scholarly journals Evaluation of radiation risk for patients undergoing medical examinations in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Golikov ◽  
A. V. Vodovatov ◽  
L. A. Chipiga ◽  
I. G. Shatsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations

The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for assessing radiation risk for patients undergoing medical examinations in the Russian Federation. The methodology is based on the risk model of the ICRP Publication 103, the coefficients of lifetime radiation risk for the Russian population and the results of evaluating the doses of patients in the Russian Federation. For thirty examinations that define about 80% of the collective dose of the population of the Russian Federation from medical exposure, the radiation risk was calculated using «gold standard», — the organ doses and the corresponding sex/age risk coefficients for the Russian population. For other examinations (with the exception of mammography) the values of the risk coefficients normalized on 1 mSv of effective dose, which is the averaged value for four selected anatomical areas of the body: head, neck, chest and abdominal cavity — pelvis, were used. It is assumed that for such examinations the error of risk assessment will increase relative to the error of risk assessment for the aforementioned 30 examinations not more than 30%. It is shown that risk estimates for some examinations calculated using the “gold standard” may differ from such estimates on the base of effective dose and nominal risk coefficients averaged by age and the sex to the order of magnitude. 

Morphometric and genetic studies of the mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in Kuzbass miners with dust lung pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 611-619
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Kazitskaya ◽  
Oleg I. Bondarev ◽  
Maria S. Bugaeva ◽  
Anna G. Zhukova ◽  
Tatyana K. Yadykina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations

Introduction. The combined impact of unfavorable factors of the production environment in miners leads to the development of associated pathology of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems, the predisposition to which depends on the individual susceptibility of the body. In this regard, it is important to comprehensively study the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the formation and course of occupational and work-related diseases for a personalized approach to the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of this pathology. The purpose of this study was to study the mechanisms of damage to the cardiovascular system in miners with dust lung pathology on the basis of morphological and genetic studies. Materials and methods. For genetic studies, venous blood drawing was conducted in 190 Kuzbass miners. The main group included 126 miners of the main professions with the previously proven diagnosis "dust lung pathology", the comparison group consisted of 64 workers without a proven diagnosis working in similar sanitary and hygienic conditions. Morphometric studies were carried out using autopsy material obtained during 80 forensic medical examinations of miners in the Kemerovo region. All the miners were divided into 4 groups depending on their underground work experience. The control group was formed from 20 cases of forensic medical examinations of men who died in road accidents and did not have organ pathology according to the results of autopsies. Results. The study of the autopsy material revealed the presence of morphostructural changes in the vascular walls of the miners’ hearts in the form of hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells of the medial layers, thickening of the endothelial lining, and the development of fibroplastic changes in the perivascular zones. These changes began to form from the first years of work in the underground conditions and progressed with increasing work experience contributing to the "recalibration" of the heart vessels with the formation of the lumen "obstruction". One of the mechanisms of endothelial damage in miners was a change in the expression of the EDN1 gene, which regulates the synthesis of endothelin-1. The risk and resistance genotypes of the development of dust lung pathology for the rs5370 polymorphism of the EDN1 gene were identified. Morphostructural rearrangement of the endothelium in the combination with its pathological activation contributed to the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction in miners. Conclusions. The conducted studies of the parameters of the vascular endothelium indicate its key role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular pathology in miners of the main professions. Getting into the body of workers, particles of coal-rock dust lead to morphostructural rearrangement of the cells of the endothelial layer and its pathological activation. The contribution of molecular and genetic mechanisms to the development of occupational lung pathology and associated diseases of the circulatory system in miners is revealed. Ethics. The studies were carried out in compliance with the ethical standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, elaborated on the basis of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical Principles for Conducting Human Scientific Medical Research" as amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation" approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 19.06.2003. All workers were informed about their participation in the molecular-genetic study and gave written consent to carry it out. The research of the dead miners was based on the secondary examination of blocks and ready-made histological micro-preparations of the material of the Bureau for Forensic Medical Expert Examination of the cities of Novokuznetsk, Osinniki, and Prokopyevsk. The study of pathomorphological material was carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of 21.11.2011, No. 323-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation", in particular, with Article 67 "Carrying out pathological and anatomical autopsies", Federal Law of 12.01.1996, No. 8-FZ "On burial and funeral business" (Article 5, paragraphs 1, 2), as well as on the basis of the Order of the Ministry of Health of April 29, 1994, No. 82 "On the procedure for conducting pathological and anatomical autopsy" (Annex to the Order of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of 29.04.1994 No. 82), the Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia of 24.03.2016. No. 179n "On the rules for conducting pathological and anatomical examinations".

TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE LEVEL OF POVERTY OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION IN THE PERIOD SINCE 2008 TILL 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мария Альбертовна Елинсон ◽  
Ирина Васильевна Щербина
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Territorial Differentiation ◽  
The Russian Federation

В статье рассматривается дифференциация субъектов Российской Федерации по величине прожиточного минимума в период с 2008 по 2018 гг. Произведена группировка субъектов РФ по уровню бедности населения. Применение методов статистического, картографического анализа позволило выявить концентрацию регионов в области низких значений, рост различий между богатыми и бедными регионами. The article considers the differentiation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of minimum wage in the period from 2008 to 2018. The grouping of subjects of the country according to the level of poverty of the population is made. The application of statistical and cartographic analysis methods allowed us to identify the concentration of regions within low values, the growth of differences between rich and poor regions.

scholarly journals Development of Small Business in the Altay Territory in 2010-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
S. V. Lesovykh
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Information Support ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The article considers main trends in the small business of the Altay Territory according to results of 2011 and 2016 full-scale observations that follow the results of activities of small and medium-sized enterprises in 2010 and 2015.In the introduction, the author argues the relevance of the economic and statistical analysis of small business, which is essential for its support, as it is one of the government’s priority areas of activity at all levels when it comes to solving problems of socio-economic development. There are characteristics of information support of the analysis related to the implementation of the Federal Law No. 209-FZ from July 24, 2007 «On small and medium business development in the Russian Federation» and the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 201-r from February 14, 2009.The body of the article successively focuses on some areas of analysis - from the general characteristics of small businesses to the factual analysis of individual aspects of activities of the economic entities under review (headcount, wages and revenues, fixed assets and the scope of investment activities). The features of small enterprises development by economic activity are analyzed separately. An integrated indicator of structural differences is used to assess the significance of structural changes in small businesses. A cluster analysis of the Altay Territory municipalities was carried out and they were rated according to the small business development level. In addition, the author assessed the contribution of small business of the Altay Territory to the development of small business in the Siberian Federal District and the Russian Federation.The final section of the article draws conclusions from the authors’ own specific analysis that points to both positive and negative trends in the development of small business in the Altay Territory.

scholarly journals Periodic Medical Examinations in the Russian Federation: Challenges of Data Recording in the National Occupational Health System (Experience of the Sverdlovsk Region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
AS Shastin ◽  
VB Gurvich ◽  
VG Gazimova ◽  
VM Baratov ◽  
TS Ustyugova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
State Health ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Examinations

Background: As of today, there is no unified health information system that registers and systematizes the results of periodic medical examinations of workers exposed to occupational hazards in the Russian Federation. Our objective was to examine the results of periodic medical examinations in the Sverdlovsk Region over a five-year period. Materials and methods: We reviewed medical reports and conclusions issued by regional health facilities in 2015–2019 and submitted to the Regional Occupational Health Center of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, and analyzed completeness and timeliness of their submission. Results: We established that occupational health assessment based on the results of periodic medical examinations is complicated by late and incomplete data reporting by healthcare facilities of the Sverdlovsk Region. Conclusions: Our findings prove the importance of creating a “Periodic Medical Examination” subsystem of the unified state health information system. Providing access to standardised results of periodic medical examinations based on a single digital platform to all professional participants of the national occupational health system will enable data recording, analysis and assessment at the interregional and intersectoral levels, as well as at the level of business entities, and facilitate their use for the purposes of workers’ health risk management. Timeliness of reporting and completeness of date entry in the “Periodic Medical Examination” subsystem (or a Federal Registry of Periodic Medical Examinations) may be monitored and verified by local Rospotrebnadzor bodies to be connected to the unified state health information systems of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Residential fire risk assessment and management

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
A. A. Tanygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hazard Levels

Introduction. The article analyzes statistical data for the period of 2006-2018 and presents an assessment of fire hazard levels in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which were determined on the basis of an integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk. It also considers the problems of assessing fire hazard in the residential sector as in a complex social and economic systems. The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of fire hazard and build a model for managing fire risks in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Research methods. To solve the research problems, the methods of system analysis, statistical analysis, mathematical statistics, etc. were used. Research results. A number of statistical dependencies of the fire situation in the Russian Federation have been analyzed and obtained. The indicators with the most fire hazardous level in the residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were determined by calculation. A block diagram of a model for managing fire risks in the residential sector using the integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk (ISEPPR) is built. Conclusion. The values of the fire hazard levels obtained in the work and the model of fire risk management in residential sectors of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation make it possible to improve management decisions in the field of supervisory activities and preventive work of the Federal State Fire Supervision Authorities. Keywords: residential sector, integral socio-economic indicator of fire risk, risk assessment, level of fire hazard

DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL EFFECTIVE DOSE OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL EXPOSURE BY DIFFERENT IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
V A Kudryashev ◽  
D S Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Total Effective Dose

Abstract The purpose of the research is to develop an integrated technique for determining the effective dose (E) of external and internal exposure by different sources of ionizing radiation. The proposing technique for determining the total effective dose is based on three methods of calculation. The first one is multiplying the value of the individual dose equivalent $H_{p}(10)$ by the factor of 0.642 to account for radiation shielding by various organs and tissues and its backscattering. The second method is multiplying $H_{p}(10)$ by the conversion factor of air kerma in free air in a plate phantom, depending on the photon energy. The third method is multiplying $H_{p}(10)$ by the sum of the radiosensitivity coefficients of various organs and tissues. As a result of research, a complex method was developed for determining the total effective dose, composed of doses of cosmic radiation, external gamma-, beta- and neutron radiation, internal exposure from radionuclides, including CDP of radon and thoron, entering the body through the organs of digestion and respiration. The proposed technique for determining the total effective dose allows one to take into account the comprehensive effect of ionizing radiation sources on a person and to obtain a more accurate measure of radiation risk than the existing methods provide.

scholarly journals THE OBSTRUCTION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION: PROBLEMS OF THE OBJECT AND THE OBJECTIVE SIDE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Alexandra Vladimirovna Boyarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
The Russian Federation

The subject. The article is devoted to the investigation of the main direct object and the circle of victims are subjected of harm by criminal acts stipulated by pts. 1, 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.The purpose of the paper is to identify does the art. 294 of Criminal Code of the Russian Federation meets the other provisions of criminal procedure legislation.The methodology of research includes methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-logical, comparative legal and formal-legal methods.Results and scope of application. The content of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not comply with the provisions of the criminal procedure law. The discrep-ancy lies in terms of the range of participants in criminal proceedings and the functions performed by them, as well as the actual content and correlation of such stages of criminal proceedings as the initiation of criminal proceedings and preliminary investigation. In addi-tion, the current state of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not take into account the ever-widening differentiation of criminal proceedings.The circle of victims listed in pt. 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation should be supplemented by such participants in the criminal process as a criminal investi-gator, the head of the investigative body, the head of the inquiry department, the head of the body of inquiry. At the same time, the author supports the position that the criminal-legal protection of the said persons should cover not only their activities at the stage of preliminary investigation, but also of the entire pre-trial proceedings as a whole.The circle of criminal acts provided for in art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Fed-eration, should also be specified with an indication of encroachment in the form of kidnapping, destruction or damage to such a crime as materials of criminal, civil and other cases, as well as material evidence.Conclusions. The content of art. 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not comply with the provisions of the criminal procedure law. The author formulates the conclusion that the circle of victims listed in pt. 2 of art. 294 of the Criminal Code should be broadened and joins the position that the criminal-legal protection of these persons should cover not only their activities at the stage of preliminary investigation, but also of the entire pre-trial proceedings as a whole.

scholarly journals About some questions of dissolution of legislative bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Людмила Тхабисимова ◽  
Ludmila Thabisimova ◽  
Эльман Ахъядов ◽  
Elman Akhyadov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
State Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legislative Body ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right

The article examines the issues of dissolution of the legislative body of the subject of the Federation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the institution of dissolution is an institution of constitutional law, and when the legislative body is dissolved, it is not responsible to the body or official who decided to dissolve it, but to the population, its voters. On the basis of the study it is concluded that it is necessary to Supplement the list of grounds for early termination of the powers of the regional Parliament, as a measure of constitutional and legal responsibility, by including such grounds as the loss of voter confidence. The question of the need to empower the population of the subject of the Russian Federation with the right to decide in a referendum on the dissolution of the legislative (representative) body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals QUALITY AND SAFETY MONITORING OF WATER BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES FROM WATER BODIES OF THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
Nina A. Golovina ◽  
N. N. Romanova ◽  
P. P. Golovin ◽  
A. V. Zdrok
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. There have been given results of the assessment of quality and safety of hydrobionts exampled by fishes as main objects of amateurish fishing in water bodies of the Central Feddral District of the Russian Federation. Fishery water bodies on this territory are exposed to anthropogenic impacts and lead in the concerning volume of polluted effluent discharge in Russia. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality and safety of hydrobionts on the example of fish - the main objects of amateur fishing in the reservoirs of the Central District of the Russian Federation. Material and methods. Fish catching was carried out in the summer-autumn period in 2013-2017. The volume of the survey sample was about 1500 fishes. The species composition of helminths in 15 fish species from three families Cyprinidae, Percidae and pike (Esocidae)is was determined by parasitological examination. The safety of fish was evaluated using parasitological and toxicological methods. Results. Fish from water bodies of the Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Bryansk and Tver areas has been ascertained to be facultatively available for human consumption. Clinical signs of the disease were observed in fish infected with metacercariae trematodes (posthodiplostomum and apophallus) in the form of black spots on the body. Among the detected worms, 2 species can be potentially dangerous for warm-blooded animals and humans - Pseudamphistomum truncatum (Trematoda: Opisthorchidae) and Apophallus muehlingi (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Analysis of fish contamination with heavy metals showed excess of the permissible cadmium content in fish tissues. Conclusion. The conducted research showed the urgency and social significance of studies on monitoring for water objects and the need to implement the preventive work with the population in such a densely populated part of the Russian Federation as the Central Federal District.

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