scholarly journals Psychopathy Predicting Violent Criminal Behaviour among Adult Offenders

Psychologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Sonia Shagufta
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Violent Criminal ◽  
Violent Offence ◽  
Adult Male Offenders

The aim of the present research was to examine the role of psychopathy in predicting violent offending within a sample of adult criminal inmates from the prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan (KPK). T-test and logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher level of egocentricity and a higher level of antisocial behaviour predict a greater probability of committing violent offence. These findings provide important implications for future research in Pakistan, specifically concerning psychopathy as a risk factor for criminal and violent behaviour. The present findings will help to inform legal decisions as to whether inmates should be incarcerated as violent criminals or non-violent criminals. The conclusions of the present research are limited to incarcerated adult male offenders only; therefore, the present study remains unable to reflect the development of psychopathy in either females or the general population.    Keywords: Antisocial, Egocentricity, Incarcerated, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Psychopathy

Strain, Criminal Propensity, and Violence: Examining the Role of the Composite Moderator in Agnew’s Extension to GST

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Street Youth ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Criminal Propensity ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
General Strain ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Recent Extension

Utilizing a sample of 400 homeless street youth, this article examines Agnew’s recent extension to General Strain Theory and the identification of a composite moderator. Using an amalgamated moderator composed of low self-control, violent peers, and street code adherence, the study investigates how this combination increases the likelihood that individuals will respond to strain with violence. Findings indicate that four forms of child abuse and neglect, vicarious violent victimization, homelessness, and anger are all more likely to lead to violent offending when conditioned by the moderator. Findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are offered.

scholarly journals Continuity of cannabis use and violent offending over the life course

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1663-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schoeler ◽  
D. Theobald ◽  
J.-B. Pingault ◽  
D. P. Farrington ◽  
W. G. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Self Reports

BackgroundAlthough the association between cannabis use and violence has been reported in the literature, the precise nature of this relationship, especially the directionality of the association, is unclear.MethodYoung males from the Cambridge Study of Delinquent Development (n= 411) were followed up between the ages of 8 and 56 years to prospectively investigate the association between cannabis use and violence. A multi-wave (eight assessments, T1–T8) follow-up design was employed that allowed temporal sequencing of the variables of interest and the analysis of violent outcome measures obtained from two sources: (i) criminal records (violent conviction); and (ii) self-reports. A combination of analytic approaches allowing inferences as to the directionality of associations was employed, including multivariate logistic regression analysis, fixed-effects analysis and cross-lagged modelling.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression revealed that compared with never-users, continued exposure to cannabis (use at age 18, 32 and 48 years) was associated with a higher risk of subsequent violent behaviour, as indexed by convictions [odds ratio (OR) 7.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.19–23.59] or self-reports (OR 8.9, 95% CI 2.37–46.21). This effect persisted after controlling for other putative risk factors for violence. In predicting violence, fixed-effects analysis and cross-lagged modelling further indicated that this effect could not be explained by other unobserved time-invariant factors. Furthermore, these analyses uncovered a bi-directional relationship between cannabis use and violence.ConclusionsTogether, these results provide strong indication that cannabis use predicts subsequent violent offending, suggesting a possible causal effect, and provide empirical evidence that may have implications for public policy.

scholarly journals Bullying involvement and psychopathic personality: disentangling the links among college students

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Guilherme W. Wendt ◽  
Marli Appel-Silva ◽  
Alice P. Jones-Bartoli
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Disruptive Behaviours

There is a good deal of research about the predictors of aggressive and antisocial behaviour in children, adolescents, and adults. Additionally, previous work has established a link between psychopathic personality and disruptive behaviours among youth, with clear links to bullying. However, little is known about the role of psychopathic personality traits in the manifestation of bullying in young adults. In order to shed additional understanding on the nature of the relationship between bullying and psychopathy, the current investigation proposes to compare psychopathic personality traits in relation to participants’ roles in bullying and to examine the relationships between bullying and psychopathy. The sample comprised here involves 273 college students (Mage=25.5; SD=6.1), who responded to measures of psychopathy and bullying behaviours. With the exception of Carefree Non-Planfulness, Fearlessness, Stress Immunity and Social Influence, all other psychopathic domains measured by the PPI-R-40 were positively correlated with victimisation (rrange=.07-.35). Higher self-reporting of bullying others was linked with higher levels of Blame Externalisation, Machiavellianism, Rebellion Nonconformity, Self-Centred Impulsivity factor, Social Influence, and total psychopathy (rrange=.08-.38). Significant differences between participants’ involvement with bullying for Blame Externalisation, Machiavellian Egocentricity, Rebellion Nonconformity, Social Influence, Total Psychopathy and Self-Centred Impulsivity factor. Implications of the study, along with limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Propensity to Choose Electric Vehicles in Cross-Border Alpine Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4583
Author(s):  
Silvia Tomasi ◽  
Alyona Zubaryeva ◽  
Cesare Pizzirani ◽  
Margherita Dal Col ◽  
Jessica Balest
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Project Data

Electric vehicles (EVs) are low-carbon innovations that decrease emissions in transportation. Understanding what drives individual propensity to choose EVs supports policymakers in shaping effective low-carbon mobility policies. Within the MOBSTER Interreg project, data were collected using a survey administered to residents in three Alpine cross-border regions—Canton Ticino (Switzerland), South Tyrol (Italy), and Verbano-Cusio-Ossola (Italy)—and were analyzed with a logistic regression. This study reports on the relevant drivers of EV uptake, showing (i) that some sociodemographic attributes positively impact the propensity to choose an EV (e.g., young age and teenage children), (ii) that the presence and visibility of charging infrastructures are important, and (iii) that the role of tourism is not a driver of EV uptake. This study confirms that policies should consider sociodemographics, social practices, and physical infrastructures as playing roles in EV uptake. Future research should address the issue of access to low-carbon innovations for all.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Astra Zviedre ◽  
Arnis Engelis ◽  
Mohit Kakar ◽  
Aigars Pētersons
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Near Future

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Although, AAP and AML have different etiological factors, clinical symptoms are very much similar but treatment tactics in both the disease differ a lot. In case of AML, treatment is more conservative and does not require hospitalization while in case of AAP immediate hospitalization and maybe further surgery can be mandatory. With the identification of group of cytokines serum inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-10, IL-12[p70], IL-17, TNF-a and MCP-1, it is believed early and proper diagnosis of AAP in the near future. Research of cytokines-serum inflammatory mediators has opened new opportunities for an early detection and differentiation of these two diseases in children.

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