scholarly journals Evaluation of influence several drugs with local antimicrobial activity against local immunity cells

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
J. M. Salmasi ◽  
A. N. Kazimirsky ◽  
E. A. Antonova ◽  
G. V. Poryadin
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Oxidase System ◽  
Severe Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Donors

Currently in clinical practice widely used drugs local antimicrobial drugs such as Tantum Verde (benzydamine) Tantum Rosa (benzydamine) Miramistin (benzyldimethyl-miristoilamino-propylammonium) Hexoral (hexetidin), chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine), Septolete total (benzydamine + cetylpyridinium chloride). The mechanism of action of these very similar. We evaluated the effect of these drugs on the viability of lymphoid tissue cells and their effect on the neutrophilic part of the immune system, which are the most important factors of local immunity and, at the same time, part of the immune system which is responsible for innate immunity. We used peripheral blood from 6 healthy donors and 6 patients with inflammatory diseases (abscess of the abdominal cavity). Evaluation of the viability of lymphocytes was performed in a test using trypan blue. The functional state of neutrophils was performed in a nitro-blue tetrazolium test. The final concentration of the studied drugs in all experiments was 10% of the initial recommended for local use. The results of the study showed that Miramistin, Hexoral, Chlorhexidine, Septolete Total cause the death of lymphocytes isolated from healthy donors and patients with severe inflammation process. Tantum Verde and Tantum Rose do not cause the death of lymphocytes. All studied drugs (except Tantum Verde and Tantum Rose in healthy donors) reduce the number of neutrophils containing formazan granules, which indicates the suppression of the activity of the NADPH oxidase system. Patients’ neutrophils witch were activated by inflammatory process under the influence of miramistin experiencing short-term excessive activation of the NADPH-oxidase system, which can lead to tissue damage in severe inflammation.

scholarly journals The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10792
Author(s):  
Tamara N. Ramírez-Pavez ◽  
María Martínez-Esparza ◽  
Antonio J. Ruiz-Alcaraz ◽  
Pilar Marín-Sánchez ◽  
Francisco Machado-Linde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Innate And Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Gynecological Disorder

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder, defined as the growth of endometrial stromal cells and glands at extrauterine sites. Endometriotic lesions are more frequently located into the abdominal cavity, although they can also be implanted in distant places. Among its etiological factors, the presence of immune dysregulation occupies a prominent place, pointing out the beneficial and harmful outcomes of macrophages in the pathogenesis of this disease. Macrophages are tissue-resident cells that connect innate and adaptive immunity, playing a key role in maintaining local homeostasis in healthy conditions and being critical in the development and sustainment of many inflammatory diseases. Macrophages accumulate in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis, but their ability to clear migrated endometrial fragments seems to be inefficient. Hence, the characteristics of the peritoneal immune system in endometriosis must be further studied to facilitate the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent relevant advances obtained in both mouse, as the main animal model used to study endometriosis, and human, focusing on peritoneal macrophages obtained from endometriotic patients and healthy donors, under the perspective of its future clinical translation to the role that these cells play on this pathology.

scholarly journals Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Aschenbrenner ◽  
◽  
Maria Mouktaroudi ◽  
Benjamin Krämer ◽  
Marie Oestreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Drug Target Prediction

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients all over the world. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic, mild respiratory tract infection, to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Reports on a dysregulated immune system in the severe cases call for a better characterization and understanding of the changes in the immune system. Methods In order to dissect COVID-19-driven immune host responses, we performed RNA-seq of whole blood cell transcriptomes and granulocyte preparations from mild and severe COVID-19 patients and analyzed the data using a combination of conventional and data-driven co-expression analysis. Additionally, publicly available data was used to show the distinction from COVID-19 to other diseases. Reverse drug target prediction was used to identify known or novel drug candidates based on finding from data-driven findings. Results Here, we profiled whole blood transcriptomes of 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 control donors enabling a data-driven stratification based on molecular phenotype. Neutrophil activation-associated signatures were prominently enriched in severe patient groups, which was corroborated in whole blood transcriptomes from an independent second cohort of 30 as well as in granulocyte samples from a third cohort of 16 COVID-19 patients (44 samples). Comparison of COVID-19 blood transcriptomes with those of a collection of over 3100 samples derived from 12 different viral infections, inflammatory diseases, and independent control samples revealed highly specific transcriptome signatures for COVID-19. Further, stratified transcriptomes predicted patient subgroup-specific drug candidates targeting the dysregulated systemic immune response of the host. Conclusions Our study provides novel insights in the distinct molecular subgroups or phenotypes that are not simply explained by clinical parameters. We show that whole blood transcriptomes are extremely informative for COVID-19 since they capture granulocytes which are major drivers of disease severity.

T-Cell Immunity to the Folate Receptor Alpha Is Prevalent in Women With Breast or Ovarian Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (26) ◽  
pp. 4254-4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith L. Knutson ◽  
Christopher J. Krco ◽  
Courtney L. Erskine ◽  
Karin Goodman ◽  
Linda E. Kelemen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Folate Receptor Alpha ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Healthy Donors

Purpose Studies have demonstrated that the generation of immunity to tumor antigens is associated with improved prognosis for many cancers. A candidate antigen is the folate receptor alpha (FRα), which is overexpressed in breast and ovarian cancers. Our goal in this study was to attain a better understanding of the extent of endogenous FRα immunity. Methods Using a CD4+ T cell epitope prediction algorithm, we predicted promiscuous epitopes of FRα, and tested for immunity in 30 breast (n = 17) or ovarian (n = 13) cancer patients and 18 healthy donors using enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Results Fourteen peptides were predicted, seven each from the carboxy- and amino-terminus halves of the protein. More than 70% of patients demonstrated immunity to at least one FRα peptide. Patients responded to an average of 3 ± 0.5 peptides, whereas healthy donors responded to 1 ± 0.4 peptides (P = .004). Five peptides were recognized by more than 25% of patients. Responses to three peptides were higher (P < .05) in patients than in healthy donors, suggesting augmented immunity. Compared with healthy individuals, patients developed higher immunity to the amino-terminus half of the receptor (P = .03). There was no difference between each group in the responses to nonspecific (P = .2) and viral stimuli (P = .5). Lastly, patients demonstrated elevated levels of FRα antibodies consistent with a coordinated immune response. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the FRα is a target of the immune system in breast and ovarian cancer patients. Understanding which antigens are targeted by the immune system may be important for prognosis or immune-based therapies.

Topics in Chronic Granulomatous Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-185
Author(s):  
SHIGENOBU UMEKI
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Oxidase System ◽  
Membrane Bound

To the Editor.— Such phagocytic cells as neutrophils and macrophages are crucial elements in the host defense against bacterial [See table in the PDF file] and fungal infections. Microbicidal activity depends to a large extent on NADPH oxidase system, which can be activated by stimuli (bacteria, fungi) and which generates the superoxide anion and other highly reactive forms of reduced oxygen.1,2 The neutrophil NADPH oxidase system is composed functionally of membrane-bound catalytic components (which consist of at least two constituents, the low potential cytochrome b5583-5 and flavoprotein5) and soluble cytosolic components6,7 which participate as either catalytic or regulatory elements.

The importance of antivirus in surgery

1938 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
B. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Antivirus is used in surgery, firstly, to treat infected wounds and inflammatory processes of the skin and mucous membranes, and, secondly, to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases of the peritoneum and abdominal cavity.

Role of the Vascular NADH/NADPH Oxidase System in Atherosclerosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUHIRO YOKOYAMA ◽  
NOBUTAKA INOUE ◽  
SEINOSUKE KAWASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase System

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONING IN HEALTHY DONORS SUBJECTED TO XENOGENOUS EXPOSURE

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Obukhova ◽  
A. N. Trunov ◽  
O. M. Gorbenko ◽  
A. P. Shvajuk ◽  
A. V. Obukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Immune System Functioning

scholarly journals Neutrophil azurophilic granule glycoproteins are distinctively decorated by atypical pauci- and phosphomannose glycans

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karli R. Reiding ◽  
Yu-Hsien Lin ◽  
Floris P. J. van Alphen ◽  
Alexander B. Meijer ◽  
Albert J. R. Heck
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Asymmetric Hybrid ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
High Mannose

AbstractWhile neutrophils are critical first-responders of the immune system, they also cause tissue damage and act in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Many neutrophil proteins are N-glycosylated, a post-translational modification that may affect, among others, enzymatic activity, receptor interaction, and protein backbone accessibility. So far, a handful neutrophil proteins were reported to be decorated with atypical small glycans (paucimannose and smaller) and phosphomannosylated glycans. To elucidate the occurrence of these atypical glycoforms across the neutrophil proteome, we performed LC-MS/MS-based (glyco)proteomics of pooled neutrophils from healthy donors, obtaining site-specific N-glycan characterisation of >200 glycoproteins. We found that glycoproteins that are typically membrane-bound to be mostly decorated with high-mannose/complex N-glycans, while secreted proteins mainly harboured complex N-glycans. In contrast, proteins inferred to originate from azurophilic granules carried distinct and abundant paucimannosylation, asymmetric/hybrid glycans, and glycan phosphomannosylation. As these same proteins are often autoantigenic, uncovering their atypical glycosylation characteristics is an important step towards understanding autoimmune disease and improving treatment.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Analysis of the Neonatal Immune System Across the Gestational Age Continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura S. Peterson ◽  
Julien Hedou ◽  
Edward A. Ganio ◽  
Ina A. Stelzer ◽  
Dorien Feyaerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Neonatal Immune System

Although most causes of death and morbidity in premature infants are related to immune maladaptation, the premature immune system remains poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth across the spectrum of viable gestational age (GA), ranging from 25 weeks to term. A mass cytometry immunoassay interrogated all major immune cell subsets, including signaling activity and responsiveness to stimulation. An elastic net model described the relationship between GA and immunome (R=0.85, p=8.75e-14), and unsupervised clustering highlighted previously unrecognized GA-dependent immune dynamics, including decreasing basal MAP-kinase/NFκB signaling in antigen presenting cells; increasing responsiveness of cytotoxic lymphocytes to interferon-α; and decreasing frequency of regulatory and invariant T cells, including NKT-like cells and CD8+CD161+ T cells. Knowledge gained from the analysis of the neonatal immune landscape across GA provides a mechanistic framework to understand the unique susceptibility of preterm infants to both hyper-inflammatory diseases and infections.

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