scholarly journals PAIN MANAGEMENT WITH PENTHROX INHALER IN PREHOSPITAL CARE:LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 941-949
Author(s):  
Sobur Setiaman ◽  
◽  
Yuly Peristiowati ◽  
Agusta Dian Ellina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Pain Intervention ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Problem Patient

Introduction:Traumas that give symptoms of severe pains could lead to stress induced pain if not given an immediate pain relief. Penthroxinhaler an immediate pain reliever, can be given in pre-hospital services by ambulance officers (paramedics or ambulance nurses). Penthroxinhaler is a low-dose Methoxyflurane single-use inhaler, and has been used for more than 40 years in the medical field in managing trauma pain. Aim:The purpose of this study was to explore the original research related to the prospects of trauma pain management with Penthrox Inhaler, the benefits of using Penthrox inhaler in pre-hospital trauma pain management, and to identify the side effects from using Penthrox Inhaler based on researches published in international journals. Method:The method used in this literature review is the PICO method a type of systematic literature review. Problem/patient: Severe pain. Intervention: Penthrox Inhaler, Comparison: none. Outcome: Pain relief, Keyword : Pain relief. Result:The administration of Low Dose Methoxyflurane in cases of trauma pain showed a very significant effect.GivingLow Dose Methoxyflurane was given faster to the patientcompared to other drugs. With the provision of LDM, the pain reduction was with a VAS value, which stated very satisfying by 42.8% and satisfying 67.3%. The side effects of using gas drugs are generally seen, whether it causes neprotoxicity and the level of tolerability by the patient himself.Before giving Methoxyflurane to patients, must ensure that the oxygen saturation level is above 90% and the maximum dosage given must be 6 ml in the span of 2 hours to reduce side effects.Ambulance officers can be safe with an exposure time of 8 hours while administering Penthrox to patients.

scholarly journals POST-OPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF FOR LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERY

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
ROBINA FIRDOUS
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Alternate Route ◽  
Parenteral Route ◽  
Group I ◽  
Post Operative Pain

The severity of post-operative pain and the lack of efforts in relievingit have led to the involvement of Anaesthesiologists in the management of post-operative and acute pain. Parenteralopiates have been utilized for post-operative pain management. The identification of the opioid receptors on substantiagelatinosa has provided an alternate route i.e 1 the epidural route - for administering opiates. Objectives: To evaluateand compare the efficacy and side effects of parenteral Buprenorphine with those of Extradural Buprenorphine.Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: The data was collected duringthe last three and a half years. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult patients of either sex and ages ranging from 35-45years, who underwent lower abdominal surgery, were randomly selected for the study. They were equally divided intotwo groups. Group I patients were administered Buprenorphine 0.3 mg through the epidural catheter in extraduralspace. Group II patients were given Buprenorphine 0.3 mg intramuscularly. Results: Buprenorphine through theepidural route gives better analgesia with fewer side effects as compared with the parenteral route.

scholarly journals Comparative Study in the Management of Postoperative Pain with High Dose Intravenous Paracetamol versus Tramadol

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tanudeep Kaur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Postoperative Patient ◽  
Intravenous Paracetamol

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience causing agony and several side effects in a postoperative patient. Thus effective postoperative pain management has a humanitarian role with additional medical and economic benefits Paracetamol (PCM) has been widely used as an effective analgesic and antipyretic for over a century with an established safety profile, and Tramadol is a commonly used intravenous drug for postoperative pain relief.

A 6-months, randomised, placebo-controlled evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose 7-day buprenorphine transdermal patch in osteoarthritis patients naïve to potent opioids

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Breivik ◽  
Tone Marte Ljosaa ◽  
Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen ◽  
Jan Persson ◽  
Hannu Aro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Local Skin

AbstractObjectivePatients with osteoarthritis (OA) pain often have insufficient pain relief from non-opioid analgesics. The aim of this trial was to study efficacy and tolerability of a low dose 7-day buprenorphine transdermal delivery system, added to a NSAID or coxib regimen, in opioid-naïve patients with moderate to severe OA pain.MethodsA 6 months randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study at 19 centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, in which OA patients (>40 years) with at least moderate radiographic OA changes and at least moderate pain in a hip and/or knee while on a NSAID or a coxib were randomised to a 7-day buprenorphine patch (n = 100) or an identical placebo patch (n = 99). The initial patch delivered buprenorphine 5 μg/h. This was titrated to 10 or 20 μg/h, as needed. Rescue analgesic was paracetamol 0.5–4 g daily. Statistical analysis of outcome data was mainly with a general linear model, with treatment as factor, the primary joint of osteoarthritis, baseline scores, and season as covariates.ResultsMost patients had OA-radiographic grade II (moderate) or grade III (severe), only 8 in each group had very severe OA (grade IV). The median buprenorphine dose was 10 μg/h. 31 buprenorphine-treated patients and 2 placebo-treated patients withdrew because of side effects. Lack of effect caused 12 placebo-treated and 7 buprenorphine-treated patients to withdraw. The differences in effects between treatments: Daytime pain on movement, recorded every evening on a 0–10 numeric rating scale decreased significantly more (P = 0.029) in the buprenorphine group. Patients’ Global Impression of Change at the end of the double blind period was significantly improved in the buprenorphine group (P = 0.017). The chosen primary effect outcome measure, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) OA Index for Pain (P = 0.061), and secondary outcome measures, the WOMAC OA score for functional abilities (P = 0.055), and the WOMAC total score (P = 0.059) indicated more effects from buprenorphine than placebo, but these differences were not statistically significant. In a post-hoc, subgroup analysis with the 16 patients with radiographic grad IV (very severe) excluded, WOMAC OA Index for Pain was significantly (P = 0.039) reduced by buprenorphine, compared with placebo. WOMAC OA score for stiffness and the amount of rescue medication taken did not differ. Sleep disturbance, quality of sleep, and quality of life improved in both groups. Side effects: Typical opioid side effects caused withdrawal at a median of 11 days before completing the 168 days double blind trial in 1/3 of the buprenorphine group. Mostly mild local skin reactions occurred equally often (1/3) in both groups.ConclusionsAlthough the 24 hours WOMAC OsteoArthritis Index of pain was not statistically significantly superior to placebo, day-time movement-related pain and patients’ global impression of improvement at the end of the 6-months double blind treatment period were significantly better in patients treated with buprenorphine compared with placebo. Opioid side effects caused 1/3 of the buprenorphine-patients to withdraw before the end of the 6-months double blind study period.ImplicationsA low dose 7-days buprenorphine patch at 5–20 μg/h is a possible means of pain relief in about 2/3 of elderly osteoarthritis patients, in whom pain is opioid-sensitive, surgery is not possible, NSAIDs and coxibs are not recommended, and paracetamol in tolerable doses is not effective enough. Vigilant focus on and management of opioid side effects are essential.

scholarly journals Oral Oxycodone for Acute Postoperative Pain: A Review of Clinical Trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (20;2) ◽  
pp. sE33-sE52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Wai Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Acute Postoperative Pain

Background: Opioids are the mainstay of pain management for acute postsurgical pain. Oral oxycodone is an opioid that can provide effective acute postoperative pain relief. Objectives: To evaluate the use of oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management. Study Design: This is a narrative review based on published articles searched in PubMed and Medline from 2003 to 2015 on oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management. Methods: Clinical trials related to the use of oral oxycodone for acute postoperative pain management were searched via PubMed and Medline from 2003 to 2015. The search terms used were “oral strong opioids,” “postsurgical,” “postoperative,” “post-surgical,” and “postoperative.” Treatment interventions were compared for analgesic efficacy, rescue medication use, side effects, recovery, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction. Results: There were 26 clinical trials included in the review. Oral oxycodone showed superior postoperative analgesic efficacy compared with placebo in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, abdominal or pelvic surgery, bunionectomy, breast surgery, and spine surgery. When compared with intravenous opioids, oral oxycodone provided better or comparable pain relief following knee arthroplasty, spine surgery, caesarean section, laparoscopic colorectal surgery, and cardiac surgery. One study of dental postsurgery pain reported inferior pain control with oral oxycodone versus rofecoxib. (withdrawn from the US market due to cardiac safety concerns). In many studies, the demand for rescue analgesia and total opioid consumption were reduced in the oxycodone treatment arm. Patients receiving oral oxycodone experienced fewer opioid-related side effects than those on other opioids, and had a similar occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting as patients on placebo. Furthermore, oral oxycodone did not prolong hospital stay and was associated with lower drug costs compared with epidural and intravenous analgesics. Oxycodone administered as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen produced superior pain relief with fewer side effects and a reduced hospital stay. Limitation: There is a limited number of randomized double blinded studies in individual surgical operations, thus making it more difficult to come up with definitive conclusions. Conclusion: Oral oxycodone appears to offer safe and effective postoperative analgesia, and is a well-accepted and reasonable alternative to standard intravenous opioid analgesics. Key words: Postoperative, pain, analgesia, oral oxycodone, opioid

scholarly journals Multimodal Pain Management in the Setting of Palliative Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija V. Sholjakova ◽  
Vesna M. Durnev
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Multimodal Pain Management ◽  
Addictive Drugs ◽  
Analgesic Therapy ◽  
Good Organization

Pain as an integral part of palliative care (PC) is often present at the end of the life. Today, many different analgesics from opioids and non- opioids origin are in use. The integration of their use is the most effective method for pain relief. The aim of this chapter is to discuss different therapeutic approaches to pain management in palliative care. Palliative care is being confronted between the expectations and the possibilities to provide an efficient relief from the symptoms, the pain and the stress. The possibility to use opioids for pain management, with all side effects, and non-addictive drugs as additional treatment, improves the quality and the duration of life for the patients in palliative care. Since the origin of the pain is different, the use of analgesic therapy should be individualized and adapted to the real need of every person. Finally, only a good organization and institutionalization of palliative care in the society could allow for better prevention of suffering at the end of the life.

scholarly journals An Integrative Literature Review on Pain Alleviation Interventions for Hospitalized Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-266
Author(s):  
Haeryun Cho ◽  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Shin-Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Electronic Search

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review pain alleviation intervention for Korean pediatric inpatients with reference to Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort. Methods: Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methods were used. Articles published in Korean or English were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly web sites. Scientific, peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2019 were included in this review. Twenty-seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: Among the 27 selected studies, three were descriptive, while 24 were interventional studies related to pain alleviation interventions. Pain alleviation interventions showed three attributes: identifying pain triggers and the child’s response to pain, effective strategies for pain relief, and nurses’ competence in pain management. Conclusion: The three attributes of pain alleviation interventions using the theory of comfort shown in this study were identified as important factors for obtaining evidence-based data on how to enhance the comfort of hospitalized pediatric patients. In addition, the attributes of pain alleviation interventions should be considered for hospitalized pediatric patients and their family members.

The Application of Entonox for Pain Relief

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-170
Author(s):  
Peter J.F. Baskett
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Injured Patient ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Seriously Ill

Pain relief is important — not only for humane reasons — but also for protection of the circulation and tissue perfusion which suffer as a result of the enormous secretion of catecholamines which occur. In the operating room during anesthesia we take care to combat this trend by giving adequate analgesics, and it is logical that we should attempt to take similar steps in the prehospital care phase.One of the reasons why the provision of analgesia is so poor in practice is that the usual parenteral agents — the opiates — are accompanied by side effects which are particularly dangerous in the seriously ill or injured patient. The introduction of low dose ketamine, however, has altered this position somewhat, offering, as it does, good analgesia without significant depression of respiration or the circulation.A major practical difficulty in providing analgesia outside hospital lies in the fact that the majority of the patients are being cared for by personnel who are not physicians. We, therefore, need an agent which can be administered by an ambulance attendant or trained rescuer. In many countries the opiates and ketamine may only be administered by a physician and therefore they are effectively ruled out for the majority of patients.Let us look at the properties of an ideal analgesic for use outside hospital. It should be: 1) effective but safe; 2) have no undesirable side effects; 3) have a rapid onset and short duration of action; 4) be easy to administer; and 5) be capable of being used by paramedical personnel.

scholarly journals Música e parto: uma terapia para o alívio da dor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (34) ◽  
pp. 277-286
Author(s):  
Stefani Bernardino Lorencetto ◽  
Stephany Correia Lemes ◽  
Camila Breviglieri Bertella ◽  
Bianca Massari Tuci ◽  
Janize Silva Maia
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

A dor proveniente do trabalho de parto no Brasil é sinônimo de sofrimento, comumente associada ao medo entre as gestantes. Descrever os benefícios proporcionados pela musicoterapia para alívio da dor do parto. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PUBMED, BVS, BDENF, nos idiomas português e inglês, publicados no período de 2000 a 2020. Foram encontrados 3.590 artigos, mas após a análise dos resultados, e por meio dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 27 artigos. As principais evidências observadas foram que a musicoterapia pode proporcionar à parturiente diminuição do medo, da ansiedade, relaxamento, distração da dor, dentre outros benefícios. A musicoterapia é um método não farmacológico, não invasivo, simples, de baixo custo, eficiente, seguro e que não possui efeitos colaterais e pode ser utilizado para o alívio da dor do parto.Descritores: Dor do Parto, Musicoterapia, Trabalho de Parto, Manejo da Dor. Music and childbirth: a therapy for pain reliefAbstract: In Brazil, the pain from labor means suffering, which is often linked to fear among pregnant women. To describe the benefits provided by music therapy with regards to labor pain. An integrative literature review of pieces from the PUBMED, BVS and BDENF databases published between 2000 and 2020 was carried out in Portuguese and English. Were found 3.590 articles, but only 27 articles were selected after applying the exclusion criteria and analyzing articles results. The main evidence noted were the decrease in fear and anxiety as well as relaxation and distraction from pain experienced by pregnant women through the use of music therapy, amongst others benefits. Music therapy is a non-pharmacological, non-invasive, simple, affordable, efficient and safe method without side effects which can be used to relieve labor pain.Descriptors: Labor Pain, Music Therapy, Childbirth, Pain Management. Música y el parto: una terapia para el alivio del dolorResumen: El dolor proveniente del trabajo de parto en Brasil es sinónimo de sufrimiento, comúnmente asociada al miedo entre las gestantes. Describir los beneficios proporcionados por la musicoterapia para alivio del dolor del parto. Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos PUBMED, BVS, BDENF, en los idiomas portugués e inglés, publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Fueron encontrados 3590 artículos. Después de analizar los resultados fueron escogidos 27 artículos por criterio de exclusión. Las principales evidencias observadas fueron que la musicoterapia puede proporcionar a la parturiente diminución del miedo, de la ansiedad, relajamiento, distracción del dolor, entre otros beneficios. La musicoterapia es un método no farmacológico, no evasivo, simple, de bajo costo, eficiente, seguro y que no tiene efectos colaterales y puede ser utilizado para alivio del dolor del parto.Descriptores: Dolor del Parto, Musicoterapia, Trabajo del Parto, Manejo del Dolor.

scholarly journals Analgesic combinations as a strategy for pain relief and isobolographic analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracely Evangelina Chávez-Piña ◽  
Arlette Guadalupe Arroyo-Lira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Isobolographic Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Pain is a multidimensional sensory experience that is intrinsically unpleasant and associated with hurting and soreness, it is essentially a sensation. Pain has strong, cognitive and emotional components, it is linked to, or described in terms of suffering. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics are two of the most common types of drugs used for pain management. However, the use of these analgesics is limited by the presence of significant adverse effects. A useful practice is a combination of two agents with the same therapeutic effect wherein each agent is administered to obtain additive, synergistic or subadditive interaction in a fixed ratio. If the combination resulted in addition or synergism, the doses employed by each agent are reduced, then the side effects are absent; this kind of study is named isobolographic analysis. In this review, the authors summarized previous reports of the combination of NSAIDs with opioids and natural products as an alternative in the pain management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Efficacy of Depo-Med Role Injection in Post-Operative Pain Relief for Lumbar Discectomy Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
MUDASSIR RASHEED ◽  
AMMAR ANWER ◽  
SHAHZAD SHAMS
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lumbar Discectomy ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year

Objectives:  The main objective of the study was to analyze the efficacy of Depo-medrole injection in post-operative pain relief after lumbar discectomy. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the Neurosurgery department of Mayo Hospital KEMU, Lahore during March 2018 to September 2018. The data was collected from 50 patients of lumbar discectomy randomly into two groups. One was operated patients and in group 2 patients were injected with local Depo-med role after lumbar discectomy. We studied the efficacy of Depo-med role injection in the second group. Pain intensity was measured using VAS from the whole sample at two weeks, four weeks, three months and last at one year post operatively. Results: Data were collected from 50 patients. These patients were divided into two groups, 25 in group one and 25 in group two. The mean age of group one was 30.14 ± 8.15 and for group two was 29.82 ± 7.16. Both groups neither contrasted by age (p = 0.187) nor as indicated by term of side effects (p = 0.639) at the season of operation. Conclusion: The usage of low dose Depo-med role decreased an abrupt lumbago and pain leg after surgery effectively. But it needs more observations due to small nonrandomized sample. 

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