scholarly journals Mammary gland condition in premenopausal women with endometrial hyperplasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Y. E. Dobrokhotova ◽  
M. R. Narimanova ◽  
L. V. Saprykina ◽  
I. Yu. Ilina ◽  
M. L. Mazo
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Number Of Patients

Introduction. Amidst a steady increase in hyperplastic processes in uterus and mammary glands, numerous studies have shown that women with dyshormonal pathology of mammary glands had a range of gynecological diseases: external or internal endometriosis, hyperplastic processes of the endometrium and myometrium, polyps, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), etc.Objective. To assess the mammary gland condition in premenopausal women with endometrial hyperplasia during indole-3-car-binol (I3C) therapy.Materials and methods. A total of 42 premenopausal patients aged 45-52 years (48.54 ± 1.83) were enrolled in an open-label prospective study. All patients received I3C 400 mg a day for 12 months. The examination included clinical laboratory, ultrasound imaging and mammographic examination of the mammary glands, cytologic examination of a nipple discharge. The examinations were carried out at the baseline, 6 and 12 months after starting treatment. The study findings were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Differences were considered significant at p <0.05.Results and discussion. All patients were diagnosed as having mastalgia before starting treatment. Mammary gland ultrasound imaging showed that the frequency of BI-RADS 2 was 9.5 times higher than that of BI-RADS 1 (90.5% and 9.5%, respectively, p <0.05). Mammography revealed that the frequency of BI-RADS 2 was 9.26 times higher than that of BI-RADS 1 (88% and 9.5%, respectively, p <0.05). After 6-month therapy, 59.5% of patients reported the disappearance of pain syndrome, the number of patients with ONE1/16a-ONE1 deviations decreased by 22%, 7.1% of patients showed improvement of ultrasound picture in BI-RADS. After 12-month therapy, the number of patients with ONE1 / 16a-ONE1 deviations decreased by 92.86% compared with the figures before starting treatment, ultrasound imaging showed improvement in the BI-RADS picture in 19% of patients, mammography findings - in 28.5% of patients. I3C is an effective and safe method to treat benign breast diseases in premenopausal women.Conclusion. Indole-3-carbinol therapy can be assessed as the treatment having an influence on the general components of pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia and benign hyperplastic processes in mammary glands. It is advisable to consider the use of indole-3-carbinol combined with antioxidant resveratrol in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Non-hormonal therapy of patients with fibrocystic mastopathy in combination with endometrial hyperplasia

2022 ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
I. O. Borovikov ◽  
I. I. Kutsenko ◽  
V. P. Bulgakova ◽  
O. I. Borovikova
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Nipple Discharge ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Fibrocystic Mastopathy ◽  
Group I

Introduction. The article presents a comparative analysis of the treatment of patients with combined estrogen-dependent pathology of female reproductive system: fibrocystic mastopathy and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. The experience of treatment with an indole-carbinol-containing drug as monotherapy while using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system is presented.Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of indolecarbinol in the treatment of patients with combined estrogen-dependent pathology of the female reproductive system.Materials and methods. The authors studied the responses to the treatment of patients with fibrocystic mastopathy and simple endometrial hyperplasia (n = 65) with the indole-carbinol-containing drug at a dose of 400 mg once daily for 12 months. All patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 32) – women who refused hormone therapy (indole-carbinol monotherapy); Group II (n = 33) – the use of indole-carbinol while using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Diagnostic methods: clinical and laboratory examination, ultrasound examination of mammary glands and pelvic organs, mammography, nipple discharge cytology at baseline and 6 and 12 months after the start of therapy. Before study group assignment to treatment, all patients underwent hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy and histological examination. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data: p-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results and discussion. The presented experience in treating women with combined pathology of the female reproductive system (fibrocystic mastopathy and endometrial hyperplasia without atypia) with the indole-carbinol-containing drug showed high clinical efficacy in mastopathy (relief of mastodynia (83.0 ± 1.6%), improvement of the ultrasound view of BI-RADS (66.1 ± 1.4%), reductions in mammographic density (66.1 ± 2.1%, p < 0.05)), high tolerability and satisfactory compliance. This drug combined with hormone therapy is recommended for the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia.Сonclusion. The use of indole-carbinol in the treatment of benign hyperplastic processes in mammary glands and endometrial hyperplasia is pathogenetically substantiated and shows high clinical efficacy

The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
I.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

INTERACTIONS OF OESTRONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE RABBITS

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
A. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Growth Reaction ◽  
Extensive Growth ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary glands of castrated male rabbits was studied. Testosterone propionate was used in daily doses from 0.5 to 80 mg. The doses of oestrone ranged from 0.05 to 25 μg per day. Mammary glands were examined after 14, 28 or 56 days of injections. 1) Testosterone in doses below 20 mg failed to affect the mammary glands. With 40 or 80 mg a distinct, though abnormal growth reaction was consistently obtained. 2) Oestrone in doses lower than 0.5 μg did not stimulate mammary growth. With 0.5 μg and higher doses extensive growth of the mammary glands occurred. Stunted growth and secretion were found in the mammary glands of rabbits injected with 12.5 or 25 μg oestrone. 3) Testosterone in doses of 1 or 5 to 10 mg depressed or abolished the response of the mammary glands to 0.5 μg oestrone. When testosterone, in doses ineffective when given alone, was added to at least 3.125 μg oestrone, the mammary glands developed alveoli. The abnormalities produced by the highest doses of oestrone studied were exaggerated by the addition of testosterone. 4) The observations indicate a complicated interplay between the actions of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary gland of the rabbit. The interactions between testosterone and oestrone are presumably different from those observed between progesterone and oestrone.

EFFECT OF LOCALLY IMPLANTED OESTROGEN ON THE RESPONSE OF THE RAT'S LACTATING MAMMARY GLAND TO OXYTOCIN

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Bruce ◽  
X. Cofre ◽  
V. D. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Recording System ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Small Rise

ABSTRACT On the day following delivery (day 1 of lactation) one abdominal mammary gland was implanted with oestrogen and the contralateral gland received an empty needle. At 2, 5 or 10 days of lactation the rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital and the nipples of both abdominal glands were cannulated and their pressures recorded by means of transducers coupled to an amplifier and recording system. The normal mammary glands of 5-day lactating rats responded to very low doses of oxytocin (Syntocinon®, Sandoz) (5× 10−8 mU) with a rhythmic elevation in pressure. However, saline infusion also evoked a small rise in intra-mammary pressure. Earlier (2 days) and later (10 days) in lactation the responses were smaller. Oestrogen decreases significantly the milk ejection response to oxytocin, and the effect was maximal at day 10 of lactation. Histological observations confirmed the diminished reaction of the gland to oxytocin, since the milk was retained in the alveoli of rats bearing a mammary-oestrogen implant. A paradoxical rise in pressure was detected in normal as well as in oestrogen-implanted glands when the lowest dose of oxytocin was injected in lactating rats which had previously received a high dose of oxytocin (50 mU or 500 mU). These results reinforce the hypothesis that oestrogen alters the milk ejection response to oxytocin and that the mechanism is probably related to changes in the contractility of the myoepithelial cells.

HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASMS IN CATS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinomas

Mammary gland neoplasms in cats are at the top of the list of the most common nosological diseases among domestic animals; more than half of the tumors appear as malignant. Veterinary practitioners have many questions about the prevalence of breast tumors in cats, depending on age, breed and seasons of the year. The article presents the results of diseases prevalence of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats kept in the conditions of Bishkek. The characteristic of macroscopic and microscopic studies of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats at different periods of life and depending on the breed is also described. Studies were conducted in the period from March 2018 to March 2019. Morphological methods were used in the study of breast tumors. As a result of our research, we established the morphological forms of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats. Among benign neoplastic breast diseases in cats, breast lipoma was observed. Also among the malignant tumors of the breast met highly differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated breast adenocarcinomas malnutrition and necrosis as well as the rare phylloid (leaf-shaped) fibroadenoma of the mammary gland which makes up only 0.3-0.5 % of all breast tumors.

scholarly journals Prediction of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Cancer among Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giannella ◽  
Lillo Bruno Cerami ◽  
Tiziano Setti ◽  
Ezio Bergamini ◽  
Fausto Boselli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Endometrial Hyperplasia ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Endometrial Pathology

Objective. To create a prediction model including clinical variables for the prediction of premalignant/malignant endometrial pathology in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Methods. This is an observational retrospective study including 240 premenopausal women with AUB referred to diagnostic hysteroscopy. Based on the presence of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) or cancer (EC), the women were divided into cases (EH/EC) and controls (no EH/EC). Univariate, stepwise logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed. Results. 12 women had EH/EC (5%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that EH/EC associated significantly with BMI ≥ 30 (OR=7.70, 95% CI 1.90 to 31.17), diabetes (OR=9.71, 95% CI 1.63 to 57.81), and a thickened endometrium (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.34, criterion > 11 mm). The AUC was 0.854 (95% confidence intervals 0.803 to 0.896, p<0.0001). Considering the pretest probability for EH/EC of 5%, the prediction model with a positive likelihood ratio of 8.14 showed a posttest probability of 30%. The simultaneous presence of two or three risk factors was significantly more common in women with EH/EC than controls (50% vs. 6.6 and 25% vs. 0%, respectively, p<0.0001). Conclusion. When premenopausal vaginal bleeding occurs in diabetic obese women with ET > 11 mm, the percentage of premalignant/malignant endometrial pathology increases by 25%. It is likely that the simultaneous presence of several risk factors is necessary to significantly increase the probability of endometrial pathology.

scholarly journals Regulation of lipogenic capacity in lactating rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Grigor ◽  
A Geursen ◽  
M J Sneyd ◽  
S M Warren
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Specific Activities

1. The rate of mammary-gland lipogenesis measured in vivo from 3H2O was suppressed after decreasing the milk demand by decreasing the number of pups from ten to two or three, as well as by giving diets containing lipid [Grigor & Warren (1980) Biochem. J. 188, 61-65]. 2. The specific activities of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ‘malic’ enzyme increased between 6- and 10-fold in the mammary gland and between 2- and 3-fold in the livers during the first 10 days of lactation. The increases in specific activity coupled with the doubling of liver mass which occurred during pregnancy and lactation resulted in considerable differences in total liver activities when compared with virgin animals. 3. Although consumption of a diet containing 20% peanut oil suppressed the activities of the three lipogenic enzymes in the livers, only the ‘malic’ enzyme was affected in the mammary glands. 4. In contrast, decreased milk demand did not affect the specific activities of any of the liver enzymes, whereas it resulted in suppression of all three lipogenic enzymes of the mammary glands. There was no effect on either the cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase or the lactate dehydrogenase of the mammary gland. 5. In all the experiments performed, the activity of the fatty acid synthase correlated with the amount of material precipitated by the rabbit antibody raised against rat fatty acid synthase.

Oxygen concentration in milk of healthy and mastitic cows and implications of low oxygen tension for the killing ofStaphylococcus aureusby bovine neutrophils

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Mayer ◽  
Avril E. Waterman ◽  
Peter M. Keen ◽  
Neil Craven ◽  
F. John Bourne
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Oxygen Tension ◽  
Bovine Neutrophils ◽  
Venous Plasma

SummaryThe partial pressure of O2in milk from normal cows and from cows with mastitis was measured and the concentrations of O2calculated. Oxygen levels of milk from normal cows were similar to those in venous plasma, but inflammation of the mammary gland led to a dramatic drop in O2concentration to < 10% of control values. Intracellular survival ofStaphylococcus aureusstrain M60 in bovine neutrophils was greater under anaerobic than aerobic conditions. The implications of low O2concentrations in milk from infected mammary glands for the bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of starvation and refeeding on polyamine concentrations and ornithine decarboxylase antizyme in mammary gland of lactating rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Brosnan ◽  
R Farrell ◽  
H Wilansky ◽  
D H Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Polyamine Content

Starvation caused a marked increase in putrescine content in mammary gland of lactating rats, together with a marked decrease in activity of ornithine decarboxylase and appearance of measurable ornithine decarboxylase antizyme. 2. Refeeding for 5 h caused disappearance of free antizyme and ornithine decarboxylase activity returned to the value in fed animals. Putrescine concentration remained elevated. 3. There was no significant change in nucleic acid content of mammary gland from starved rats, but spermidine and spermine contents increased significantly. 4. Refeeding for 5 h returned the spermidine content of mammary glands to ‘fed’ values, and significantly decreased the content of spermine, although it did not reach control values. Thus changes in polyamine content of mammary gland in starved rats are clearly dissociated from changes in either RNA content or activities of polyamine-synthetic decarboxylases. 5. Starvation caused a fall in the content of spermidine in liver, with no change in spermine content. Refeeding for 5 h returned the spermidine content to ‘fed’ values.

Patients Satisfaction Undergoing Endometrial Thermal Balloon Ablation for the Treatment of Intractable Menorrhagia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2537-2539
Author(s):  
Saman Ejaz ◽  
Maryam Raana ◽  
Ambar Riaz ◽  
Netasha Nazar ◽  
Amara Mumtaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Patients Satisfaction ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Balloon Ablation ◽  
Thermal Balloon

Background: Heavy amounts of menstrual blood loss regularly in three or more consecutive cycles are characterized as menorrhagia which has been shown to be present among in many peri-menopausal and premenopausal women. Aim: To determine the frequency of patients’ satisfaction with TBA for the treatment of intractable menorrhagia. Methods: This descriptive study was undertaken in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Wallington Hospital Lahore from January to July 2017. A sample size of 200 patients was calculated and informed consent was taken to fill predesigned Performa. Prophylactic dose of 1g Ceftriaxon antibiotic was administered and Foly’s catheters were placed simultaneously in uterine cavity of patients after curettage and dilations. The uterine balloon catheter was then entered into the uterus and balloon was filled with sterile fluid. Results: A high number of 157(78.5%) women were found to be satisfied with thermal balloon ablation while different age groups presented an insignificant difference on level of satisfaction. Level of education and BMI had insignificant difference (p >0.05) while a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among patients suffering from long duration of >6 months as compared to short duration of 3-6 months. Conclusion: Thermal balloon ablation is the method of choice for treatment of women suffering from menorrhagia and high number of patients revealed their trust on this method. Keywords: Menorrhagia, Dysmenorrhea, Blooding, Satisfaction, Endometrium.

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