scholarly journals Multi-component infusion hepatoprotectors for liver damage

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
E. I. Sas ◽  
V. B. Grinevich
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Metabolic Type

Drug-induced liver injuries (DILI) remain today one of the most pressing problems not only in gastroenterology, but also in all therapy. Up to 10% of the changes in laboratory parameters can be attributed to the use of drugs. The importance of DILI has increased significantly in recent years, due to the increase in the number of over-the-counter medicines on the pharmaceutical market, as well as non-compliance with the methods and modes of administration. There are common links in the pathogenesis of DILI, including hypoxia, de-energization (deficit of ATP production), damage to hepatocyte membranes and suppression of antioxidant protection. Therefore, pathogenetic pharmacotherapy and prevention of liver damage are based on drugs with an action mechanism aimed at eliminating one or more links in the pathogenesis. One of these drugs is Remaxol, which includes antihypoxantantioxidants of metabolic type: natural metabolites, substrates and cofactors involved in energy metabolism. Remaxol was administered to 30 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) in the acute phase in addition to the main eradication therapy in the case of cytolytic syndrome by the end of the first week of therapy intravenously dripping at a rate of 40-60 drops/min in a daily dose of 400 ml for 10 days a day. Against the background of Remaxol application, the patients with DILI had stabilization of the main biochemical parameters: the level of AST, ALT, direct bilirubin, GGT and alkaline phosphatase. These changes were accompanied by a positive dynamics of the general state of health. The use of Remaxol in patients with DILI will allow to achieve clinical and biochemical remission, preventing the development of severe liver damage, and contributes to the preservation of the recommended duration of treatment of the underlying disease.

scholarly journals HEPATIC MANIFESTATIONS IN COVID-19: APPROACHES ON THE MECHANISMS, LIVER INJURIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. e26442
Author(s):  
Débora Dantas Nucci Cerqueira ◽  
Giuliene Rocha de Medeiros ◽  
João Victor Cordeiro Farias ◽  
Penelopy Rodrigues de Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Qualitative Nature

The current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 originated in the city of Wuhan, China with an outbreak of pneumonia. The reported symptoms were mostly respiratory, but mounting evidence began to indicate that COVID-19 could reach other organs and systems. Among the gastrointestinal symptoms, liver involvement appears to be more common, with changes in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) being the first sign. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate and discuss the hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 as the infection, manifestations, and drug effects. The study was based on a literature review, of a qualitative nature and an exploratory type. The mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 uses to reach the liver is still uncertain, there are currently 3 hypotheses: ACE2 receptors in cholangiocytes, cytokine storm, and drug-induced liver injury, due to the increase in the indiscriminate use of hepatotoxic drugs without scientific comprovation, hydroxychloroquine can lead to fulminant hepatic failure and azithromycin potentiates these effects, the role of remdesivir on the liver are still uncertain. Liver damage in mild cases of COVID-19 can be transient, but doctors should monitor and be alert to any changes in liver enzymes. When severe liver damage occurs, liver protective drugs have usually been given to these patients. Thus, this review provides a review of hepatic impairment and the management of patients considering the main studies carried out to date.

scholarly journals Analysis of common causes of liver damage among children 12 years and younger in Weifang

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052110066
Author(s):  
Qinghong Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Lianmei Yuan ◽  
Xiaona Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Epstein Barr

Aims To explore the causes of liver damage among children 12 years and younger in Weifang and to provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis of liver damage in children. Methods Retrospective study of clinical data from pediatric patients (age ≤12 years) with liver damage in diagnosed at Weifang People's Hospital from June 2010 to May 2020. Results A total of 2632 children (1572 boys, 1060 girls) aged ≤12 years were diagnosed with liver damage including infectious liver damage (2100 cases), non-infectious liver damage (446 cases) and liver damage of unknown etiology (86 cases). The most common causes of infectious liver damage were viral infection (1515 cases), Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (343 cases), and bacterial infection (197 cases). The most common causes of viral liver damage were Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. The most common causes of non-infectious liver damage were drug-induced liver damage, Kawasaki disease, and genetic metabolic diseases. There were 31 cases of severe liver damage. Conclusion There were many causes of liver damage among children in Weifang. Infections, and especially viral infections such as Epstein–Barr virus, were the most common causes of liver damage. Severe liver damage was primarily caused by drugs or poisons.

NSAID-induced liver damage with cholestasis

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
A. P. Pereverzev ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova ◽  
O. V. Golovina ◽  
A. V. Filippova ◽  
Е. Е. Pavleeva
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
The One ◽  
Chronic Course

he liver is one of the organs most often affected by medication (MP) intake. Drug-induced liver damage with cholestasis (LIPCH), on the one hand, rarely leads to death in comparison with the hepatocellular type, but, on the other hand, is more often characterized by a long, in some cases chronic course. This type of liver damage is characterized by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) > 2 upper limits of normal (ULN) or the ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) / ALP < 2 in chronic course. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most readily available (including over-the-counter) and widely used drugs in clinical practice and are often the cause of LIPCH. This article summarizes the available data at the time of preparation of the article on the prevalence, mechanisms of development and features of LIPPH while taking NSAIDs. A separate section is highlighted on the features of the management of such patients. In particular, in accordance with both domestic and foreign clinical guidelines for the drug genesis of liver damage, it is recommended to stop taking the inducer drug and prescribe ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The efficacy of UDCA in patients with LIPCH, including those associated with the use of NSAIDs, has been confirmed by the results of a large number of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Among the UDCA preparations on the market of the Russian Federation, one cannot fail to pay attention to Exho® (CJSC «Canonpharma Production»), which is bioequivalent to the reference drug, is produced in compliance with GMP standards on a high-tech production base, which ensures its quality, and an affordable price and a large the choice of dosage forms makes it possible to successfully use this drug, including in special categories of patients, for example, elderly patients and/or those suffering from dysphagia.

Drug-Induced Movement Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Amy Lustig ◽  
Cesar Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Broad Understanding ◽  
Underlying Disease Process

The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the features of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) comprised by Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with patients presenting with these issues must have a broad understanding of the underlying disease process. This article will provide a brief introduction to the neuropathophysiology of DIMDs, a discussion of the associated symptomatology, the pharmacology implicated in causing DIMDs, and the medical management approaches currently in use.

Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers – A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1225-1236
Author(s):  
Silvio Terra Stefanello ◽  
Nelson Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Simone Beder Reis ◽  
Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares ◽  
Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Acetaminophen Intoxication ◽  
New Biomarkers

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, easy access to this medicine has increased the occurrence of episodes of poisoning. Patients often develop severe liver damage, which may quickly lead to death. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to identify new biomarkers that allow the prediction of the degree of acetaminophen intoxication and thus intervene in a timely manner to save patients’ lives. This review highlights the main mechanisms of the induction and progression of liver damage arising from acetaminophen poisoning. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using new clinical biomarkers for detecting acetaminophen poisoning.

scholarly journals Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Immunogenetics and Experimental Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4557
Author(s):  
Alessio Gerussi ◽  
Ambra Natalini ◽  
Fabrizio Antonangeli ◽  
Clara Mancuso ◽  
Elisa Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a challenging clinical event in medicine, particularly because of its ability to present with a variety of phenotypes including that of autoimmune hepatitis or other immune mediated liver injuries. Limited diagnostic and therapeutic tools are available, mostly because its pathogenesis has remained poorly understood for decades. The recent scientific and technological advancements in genomics and immunology are paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular aspects of DILI. This review provides an updated overview of the genetic predisposition and immunological mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of DILI and presents the state-of-the-art experimental models to study DILI at the pre-clinical level.

Analysis of Factors Responsible for Continuing Mortality after Paracetamol Overdose

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Read ◽  
J. M. Tredger ◽  
R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Paracetamol Overdose ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
King's College ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Complete Series

1 To determine reasons for the continuing mortality in patients taking a paracetamol overdose, the presentation, drug ingestion history, patient background, use of antidote ( N-acetylcysteine and methionine), clinical course and outcome were determined in 247 patients treated at King's College Hospital in 1982 and 1983. Patients (147) were referred from other centres because of severe liver damage and 100 were local patients seen in the accident and emergency department. 2 Survival in the local patients was 100% and, for those with severe liver damage, 49 and 63% (1982 and 1983 values). Delay in initial presentation to hospital was a major factor in determination of an adverse outcome, with a median delay of 30 h in the referred patients and 8 h in the local cases. Such a delay precluded administration of antidote to the majority of patients in the referred group, but in 11 cases where antidote could have been given a full course was not provided and all 11 patients died. Included among these were four patients in whom the serum paracetamol concentration was in the ‘non-toxic’ range. 3 One patient with a chronic alcohol-drinking history (> 200 g/day) received N-acetylcysteine at 12 h but died from liver failure. However, in the complete series prior alcohol consumption was not associated with a significantly worse prognosis and simultaneous ingestion of alcohol with paracetamol had no effect on outcome. 4 The concomitant ingestion of dextropropoxyphene caused an early and marked impairment of consciousness unrelated to any hepatotoxicity but, in three cases where dextropropoxyphene combinations were used, death occurred subsequently from liver failure.

Cytyzyna w terapii zaprzestania palenia tytoniu

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrycjusz Kołodziejczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Baranowska-Kempisty ◽  
Piotr Bernat ◽  
Piotr Tutka
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Nicotinic Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Natural Plant

Tobacco smoking is one of the leading causes of death among people. Cytisine, a plant alkaloid considered to be the oldest medication for smoking cessation, has been used in Poland since the 1970s. The drug is a partial nicotinic receptor agonist, with pharmacological actions close to those of nicotine and varenicline (a synthetic cytisine derivative and most expensive smoking cessation medication currently available). Cytisine has several advantages compared to existing smoking cessation drugs, including: 1) it is more effective than placebo and nicotine replacement therapy, and at least as effective as varenicline, 2) its use is associated with a low frequency of adverse events, 3) it is available as over the counter medicine and is much cheaper than other smoking cessation drugs that are cost-prohibitive, 4) it derives from a natural plant and may be preferred by smokers who do not want to use other treatments, 5) it has shorter duration of treatment (i.e. 25 days) compared to other medicines for smoking cessation. This review describes the use of cytisine for nicotine addiction treatment, mechanism of anti-smoking action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerability and safety.

scholarly journals Redefining Cirrhosis – a brief review

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
SV Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Variable Amount ◽  
Histological Features

The liver damage is associated with variable amount of fibrosis. The presence of fibrosis with nodule formation is pathognomic of cirrhosis. It is accompanied by vascular remodeling and regeneration with important functional and hemodynamic consequences that include development of portal hypertension and eventually decompensation and death. However fibrosis can regress following successful treatment of the underlying disease. The classification system followed till date does not analyze this aspect. In this brief review the histological features of fibrosis and the newer models for reclassifying cirrhosis is discussed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.9000 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 491-496

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