scholarly journals The Effect of Conventional and Minimum Tillage Practices on some Soil Properties in a Dryland Vineyard

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Van Huyssteen ◽  
H. W. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage Practices and Rice Straw Management on Soil Environment and Carbon Dioxide Emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
JC Biswas ◽  
M Maniruzzaman ◽  
AK Choudhury ◽  
F Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Straw Application

Carbon (C) inputs and tillage intensity impinge on C degradation and thus CO2 emission and soil properties get influenced. Information on CO2 emission and soil properties under different tillage practices and straw application in rice based cropping system in Bangladesh is lacking. The effects of rice straw and tillage operations on CO2 emission and soil properties were quantified in four consecutive seasons of transplanted Aman and Boro rice grown under two tillage operations (minimum and traditional) and three levels of rice straw (control, incorporation and mulch) during 2010 to 2012. Irrespective of tillage practices, CO2 emission peak reached after 3-4 weeks of straw application. Carbon dioxide emission ranged from 26 to 59 kg ha-1 day-1 under minimum tillage and 25 to 96 kg ha-1 day-1 under traditional tillage. Minimum tillage accumulated more C in soil, which could be attributed to lower rates of emission and straw degradation. Carbon degradation rate constants, k were 0.000300 and 0.000394 (day-1) under minimum and traditional tillage, respectively. Small increment in soil C might help reducing CO2 in the atmosphere. Mineralization of straw increased nutrient contents and thereby improved the soil fertility and availability to the crops for nutrients’ uptake. Traditional tillage significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased field capacity of the soil, whereas in addition, rice straw application furthermore increased permanent wilting point and available water content in the soil. The present study may help in identifying suitable tillage and residue management options in reducing CO2 emission from rice fields.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 127-142

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Properties and Productivity under Different Tillage Practices and Wheat Genotypes: A Short-Term Study in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokoofeh Khorami ◽  
Seyed Kazemeini ◽  
Sadegh Afzalinia ◽  
Mahesh Gathala
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Tillage Practices

Natural resources are the most limiting factors for sustainable agriculture in Iran. Traditional practices are intensive tillage that leads to a negative impact on crop productivity and soil properties. Conservation agriculture including tillage reductions, better agronomy, and improved varieties, showed encouraging results. The goal of this study was to test combined effect of tillage practices and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes on soil properties as well as crop and water productivity. The experiment was conducted at Zarghan, Fars, Iran during 2014–2016. Experimental treatments were three-tillage practices—conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no tillage (NT)—and four wheat genotypes were randomized in the main and subplots, respectively using split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed NT had higher soil bulk density at surface soil, thereby lower cumulative water infiltration. The lowest soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were obtained under CT that led to the highest C:N ratio. Reduced tillage produced higher wheat yield and maize (Zea mays L.) biomass. Maximum irrigation water was applied under CT, which leads lower water productivity. The findings are based on short-term results, but it is important to evaluate medium- and long-term effects on soil properties, crop yields and water use in future.

Comparison of Application Methods and Tillage Practices on Volatilization of Clomazone

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Thelen ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Application Methods

Field trials were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to determine the effect of incorporation on volatilization of clomazone from soil. Volatilization was detected up to 2 weeks after surface-applied or soil-incorporated treatments of clomazone at 1.1 kg ai/ha. The amount of volatilization detected was greatest following rainfall and varied between years. More clomazone volatilized after surface application than after incorporation, regardless of the climatic conditions present. Clomazone volatilization detected was in the order of no-tillage > minimum tillage > conventional tillage.

Effects of Minimum-Tillage Practices on Spider Activity in Old-Field Swards

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mangan ◽  
Robert A. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Old Field ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices

Effect of tillage practices on the fate of hard seeds of subterranean clover in a ley farming system

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Treatment ◽  
Clover Seed

In a rotation of 1 year pasture/l year crop, a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Daliak) pasture was either left untilled or subjected to minimum or conventional tillage. One set of tillage treatments was imposed in each ofthree crop years while another set of treatments was imposed in only the first crop year. Regenerating clover plants were prevented from setting seed. In the first crop, 44% of the clover seeds were buried below 2 cm of soil by minimum tillage; this proportion was 65% in the conventional tillage treatment. In the first pasture regeneration year, seedling densities were highest in the no-tillage treatment. Conversely, there were more residual seeds in the tilled treatments and, in the second and third pasture regeneration years, this led to higher seedling densities than in the no-tillage treatment. The effects of tillage were more marked in the conventional than in the minimum-tillage treatment. Clover establishment was improved by repeat tillage operations which returned some of the buried seeds closer to the soil surface. Although more seedlings overall were obtained from the no-tillage treatment, the disadvantage of fewer seedlings in the tilled treatments was offset by the spread of seedling establishment over a number of pasture years. This spread, which would be more marked with harder-seeded cultivars, could be desirable in environments in which clover seed production is unreliable.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage practices at different levels of soil moisture on some soil properties and maize productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Abdel-Aal M. H.
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Moisture Contents

A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Agricultural Research Centre (ARC) Giza, Egypt. This study aims to examine the effect of three tillage treatments under three different moisture contents on some soil properties and on maize crop production. The experiments included three moisture contents of (MC1, 27.2 %), (MC2, 15.4 %) and (MC3, 7.2 %); as well as three tillage treatments, no-tillage control (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT). The experimental was laid out in split-split plot design with four replications. The results showed that, there was significant effect of tillage at different moisture levels on soil physical and chemical properties. It was also indicated that the effect of tillage practices was significantly on soil bulk density, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity and moisture constants, where the conventional tillage at soil moisture level 15.4% (MC2) helped in improving soil bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and total porosity. Soil organic C, cations exchange capacity CEC, available N, P and K were improved in the soil surface layer of NT and decreased with depth. Clod mean weight diameter of soil was improved with 15.4-% of soil moisture content regardless of tillage depth and enhanced root proliferation by increasing density roots compared with minimum and no tillage in maize plant. The grain yields of maize were improving more under conventional tillage at moisture content 15.4% compared with other treatments. It was found that plant height and roots value increased by using conventional tillage compared with other tillage treatments.

GROWTH AND YIELD INDICES OF CASSAVA (MANIHOT UTILISSIMA) AND SOIL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT TRADITIONAL TILLAGE PRACTICES IN A HUMID ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Chukudinife ENUJEKE ◽  
Collins EGBUCHUA
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cassava Plant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The study was conducted to assess the effects of traditional tillage practices namely No-till, Ridge-till and Mound-till, on cassava growth parameters and soil physico-chemical properties. It was a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design replicated 3-times. The factors were the 3-tillage methods and cassava plant as a test crop. Data collected on soil properties include the particle size distribution, soil bulk density, soil water content, hydraulic conductivity, soil pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable bases, while data collected on plant growth and yield indices include; plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of tubers, tuber length and weight of tubers. The data were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months but cumulated at 12 months after planting. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and relationship between cassava tuber yield and some soil properties measured. Results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between Ridge and Mound-till. The Ridge-till and Mound-till systems significantly influenced plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, tuber weight and total yield of cassava than No-till system, hence were recommended of increased yield of cassava in the study area.

The effectiveness of plant diversification in crop rotations of the central forest-steppe of Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Суркова ◽  
С.Д. Гилев ◽  
И.Н. Цымбаленко ◽  
А.Н. Копылов
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Grain Crop

Представлены результаты исследований, проведённых в 2012–2020 годах в Курганском научно-исследовательском институте сельского хозяйства – филиале ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН в лаборатории земледелия. В севооборотах, заложенных в конце 60-х годов прошлого столетия в центральной лесостепной зоне Зауралья, в последние годы произошли значительные изменения: усовершенствованы технологические приёмы, произведена диверсификация культур, осуществлён переход на две системы обработки почвы (отвальную и минимальную), уточнены дозы применяемых минеральных удобрений. На стационарной основе осуществляется постоянный мониторинг биоценоза почвы и её плодородия. В задачу настоящих исследований входила комплексная оценка приёмов интенсификации в трёх зернопаровых и зерновом севооборотах. Предшественники, способы основной обработки почвы в комплексе с удобрениями и другими элементами агротехнологии оказали существенное влияние на урожайность яровой пшеницы, определяя тем самым продуктивность и эффективность севооборотов в целом. В процессе исследований установлена ведущая роль диверсификации, обеспечивающей формирование структуры посевных площадей, позволяющей производить не только зерно яровой пшеницы, но и растениеводческую продукцию, востребованную рынком в большей степени, чем зерно пшеницы. Введение в зернопаровые севообороты сои и рапса обеспечило увеличение продуктивности и высокую экономическую эффективность. Севооборот с соей по продуктивности превзошёл традиционный зернопаровой, особенно по экономическим показателям. Рентабельность производства продукции при минимизации почвообработки, с применением средств интенсификации в севообороте с соей составила 105%, с рапсом — 93% против 49% в зернопаровом пшеничном севообороте. Разработки актуальны, пользуются особым интересом у сельхозтоваропроизводителей. The investigation was carried out at the Laboratory of Arable Farming of the Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute in 2012–2020. Crop rotations started in late 60th in the central forest-steppe of Trans-Urals significantly changed. Some techniques were modified; the number of crops used grew. Fertilization rates were optimized and only two tillage practices are used now (moldboard plowing and minimum tillage). Soil biotic communities and fertility are constantly monitored. This experiment was aimed to evaluate cultivation methods based on three grain crop-fallow or grain crop rotations. Forecrops, tillage, fertilization and other techniques significantly increased spring wheat productivity and therefore, the effectiveness of the crop rotation in general. Diversification was of great value enabling production both wheat grain and plant mass. The latter is more required on the market than the former. Introduction of soybean and rapeseed into the grain crop-fallow rotation resulted in higher yield and economical effectiveness. Soybean rotation exceeded the productivity of the conventional one particularly in cost efficiency. Paybacks after soybean and rapeseed cultivation amounted to 105 and 93%, respectively, versus 49% obtained from the grain crop-fallow rotation under minimum tillage. The optimized practices are of high interest for farmers.

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