scholarly journals Effect of Tillage Practices and Rice Straw Management on Soil Environment and Carbon Dioxide Emission

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
JC Biswas ◽  
M Maniruzzaman ◽  
AK Choudhury ◽  
F Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Straw Application

Carbon (C) inputs and tillage intensity impinge on C degradation and thus CO2 emission and soil properties get influenced. Information on CO2 emission and soil properties under different tillage practices and straw application in rice based cropping system in Bangladesh is lacking. The effects of rice straw and tillage operations on CO2 emission and soil properties were quantified in four consecutive seasons of transplanted Aman and Boro rice grown under two tillage operations (minimum and traditional) and three levels of rice straw (control, incorporation and mulch) during 2010 to 2012. Irrespective of tillage practices, CO2 emission peak reached after 3-4 weeks of straw application. Carbon dioxide emission ranged from 26 to 59 kg ha-1 day-1 under minimum tillage and 25 to 96 kg ha-1 day-1 under traditional tillage. Minimum tillage accumulated more C in soil, which could be attributed to lower rates of emission and straw degradation. Carbon degradation rate constants, k were 0.000300 and 0.000394 (day-1) under minimum and traditional tillage, respectively. Small increment in soil C might help reducing CO2 in the atmosphere. Mineralization of straw increased nutrient contents and thereby improved the soil fertility and availability to the crops for nutrients’ uptake. Traditional tillage significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased field capacity of the soil, whereas in addition, rice straw application furthermore increased permanent wilting point and available water content in the soil. The present study may help in identifying suitable tillage and residue management options in reducing CO2 emission from rice fields.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 127-142

scholarly journals Is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Zhuo ◽  
Xu ◽  
Xu ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF ENERGY AND CO2 EMISSION INTENSITIES: A STUDY OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (02) ◽  
pp. 389-407
Author(s):  
SANTOSH K. SAHU ◽  
DEEPANJALI MEHTA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector

This paper investigates determinants of energy and emission intensities of manufacturing firms in India, from 2000 to 2014. Given that Indian manufacturing sector is one of the world’s most polluting sectors in terms of CO2 emissions; we arrive at firm level determinants of energy and carbon dioxide emission intensities from consumption of three primary sources of energy, namely (1) Coal, (2) Natural Gas and (3) Petroleum. The results of the regression analysis suggest that there are inter-firm differences in energy and emission intensity. The results indicate that smaller and larger firms are both energy and emission intensive compared to medium sized firms. Similarly, firms spending more in research and development activities are found to be energy and emission efficient, compare to others. Hence, in the global competitive business environment, Government of India should carefully formulate policies suitable for the medium sized firms to make them energy and emission efficient.

scholarly journals CO2 Emission to the Atmosphere from Carbonate Waters: The Study Case of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze Regions

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
Stanisław Chmiel ◽  
Stanisław Hałas ◽  
Tomasz Pieńkos ◽  
Sławomir Głowacki ◽  
Ewa Maciejewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Groundwater Outflow

Abstract The concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water (CO2(aq)) was measured in consecutive phases of the hydrological cycle. Its potentially possible degassing from groundwaters to the atmosphere was also assessed. The research was conducted in the area of occurrence of carbonate rocks of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze (SE Poland). The results of the measurements of CO2(aq) concentration varied as follows (min-max/mean): precipitation waters < 1-3/2.6 mg · dm−3, soil waters 3-50/14.2 mg · dm−3, groundwaters 10-70/30.3 mg · dm−3, river waters < 1-21/7.6 mg · dm−3. The measure of degassing of carbon dioxide from groundwaters to the atmosphere was a decrease in CO2(aq) concentration in fluvial outflow. Based on the value of groundwater outflow from the Lublin Upland and Roztocze, the annual carbon dioxide emission from waters to the atmosphere was calculated at a level of 50 thousand Mg · year−1. This value constitutes approximately 1% of anthropogenic emission of carbon dioxide originating from environmentally harmful industrial plants in the Lublin province.

Influence of test fuel properties and composition on UNECE R101 CO2 and fuel economy valuation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Test Fuel ◽  
Lower Heating

AbstractCO2 emission and fuel consumption of passenger cars is now assessed by using a simplistic procedure measuring the emission during a test performed without any control of the fuel properties and computing the fuel consumption through an unsophisticated formula. As pump gasoline and diesel fuels are refinery products mixture of many different hydrocarbons, and in case of gasoline may also contain a significant amount of oxygenates, the fuel properties, including the density, carbon and energy content may strongly vary from one pump fuel to the other. Being the specific test fuels carefully selected by the car manufacturers and everything but randomly chosen pump fuels, the claimed CO2 emission and fuel economy figures may differ largely from the certification values. I show from the analysis of the 2014 UK government data for 2358 diesel and 2103 petrol vehicles how same volumes of only theoretically same pump fuels used during the certification test by the cars manufacturers unfortunately do not produce the same carbon dioxide emission, and very likely do not have the same energy content. The CO2 emission per liter of diesel fuel is shown to oscillate froma maximum of 3049 g to a minimum of 2125 g, with an average of 2625 g, froma +16.13% to a -19.06% of the average. TheCO2 emission per liter of petrol fuel is shown to oscillate even more from a maximum of 3735 g to a minimum of 1767 g with an average of 2327 g, from a +60.48% to a -24.05% of the average. The proposed solution is to center the assessment on the energy demand by measuring with accuracy the mass of fuel consumed and the fuel properties of the test fuel starting from the lower heating. The corrected fuel consumption and the corrected carbon dioxide emission to mention from the test are then computed by using pure hydrocarbon reference fuels for diesel and petrol having a given lower heating value and a given hydrocarbon composition. Alternatively, exactly the same test fuel should be used by all the manufacturers.

scholarly journals Designing and Analyzing Park Sensor System for Efficient and Sustainable Car Park Area Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Köten ◽  
Ahmet Faruk Karakebelioğlu ◽  
Özkan Eren ◽  
Hüseyin Alp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Vehicle Density ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Area Management

Many problems have been seen in cities because of increasing vehicle density. One of these problems is vehicle density in parking lots. People look for empty parking areas and they spend too much time. While people look for empty parking areas, CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission and energy consumption increase due to density in parking lots. We worked to solve these problems by doing Magnetic Car Park Sensor. Magnetic Car Park Sensor is the system which detects cars in car parks. After cars detected with the system, the system sends information to center server and we can see information data in the system interface. The system helps people to find empty parking lots. As people find empty car park areas fastly, energy consumption and CO2 emission are decreased significantly.

The Influence of Tillage Practices on Yields and Weed Control in Safflower

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
L. R. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Moldboard Plow

An experiment to investigate tillage practices for producing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and controlling weeds was conducted from 1963 to 1965. Three tillage intensities designated excessive, moderate, and minimum, depending on the number and kind of tillage operations performed prior to planting, were used. Three different tillage tools used as the primary implement in preparing the seedbed were sweep machine, oneway, and moldboard plow.Excessive, moderate, and minimum tillage plots averaged 342, 374, and 413 lb/A of safflower and 72, 73, and 63 lb/A of weeds, respectively. The sweep machine plots produced the highest safflower yields and lowest weed yields at all intensities with the oneway and moldboard plow about the same. Yields produced from the best treatments in the experiment (minimum tillage with the sweep machine and seeding with the shoe drill) averaged approximately 300 lb/A more than commercial fields and weed control was effective.

Dicyandiamide increased ammonia volatilisation and decreased carbon dioxide emission from calcareous soil during wheat–maize rotation on the Loess Plateau

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Raza ◽  
Xuesong Li ◽  
Na Miao ◽  
Muneer Ahmed ◽  
Zhanjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrification Process

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been found to retard the nitrification process, reduce N losses and increase nitrogen use efficiency; however, their effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from calcareous soil has rarely been reported. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study whether nitrification inhibition by dicyandiamide (DCD) has any effect on CO2 release from calcareous soil. The experiment comprised five treatments: a control (0 kg N ha–1) and two levels of N fertiliser applied on wheat (160 and 220 kg N ha–1) and maize (180 and 280 kg N ha–1) crops, with and without DCD. Compared with the control, a decrease in soil pH (mean 0.21 units in N fertiliser treatments without DCD and 0.11 units with DCD) and increases in cumulative CO2 emission (mean 17% and 23% in wheat and maize respectively) and cumulative ammonia (NH3) volatilisation (mean 28% and 446% in wheat and maize respectively) was recorded under all N fertilised treatments (with and without DCD). The application of DCD with N fertiliser retarded the nitrification process, as indicated by a higher NH4+-N and lower NO3–-N content, as well as a relatively higher soil pH, compared with application of N fertiliser without DCD. In addition, DCD application significantly reduced CO2 emission in both wheat (10–20%) and maize (13–14%) crops compared with crops grown with N fertiliser without DCD. However, the losses from NH3 volatilisation increased when DCD was applied at both N fertiliser levels in both wheat (38–41%) and maize (24–36%) crops. Inhibition of nitrification by DCD was more effective during the wheat than during maize season. Controlling nitrification using DCD is an effective approach to minimise CO2 emission from calcareous soils on the Loess Plateau; however, DCD application increases in NH3 volatilisation.

scholarly journals Social and Economic Factors of Industrial Carbon Dioxide in China: From the Perspective of Spatiotemporal Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4268
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
Jinhua Cheng ◽  
Beidi Diao ◽  
Yaqi Wu ◽  
Peiqi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Industrial Carbon

The reduction of CO2 emission has become one of the significant tasks to control climate change in China. This study employs Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to identify the provinces in China with different types of spatiotemporal transition, and applies the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) to analyze the influencing factors of industrial CO2 emissions. Spatial autocorrelation of provincial industrial CO2 emissions from 2003 to 2017 has been demonstrated. The results are as follows: (1) 30 provinces in China are categorized into 8 types of spatiotemporal transition, among which 24 provinces are characterized by stable spatial structure and 6 provinces show significant spatiotemporal transition; (2) For all types of spatiotemporal transition, economic scale effect is mostly contributed to industrial CO2 emission, while energy intensity effect is the most crucial driving force to reduce industrial carbon dioxide emission; (3) provinces of type HH-HH, HL-HL and HL-HH are most vital for CO2 emission reduction, while the potential CO2 emission increase of developing provinces in LL-LL, LH-LH and LL-LH should also be taken into account. Specific measures for CO2 emission reduction are suggested accordingly.

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