scholarly journals International legal and methodological support of road traffic safety: concepts and essential features

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
M. G. Kolodyazhny
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
International Status ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The article aims to learn about international legal and international methodological support of road traffic safety and transport operation. A number of statistical indicators, which testify to the catastrophic state of road traffic safety both in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular, are presented. The development of the definition of this concept is proposed to carry out in the classical way: by highlighting its corresponding essential features. These include: object, subject, system and purpose. The object is the sphere of road traffic of the motor transport specifically. The subjects are the international institutions (UN, WHO, World Bank, etc.) and international public associations. The system of such support is classified into eight main groups according to the sphere of regulation of the relevant legal relations within the general sector of road traffic safety. In turn, the international methodological support in this sphere is classified into seven types according to its focus. The main international conventions, resolutions and other decisions, first of all, the UN’s ones, and the international agreements forming the system of the international legal support of road traffic safety are presented. The purpose of this support is to increase road traffic safety around the world. Hence, the international legal and methodological support for road traffic safety is a set of regulations of an international nature, information materials issued with the participation of official institutions with international status, as well as international public associations aimed at ensuring traffic safety, reducing mortality and road traffic injuries in different countries of the world.

scholarly journals Theoretical problems of legal definition of transport safety and adjacent categories

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Denis Vladimirovich Iroshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts

 This article carries out an in-depth scientific analysis of such legal concepts as “transport safety” and “safety of the transport system”, as well as sectoral concepts by type of transport “road-traffic safety”, “navigational safety” and “aviation safety”. The indicated types of safety are viewed based on such criteria and an object of protection, source of threat, as well as cross-system ties with other types of safety. The research demonstrates the vast differences between the objects of protection and sources of threats in these concepts. The methodology of this work consists in the method of formal logics, which allowed determining logical contradictions in the conceptual-categorical apparatus of transport safety, as well as systemic method for conducting systemic analysis of these types of safeties. The author makes a conclusion that the Federal Law “On Transport Safety” underlies anti-terrorism legislation, and is aimed only at combating acts of illegal intrusion into functionality of the transport system. Therefore, the legal definition of transport safety is also severely narrowed and includes one aspect from the multifaceted transport safety.

scholarly journals Road traffic safety in Ukraine: state and development prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Olesia IVANENKO ◽  
Ivan PONOMARENKO
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Road User ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. The issue of road traffic safety has been studied by many modern scientists. However, despite the research, this issue remains relevant to this day, both theoretically and practically. This is due to the fact that the concept of road traffic safety is not currently enshrined in law, and there is no unanimity among scientists on its content. Moreover, the relevance of the practical component is evidenced by the fact that over the past three years a number of important regulations in the field of road traffic safety and procedures for their implementation have been developed. The purpose of the paper is to determine the state of road traffic safety in Ukraine. In accordance with the goal, the main objectives of this study are to formulate a definition of “traffic”, “road traffic safety”, outlining their elements; determining the state of road traffic safety in Ukraine and further development trends, establishing the main directions of implementation of state policy in the field of road traffic safety. Results. Covering the issue of road safety, it should be noted that the current legislation of Ukraine does not provide a definition of this concept, but in 2016 there was an attempt to legislate both the legal category of “road traffic safety” and a number of closely related to it. Thus, the authors of the draft Law on Road Traffic and Safety defined traffic as “the process of traffic on roads and other places where it is not prohibited by the draft law”, and road traffic safety as “a state of the road system, due to which the appropriate level of protection of road users from road accidents and their negative consequences is determined and achieved”. It should be emphasized that road traffic safety is achieved through the application of appropriate measures of organizational, administrative, socio-economic and technical nature, which are enshrined in regulations and which are aimed at ensuring the proper and safe level road traffic safety for all its participants. It should be noted that neither the Ukrainian legislator nor the state executive bodies reduce the state of danger on the roads of Ukraine, so they are constantly developing appropriate programs and taking measures to increase the level of road traffic safety. Thus, in 2020, a state program was approved, the main goal of which is to reduce the level of accidents on the roads and the severity, first of all, of the socio-economic consequences of road accidents. Conclusion. According to the legislation of Ukraine, road traffic safety should be understood as a set of socio-economic and organizational-technical measures to ensure road traffic safety and road user, prevention of road traffic accidents and elimination or minimization of their negative consequences.

scholarly journals Prawo do życia i zdrowia a skuteczność kampanii społecznych na rzecz poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-250
Author(s):  
Maria Michałowska ◽  
Teresa Gądek-Hawlena
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Current Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Among many areas of human activity resulting in the development of civilization, it is possible to identify those significantly threatening his health and life. One of them is increasing mobility, that brings many benefits, but also lead to high social, economic and environmental costs of road traffic. According to the current data provided by World Health Organization, road accidents are listed as one of the ten leading causes of death in the world. In order to protect human life and health, international organisations, national gov- ernments, actors and organisations undertake a number of actions aimed at changing the behaviour of road traffic participants. Initiatives aimed at motivating road traffic participants to behave correctly include social campaigns. In Poland there are many social campaigns for the improvement of road traffic safety At the same time, it should be stressed that the preventive nature of this type of action makes it impossible to assess its effectiveness unequivocally. The article presents the results of direct studies on the recognition of social campaigns for the improvement of road safety in Poland and the assessment of their actual influence on the improvement of safety by road traffic participants.

Safety Enhancement by Automated Driving: What are the Relevant Scenarios?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1686-1690
Author(s):  
Niklas Grabbe ◽  
Michael Höcher ◽  
Alexander Thanos ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Safety Enhancement

Automated driving offers great possibilities in traffic safety advancement. However, evidence of safety cannot be provided by current validation methods. One promising solution to overcome the approval trap (Winner, 2015) could be the scenario-based approach. Unfortunately, this approach still results in a huge number of test cases. One possible way out is to show the current, incorrect path in the argumentation and strategy of vehicle automation, and focus on the systemic mechanisms of road traffic safety. This paper therefore argues the case for defining relevant scenarios and analysing them systemically in order to ultimately reduce the test cases. The relevant scenarios are based on the strengths and weaknesses, in terms of the driving task, for both the human driver and automation. Finally, scenarios as criteria for exclusion are being proposed in order to systemically assess the contribution of the human driver and automation to road safety.

scholarly journals Assessing inequality, irregularity, and severity regarding road traffic safety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Lin ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID-19 has affected every sector of our society, among which human mobility is taking a dramatic change due to quarantine and social distancing. We investigate the impact of the pandemic and subsequent mobility changes on road traffic safety. Using traffic accident data from the city of Los Angeles and New York City, we find that the impact is not merely a blunt reduction in traffic and accidents; rather, (1) the proportion of accidents unexpectedly increases for “Hispanic” and “Male” groups; (2) the “hot spots” of accidents have shifted in both time and space and are likely moved from higher-income areas (e.g., Hollywood and Lower Manhattan) to lower-income areas (e.g., southern LA and southern Brooklyn); (3) the severity level of accidents decreases with the number of accidents regardless of transportation modes. Understanding those variations of traffic accidents not only sheds a light on the heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 across demographic and geographic factors, but also helps policymakers and planners design more effective safety policies and interventions during critical conditions such as the pandemic.

scholarly journals Classification of Russian cities by levels of road traffic safety: specifics of required management decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 05009
Author(s):  
Artur Petrov ◽  
Daria Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Rate Heterogeneity ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Relative Disadvantage

The article considers the results of research of accident rate heterogeneity in cities-administrative centers of subjects of Russian Federation (2015, 2016). Using methods of ranging, regression analysis and spatial differentiation these cities were classified into 5 classes on the basis of relative disadvantage in road traffic safety sphere. For each group of cities differentiated recommendations on financing regional road traffic safety programs were suggested.

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