Salt-induced changes in solutes, pigments and essential oil of two basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) genotypes under hydroponic cultivation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt stress on the contents of inorganic and organic solutes, pigments and essential oil in two basil genotypes cultivated in hydroponic system. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to two contrasting genotypes (‘Toscano folha de alface’ (TFA) and ‘Gennaro de menta’ (GM)) and two salt levels (0 - control and 80 mM NaCl), with six replicates. The Na+, Cl- and K+ accumulation in the leaves, stem and roots did not differ between genotypes. Salt stress increased free amino acids accumulation in the leaves of the TFA genotype. The proline content increased in the roots of both genotypes. However, in GM genotype, the proline content (3.12 mmol g-1 dry mass (DM)) was around 2-fold greater when compared to TFA genotype (1.48 mmol g-1 DM). The salt stress increased the photosynthetic pigments content only in the GM genotype. Inorganic solutes and photosynthetic pigments content are not good indicators of salt-tolerance in the studied genotypes. Under salt stress, there was increase in oil content in GM genotype, while the TFA genotype showed a decrease compared to control treatment. In spite of showing lower oil content, the TFA genotype showed higher yield and productivity of essential oil compared to GM under salt stress conditions.

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Essential oil content and composition in various ecotypes of damask rose from different ecological regions

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2021.1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Mehran Kanani ◽

Esmaeil Chamani ◽

Ali Akbar Shokouhian ◽

Mousa Torabi-Giglou

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Proline Content ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Ecological Regions ◽

Rose Oil ◽

Damask Rose ◽

Therapeutic Processes ◽

Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Rosa damascena as a holy ancient plant with modern uses in perfumery and therapeutic processes, should be more investigated due to its utilization in food ingredients, preclinical and clinical studies, and cosmetics industry. Here, we have evaluated the proline content, total phenol of sepal and petal, oil content, and essential oil (EO) composition in different damask rose ecotypes [(Oroumieh; OR), (Golab; GB), (Oskou; OS), (London; LN), and (Mahallat; MT)]. The highest proline and oil content produced in GB ecotype. There was a positive correlation between oil content and proline production in ecotypes (r2 = 0.8064). The major compounds of rose EOs in OR, GB, OS, and MT ecotypes were nonadecane, heneicosane, citronellol, and geraniol. Whereas the main compounds in LN oil were heneicosane (11.43%), Z-5-nonadecene (10.34%), citronellol (8.84%), and geraniol (6.97%). The highest content of Terpenes + Sesquiterpenes were produced in GB followed by MT, while the lowest Terpenes + Sesquiterpenes content were in OR and LN, respectively. Based on the uses of rose oil for cosmetics, medicine, and/or therapeutic processes, the specific ecotype with distinct oil profile can be proposed.

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Application of phytohormones as attenuators of salt stress in Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae)

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.37427/botcro-2022-001 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

Marlon Gomes Dias ◽

José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽

Wellington Souto Ribeiro ◽

Paulo José de Moraes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Leaf Dry Mass ◽

Tropaeolum Majus

The salinity of the soil and irrigation water is one of the great challenges of agriculture. Salinity can have harmful effects on physiological processes and plant growth, including Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae). The application of phytohormones can be a strategy to mitigate these effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and polyamine as attenuators of salt stress in T. majus. Three levels of salt stress were used: 0 mM NaCl (no stress), 50 mM NaCl (moderate stress) and 100 mM NaCl (severe stress). Four phytohormones and a control treatment were used: control (deionized water), jasmonic acid (200 µM), salicylic acid (2 mM), cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine – 10 µM) and polyamine (spermine – 1 mM). Growth and gas exchange parameters were evaluated. Applied in conditions of moderate salt stress, all the phytohormones were efficient in improving plant height and leaf area (except salicylic acid); cytokinin and polyamine improved the number of flowers as well as gs, A and iCE; jasmonic acid improved the stem dry mass and total dry mass. In relation to severe salt stress, applications of jasmonic acid and polyamine were efficient in improving plant height; cytokinin improved leaf dry mass as well as gs, A, E, WUE, iWUE and iCE. The application of cytokinin, polyamine and jasmonic acid can be used to mitigate moderate salt stress in T. majus.

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Chromium induced changes in growth and physiological attributes of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L), an important medicinal plant

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.3.1120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ashyana Kouser ◽

Athar Ali Khan

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Proline Content ◽

Cichorium Intybus ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact ◽

Important Medicinal Plant

This study was conducted to determine the impact of different concentrations (25, 37.5 and 50 mg kg-1 soil) of chromium (Cr) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, proline content, activities of antioxidant enzymes and seed yield of Cichorium intybus in a pot experiment. The results revealed that all the Cr treatments significantly (P </= 0.05) reduced the growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents), protein content and seed yield in C. intybus. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and proline content in C. intybus leaves increased significantly (P </= 0.05) with increasing levels of Cr treatments. Cr accumulation was found greater in the roots than in the shoots and enhanced with increasing Cr concentrations. Hence, C. intybus may serve as a bio-meter of Cr in Cr contaminated soils.

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Hydroponic cultivation of Oncidium baueri

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2823 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2823

Author(s):

Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues ◽

Adriane Marinho de Assis ◽

Ricardo Tadeu Faria ◽

Marcia Wullf Schuch ◽

Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Bare Root

In Brazil, orchid cultivation has been increasing steadily over the last few years and contributing significantly to the economy. It has been reported that several vegetable crops and ornamentals have been successfully grown by soilless cultivation. The orchid Oncidium baueri Lindl. is grown on pot substrates. Nevertheless, hydroponics is an excellent alternative, especially for the production of cut flowers and bare root plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of Oncidium baueri on two soilless systems: (a) pots containing Amafibra® coconut fiber, carbonized rice husk, and pine bark (1:1:1) irrigated with nutrient solution every 15 d; and (b) a nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic system irrigated with nutrient solution daily. Shoot height, pseudobulb diameter, and number of sprouts were evaluated monthly. The number of flowering plants, number of flowers, dry mass of shoots, and dry mass of roots were evaluated 11 months after onset of experiment. The pot cultivation system yielded more flowers and higher values for all vegetative parameters than the NFT hydroponic system.

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Influence of Salt Stress on Proline and Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.1.19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ja'afar Umar ◽

Adamu Aliyu ◽

Kasimu Shehu ◽

Lawal Abubakar

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Measured Data ◽

Proline Content ◽

Free Proline ◽

Ionic Effect ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Mass Accumulation

Many plants accumulate high levels of free proline content (pro) and glycine betaine (GB) in response to abiotic stress, Pro and GB act as an osmoprotectant. Generally, these levels are high than those required to be used in protein synthesis. Salinity inhibition of plant growth is the result of osmotic and ionic effect and different plant species have developed different mechanisms to cope with those effects. In this study, accumulation of osmolytes of twenty tomato genotypes was evaluated in response to salinity stress. The seedlings of each genotype were divided into three groups, Sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in irrigation water to make variant concentration of 30 and 60 mg/L of salt concentration using electrical conductivity meter which were used to water the plants. Level of free proline and glycine betaine were measured. Data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance using SPSS (20) Statistical Software. Dry mass accumulation decreased with increased salt concentration in all the genotypes. However, the result differ significantly (P< 0.05). The highest dry mass accumulations at control were recorded on Tropimech and Giofranco F. with 6.00 and 5.97. The lowest dry mass accumulations were recorded on plant treated with 60mg/L of salt. Dangainakawa recorded the least accumulation of dry mass on plants treated with 60mg/l of salt with 0.90g followed by Dan Gombe with 1.47g respectively. The highest free proline content of 1.46 µmolg-1was recorded on Dan gainakawa at plant treated with 60 mg/L of NaCl. The lowest proline content was recorded at control on Giofranco F. with 0.17 µmolg-1The highest GB content in all the plants were recorded at plants treated with 60 mg/L. However, the highest GB content (1.67) among the 20 (P<0.05) were recorded at 60 mg/L in Rio Grande followed by Bahaushe with 1.50 µmolg-1. In conclusion, GB and Pro are osmoregulators produced by tomato in response to stress so as to alleviate the consequence effects of salt stress.

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Nano-iron fertilizer effects on some plant traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under different sowing densities

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2016.107.2.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 429 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Saeed YOUSEFZADEH ◽

Naser Sabaghnia

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Planting Density ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Flowering Branch ◽

Fertilizer Rates ◽

Essential Oil Yield ◽

Iron Fertilizer

evaluate the effects of iron nano-fertilizer rates (0, 1, 2 and 3 g l-1) and planting density levels (10, 15, 20 and 40 cm) on the fresh herb, essential oil content and other traits under the natural conditions. Traits such as number of flowering branches (NFB), height of first flowering branch (HFB), number of secondary branches (NSB), stem diameter (SD), essential oil content (EOC), dry mass (DM), essential oil yield (EOY), total anthocyanins (TA), chlorophyll a (CA), chlorophyll b (CB), flavonoid 270 nm (F270), flavonoid 300 nm (F300), and total flavonoid (TF) were measured. Results showed that the nano Fe treatment × trait (TT) biplot accounted 39 % and 25 % of total variation, respectively. The vertex treatments in polygon biplot were D2-N2 (15 cm density and 1 g l-1 nano-fertilizer) was the best in the EOC, DM and EOY, while D4-N3 (40 cm density and 2 g l-1 nano-fertilizer) was the best for TA, F270, F300 and TF. Sowing densities (10, 15 and 20 cm) with iron nano-fertilizer treatments (1 and 2 g l-1) were the best combinations of evaluated factors for all the measured traits of the dragonhead.

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Changes in the essential oil content and terpene composition of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) by using plant biostimulants

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2016.107.1.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 107 (1) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amir FOROUTAN NIA ◽

Hassanali NAGHDI BADI ◽

Ali MEHRAFARIN ◽

Sanaz BAHMAN ◽

Mehdi SEIF SAHANDI

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Rosmarinus Officinalis L ◽

Complete Fertilizer ◽

Maximum Content ◽

Rosemary Essential Oil

Plant biostimulants can stimulate the increase of growth, metabolism and the biosynthesis of metabolites in plants. This study investigated the changes of rosemary essential oil and its components composition under use of biostimulants for the possible reduction in use of chemical fertilizers. Treatments included biostimulants based on amino acids in four formulations, Aminolforte, Kadostim, Humiforte, and Fosnutren (each of them at 0.75 and 1.5 L ha-1), and application of N.P.K fertilizer as a control treatment (by applied complete fertilizer at 100 kg per hectar with proportion of 15:8:15 percentage of N:P:K in the fertilizer). Results showed that the essential oil content and its components were significantly affected by biostimulants application. The maximum content of essential oil was obtained at 1.5 L ha-1 Humiforte and both concentrations of Aminolforte. While, the highest content of α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor as major components of rosemary essential oil were obtained at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren. In addition, the maximum content of linalool, z-pinocamphone, bornyl acetate, and caryophyllene oxide were observed at 1.5 L ha-1 Fosnutren.Although, the highest content of myrcene and verbenone was obtained in the treatment with N.P.K fertilizer, but the maximum contents of β-pinene, camphene, borneol, and α-terpineol were related to the both concentrations of Aminolforte.We can conclude that biostimulants based on amino acids can be an effective alternative in reducing the use of chemical fertilizer and increasing the quantity and quality of rosemary essential oil.

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Anatomical and physiological characteristics of leaves from Eugenia dysenterica DC. can predict nutritional deficiency symptoms

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.05.p3003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 683-694

Author(s):

Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽

Luciana Cristina Vitorino ◽

Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽

Sebastião de Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Mass Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nutritional Deficiency ◽

Physiological Data ◽

Spongy Parenchyma ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Matter Production ◽

Eugenia Dysenterica

Plants receiving insufficient concentrations of the different essential nutrients may respond symptomatically to this stress. However, when the first visible symptoms of nutritional deficiency appear, plants already exhibit significant changes in their structure. As seedlings of E. dysenterica are important for the recovery of degraded areas and as the fruits of this species are widely exploited commercially, we decided to evaluate whether the omission of nutrients may affect the leaf anatomical ultrastructure, dry matter production and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in this plant, in an attempt to use data of this nature to predict symptoms of nutritional deficiency in seedlings of this species. For this purpose, we grow seedlings in a hydroponic system, offering all nutrients and also omitting each nutrient individually. Thus, we evaluated the effect of the omission of each nutrient on the anatomical leaf structure, dry mass production and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Seedlings that grew in the absence of Ca and Mn exhibited compromised spongy parenchyma and mesophyll development, while the omission of K and Mg increased the number of epidermal cells and stomata. Low dry mass production in E. dysenterica was related to the omission of S and Mn, while P, N and Fe deficiencies directly affected the synthesis of pigments. Thus, leaf anatomical and physiological data can predict nutritional deficiency conditions, enabling the user to diagnose the deficiency before the onset of symptoms in E. dysenterica seedlings. Our results may help investigators to understand the effects of nutritional omissions on other native Cerrado plants

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The growth, flowering and chemical composition of leaves of three ecotypes of Allium ursinum L.

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.058 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽

Anna Michowska

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Oil Content ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Allium Ursinum ◽

The Subject

The experiment was conducted in the Botanical Garden of UMCS in Lublin. A collection of three ecotypes of Allium ursinum L. from Dukla, Roztocze Region and Bieszczady mountain range, were the subject of our study. The aim of the study was to compare the biometrical features and chemical composition of garlic leaves. There were substantial differences both in growth characteristics and flowering characteristics of the ecotypes of Allium ursinum. The Dukla ecotype formed the longest leaves, whereas the shortest ones were found in the Roztocze ecotype. The Bieszczady ecotype was characterized by the widest leaf blades, the longest leaf stalk and flowering stems as well as the largest diameter of inflorescence. The Roztocze ecotype had the largest number of flowers in an inflorescence, while the Dukla ecotype had the shortest flowering stems and the fewest flowers in an inflorescence. The largest concentration of dry mass in leaves was detected in A. ursinum from Roztocze. The largest concentration of proteins was detected in the leaves of A. ursinum from Bieszczady. The most flavonoids were assayed in the leaves of the Roztocze ecotype of A. ursinum, the fewest in the Dukla one. Phenolic acids were at their highest concentration in the leaves of bear's garlic from Dukla, while the lowest concentration was recorded in the leaves of the ecotype from Bieszczady. The garlic leaves from Dukla had also the highest content of essential oil, while the Roztocze ones had the lowest oil content. The ecotypes of Allium ursinum differed substantially when it comes to the number of components of their essential oils and the amount of selected components.

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