1, C5, C6 and C14. Residues of Carbofuran, Atrazine,a-Endosulfan and Dieldrin, b-Endosulfan, Difenoconazole-1 and Difenoconazole-2 were not detectedin any of the collected water samples. Concentrations of rest of the pesticides residues detected in watersamples were within the permissible limits. The study revealed that water samples collected from districtCharsadda are highly contaminated with pesticides, which is a health risk factor for the inhabitant ofthis areas.

scholarly journals Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Surface and Ground Water in Hungary: Surveys in 1990–2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Székács ◽  
Mária Mörtl ◽  
Béla Darvas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Farming ◽  
Water Pollutant ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Over 2000 surface, ground and raw drinking water samples have been analyzed in the frame of different monitoring projects in Hungary and watercourses in neighboring countries between 1990 and 2015. Effects of pesticide contamination on ecological farming and drinking water supply have been assessed. Main water pollutant ingredients of agricultural origin in Hungary are herbicides related to maize production. After EU pesticide re-registration, diazinon, atrazine, and trifluralin gradually disappeared as contaminants. High levels of water soluble pollutants (e.g., acetochlor) in surface water result in temporarily enhanced levels in raw drinking water as well. Extreme levels observed for herbicide residues were of agrochemical industrial origin.

STRESS PADA LANSIA MENJADI FAKTOR PENYEBAB DAN AKIBAT TERJADINYA PENYAKIT

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidaayah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Available Resources

Stress conditions in the elderly means an imbalance condition of biological, psychological, and social are closely related to the response to the threats and dangers faced by the elderly. Pressure or interference that is not fun is usually created when the elderly see a mismatch between the state and the 3 systems available resources. Maintenance actions that need to be done there are 2 types, namely : prevention of exposure to a stressor (precipitation factor) and serious treatment of the imbalance condition/ illness (precipitation factor). Prevention includes: sports, hobbies, friendship, avoid eating foods high in free radicals and harmful substances, sex and setting arrangements adequate rest. Habits of the above if done at a young age to avoid exposure to stress in the elderly. Treatment of the imbalance condition / illness, include : drinking water, meditation, eating fresh fruit, and adequate rest.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING TAP WATER IN KHANTY-MANSIYSK AND SALEKHARD

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
V.V. Lapenko ◽  
L.N. Bikbulatova ◽  
E.M. Ternikova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Environment

Water is very important for humans, as it is a solvent for metabolic products. Moreover, it is necessary for metabolism, biochemical and transport processes. The elemental status in persons depends on the geochemical environment and consumption of bioelements with food and water. The aim of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of chemical composition of drinking tap water in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition of 100 samples of drinking tap water was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry and capillary electrophoresis. All in all, there were 50 samples from Khanty-Mansiysk and 50 samples from Salekhard. The results were compared with Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.1.4.1074-01. Results. Drinking tap water in Salekhard contains a significantly higher concentration of iron, which is much above the maximum allowable concentration, if compared to water samples in Khanty-Mansiysk (p=0.03). In the cities under consideration, the water undergoes high-quality reagent-free treatment. However, the deterioration of the water supply networks in Salekhard is 3 times as high as in Khanty-Mansiysk. Calcium and magnesium concentration in water samples from Khanty-Mansiysk is 5.6 and 3.9 times lower than the MAC; in water samples from Salekhard calcium concentration is 6.3 (p=0.008) and magnesium concentration 4.6 (p<0.001) times lower than the MAC. Conclusion. The consumption of ultra-fresh drinking water leads to low intake of bioelements, which are a part of enzymes contributing to the human antioxidant defense and can result in manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. This is especially true for Salekhard with very soft drinking water and high iron concentration, which excess can exhibit prooxidant properties. Keywords: tap water, bioelements, northern region, antioxidants. Вода является важнейшим соединением для человека: необходима в качестве растворителя продуктов метаболизма и протекания обменных, биохимических и транспортных процессов. Элементный статус организма человека зависит от геохимического окружения и поступления биоэлементов с пищей и водой. Цель. Провести комплексную оценку химического состава водопроводной воды городов Ханты-Мансийск и Салехард. Материалы и методы. Методами атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, спектрофотометрии и капиллярного электрофореза проанализирован химический состав 100 проб водопроводной воды: по 50 из Ханты-Мансийска и Салехарда. Результаты сравнивали с СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01. Результаты. В водопроводной воде Салехарда установлена превышающая ПДК и достоверно более высокая концентрация железа сравнительно с водой Ханты-Мансийска (р=0,03). При условии качественной безреагентной водоподготовки в изучаемых городах это обусловлено изношенностью водопроводных сетей в Салехарде, более чем в 3 раза превышающей этот показатель в Ханты-Мансийске. Концентрация кальция и магния в воде Ханты-Мансийска в 5,6 и 3,9 раза ниже ПДК; в воде Салехарда – в 6,3 (р=0,008) и 4,6 (р<0,001) раза ниже ПДК соответственно. Заключение. Употребление ультрапресной питьевой воды на фоне очень малого поступления с водой биоэлементов, входящих в состав ферментов антиоксидантной защиты организма человека, может привести к манифестации кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Это особенно актуально для г. Салехарда с очень мягкой питьевой водой с повышенным содержанием железа, избыток которого может проявлять прооксидантные свойства. Ключевые слова: водопроводная вода, биоэлементы, северный регион, антиоксиданты.

Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and MTBE in drinking water sources in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simazaki ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Nationwide surveys of 1,4-dioxane and methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) levels in raw water used for the drinking water supply were conducted at 91 water treatment plants in Japan in 2001 and 2002, prior to the revision of the drinking water quality standards. 1,4-dioxane was widely and continuously detected in raw water samples and its occurrence was more frequent and its concentrations higher in groundwater than in surface water. However, its maximum concentration in raw water was much lower than its new standard value (50 μg/L), which was determined as a level of 10−5 excessive cancer risk to humans. Trace levels of MTBE were also detected in several surface water samples.

Applying Bacteriological Parameters for Evaluating Underground Water Quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. El-Zanfaly ◽  
A. M. Shabaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Bacterial Pollution ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

A total of 111 water samples were drawn from 15 wells. These samples were subjected to bacteriological examinations to determine the suitability of the monitored wells as source for drinking water. Significant levels of bacterial pollution indicators were detected in the underground water samples during the period of study. Total bacterial counts ranged between 10-104CFU/ml. Faecal streptococci was the most common and detected in 9 6% of water samples. Lower percentages of samples (92, 55 and 45%) were contaminated with total coliforms, faecal coliforms and total clostridia, respectively. Faecal coliforms: faecal streptococci was less than 0.7 in 86% of the examined samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in the examined well water samples. Only 101 water samples were tested for anaerobic spore-formers and all showed positive results. Most examined wells do not meet the water quality standards for drinking water. Accordingly, the necessity of controllin bacterial pollution in ground-water through disinfection was clearly confirmed. Testing the underground water for more than one indicator represents an important approach for water quality assurance.

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