Influence of inbreeding on the incidence of cryptorchidism in males of Lowland-line bison

The aim of this study was to find whether the coefficient of inbreeding is correlated with the incidence of cryptorchidism in the Białowieża line of bison. Our study included 605 male European bison Bison bonasus (L.) born between 1971 and 2015 in the Białowieża Forest. The animals were free-ranging as well as from captive breeding programs. Among the animals culled, there were 144 European bison calves. The calves were not considered in the research, because the descending of the testes in European bison may not occur until a year after birth. The study period, from 1966 to 2015, was divided into 5 decades. The number of male European bison born in each decade was recorded, as well as the number of cryptorchidism cases identified through necropsy in these animals. The percentage of incidence of cryptorchidism among them was calculated for every decade. Subsequently, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the number of cryptorchidism cases and the coefficient of inbreeding. In 461 male European bison older than 1 year, there were 18 cases of cryptorchidism. In the animals born in the first decade, two autopsical cases of cryptorchidism (0.045%) were recorded, and 4 cases of cryptorchidism (0.03%) were found in the animals from the second decade. Among the bison born in the third decade, there were no cases of cryptorchidism. In the fourth decade, 7 cases of cryptorchidism (0.071%) were diagnosed, and among the bison born during the fifth decade, there were 5 cases (0.111%). The Pearson correlation coefficient suggests that, as the value of the coefficient of inbreeding rises, there is an increase in cryptorchidism cases in male European bison.

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On the Psychological Reality of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient: Effects of Objective Covariation on Subjective Estimates

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537052012-416 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Richard B. Anderson ◽

Andrea M. Angott ◽

Michael E. Doherty

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Psychological Reality ◽

Subjective Estimates

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Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573398x16666200516180118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

Vicente Benavides-Córdoba ◽

Mauricio Palacios Gómez

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Right Ventricle ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Non Invasive

Introduction: Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods: Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions (healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured. The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation. Conclusion: The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have good predictive capacity.

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Effect of Migration or Inbreeding Followed by Selection on Low-Founder-Number Populations: Implications for Captive Breeding Programs

Conservation Biology ◽

10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9051216.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1216-1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

VICKIE L. BACKUS ◽

EDWIN H. BRYANT ◽

COLIN R. HUGHES ◽

LISA M. MEFFERT

Keyword(s):

Captive Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Captive Breeding Programs

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Bed-Based Ballistocardiography: Dataset and Ability to Track Cardiovascular Parameters

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21010156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Charles Carlson ◽

Vanessa-Rose Turpin ◽

Ahmad Suliman ◽

Carl Ade ◽

Steve Warren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Stroke Volume ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Initial Study ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Medical Systems ◽

Cardiovascular Parameters

Background: The goal of this work was to create a sharable dataset of heart-driven signals, including ballistocardiograms (BCGs) and time-aligned electrocardiograms (ECGs), photoplethysmograms (PPGs), and blood pressure waveforms. Methods: A custom, bed-based ballistocardiographic system is described in detail. Affiliated cardiopulmonary signals are acquired using a GE Datex CardioCap 5 patient monitor (which collects ECG and PPG data) and a Finapres Medical Systems Finometer PRO (which provides continuous reconstructed brachial artery pressure waveforms and derived cardiovascular parameters). Results: Data were collected from 40 participants, 4 of whom had been or were currently diagnosed with a heart condition at the time they enrolled in the study. An investigation revealed that features extracted from a BCG could be used to track changes in systolic blood pressure (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.54 +/− 0.15), dP/dtmax (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.51 +/− 0.18), and stroke volume (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.54 +/− 0.17). Conclusion: A collection of synchronized, heart-driven signals, including BCGs, ECGs, PPGs, and blood pressure waveforms, was acquired and made publicly available. An initial study indicated that bed-based ballistocardiography can be used to track beat-to-beat changes in systolic blood pressure and stroke volume. Significance: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other database that includes time-aligned ECG, PPG, BCG, and continuous blood pressure data is available to the public. This dataset could be used by other researchers for algorithm testing and development in this fast-growing field of health assessment, without requiring these individuals to invest considerable time and resources into hardware development and data collection.

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Emergency Response to Australia’s Black Summer 2019–2020: The Role of a Zoo-Based Conservation Organisation in Wildlife Triage, Rescue, and Resilience for the Future

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1515

Author(s):

Marissa L. Parrott ◽

Leanne V. Wicker ◽

Amanda Lamont ◽

Chris Banks ◽

Michelle Lang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Response ◽

State Government ◽

Captive Breeding ◽

Catastrophic Events ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Leading Role ◽

The Future ◽

The Face ◽

Captive Breeding Programs

Modern zoos are increasingly taking a leading role in emergency management and wildlife recovery. In the face of climate change and the predicted increase in frequency and magnitude of catastrophic events, zoos provide specialised expertise to assist wildlife welfare and endangered species recovery. In the 2019–2020 Australian bushfire season, now called Australia’s Black Summer, a state government-directed response was developed, assembling specialised individuals and organisations from government, non-government organisations, research institutions, and others. Here, we detail the role of Zoos Victoria staff in wildlife triage and welfare, threatened species evacuation and recovery, media and communications, and fundraising during and after the fires. We share strategies for future resilience, readiness, and the ability to mobilise quickly in catastrophic events. The development of triage protocols, emergency response kits, emergency enclosures, and expanded and new captive breeding programs is underway, as are programs for care of staff mental health and nature-based community healing for people directly affected by the fires. We hope this account of our response to one of the greatest recent threats to Australia’s biodiversity, and steps to prepare for the future will assist other zoos and wildlife organisations around the world in preparations to help wildlife before, during, and after catastrophic events.

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Assessment of the Dissimilarities of EDI and SPI Measures for Drought Determination in South Africa

Water ◽

10.3390/w13010082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Omolola M. Adisa ◽

Muthoni Masinde ◽

Joel O. Botai

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Drought Monitoring ◽

Drought Indices ◽

Drought Severity ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Drought Duration

This study examines the (dis)similarity of two commonly used indices Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) computed over accumulation periods 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month (hereafter SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-6, and SPI-12, respectively) and Effective Drought Index (EDI). The analysis is based on two drought monitoring indicators (derived from SPI and EDI), namely, the Drought Duration (DD) and Drought Severity (DS) across the 93 South African Weather Service’s delineated rainfall districts over South Africa from 1980 to 2019. In the study, the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and periodogram dissimilarity estimates were used. The results indicate a positive correlation for the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and a positive value for periodogram of dissimilarity in both the DD and DS. With the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity, the study demonstrates that the values of the SPI-1/EDI pair and the SPI-3/EDI pair exhibit the highest similar values for DD, while the SPI-6/EDI pair shows the highest similar values for DS. Moreover, dissimilarities are more obvious in SPI-12/EDI pair for DD and DS. When a periodogram of dissimilarity is used, the values of the SPI-1/EDI pair and SPI-6/EDI pair exhibit the highest similar values for DD, while SPI-1/EDI displayed the highest similar values for DS. Overall, the two measures show that the highest similarity is obtained in the SPI-1/EDI pair for DS. The results obtainable in this study contribute towards an in-depth knowledge of deviation between the EDI and SPI values for South Africa, depicting that these two drought indices values are replaceable in some rainfall districts of South Africa for drought monitoring and prediction, and this is a step towards the selection of the appropriate drought indices.

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Fault Detection and Location Method for Mesh-type DC Microgrid using Pearson Correlation Coefficient

IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery ◽

10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3008924 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liang Kong ◽

Heng Nian

Keyword(s):

Fault Detection ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Dc Microgrid ◽

Location Method

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Use of Multiple Visits to Increase Blood Pressure Tracking Correlations in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.87.5.708 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 708-711

Author(s):

Matthew W. Gillman ◽

Bernard Rosner ◽

Denis A. Evans ◽

Laurel A. Smith ◽

James O. Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Systolic Pressure ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Increase Blood Pressure ◽

Multiple Visit

Previous studies of childhood blood pressure have shown tracking correlations, which estimate the magnitude of association between initial and subsequent measurements, to be lower than corresponding adult values. Inasmuch as this disparity could arise from failing to account for a larger week-to-week variability in children, blood pressure was measured for 4 successive years, on four weekly visits in each year, and with three measurements at each visit, using a random-zero sphygmomanometer, in a cohort of 333 schoolchildren aged 8 through 15 at entry. Ninety percent of subjects had measurements in 1 or more years of follow-up. For all follow-up periods (1, 2, and 3 years from baseline), the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure rose substantially with the number of weekly visits used to calculate each subject's yearly blood pressure (P < .0001). For systolic pressure, the 3-year r values for 1, 2, 3, and 4 visits were .45, .55, .64, and .69, respectively. For diastolic pressure (Korotkoff phase 4), the corresponding values were .28, .41, .47, and .54. These higher multiple-visit estimates of tracking approximate published adult values and raise the possibility that prediction of adult blood pressure from childhood measurements may be improved by averaging readings from multiple weekly visits.

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