scholarly journals Decentralisation of Public Enterprises in federal countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Victoria C M P Bou
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Programme Design

To bring concepts and knowledge to bear more effectively on policy analysis and programme design, a framework for analysis is needed that focuses on alternatives for organising and financing the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Whether the motivating force behind organisation of SOEs is political or economic, a developing country situation demands that the strategy be looked at from the perspective of the provision of the people’s needs. The paper looks at the forms of SOEs and the relevance of fiscal federalism in this context. Past experience has some lessons and a flawed policy can have unwelcome consequences. Keeping in view the different initial conditions, strategies need to be devised for organisation of SOEs.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS AND SIMPLE HERPES

1927 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Flexner
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Epidemic Encephalitis ◽  
Direct Corollary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

The purpose of this paper is to explain the state of our knowledge of the etiology of epidemic encephalitis, and especially to draw a line of demarcation between the established virus of simple herpes and the hypothetical virus of epidemic encephalitis. It had already been shown that the experimental observations on rabbits do no suffice to prove the identity of the herpes with the encephalitis virus. The discussion of the subject in this paper shows that identity cannot be postulated on the basis of the performed guinea pig experiments. Attention has been drawn to the significant fact that there is lack of harmony in the positive results of those investigators who believe that the incitants of epidemic encephalitis have been discovered. An attempt has been made to attribute some of the discrepancies reported by these investigators either to accidental and contaminating microbic agents, or to the uncovering of virulent agents preexisting in a latent state in the animals employed for inoculation, the existence of which was not previously known or suspected. Since past experience leads us to believe in a single incitant for widespread epidemic diseases, it is probable that, when certainly discovered, the microbe of epidemic encephalitis will prove to be simple and not multiple. The direct corollary to this point of view is that up to the present, the etiology of epidemic encephalitis has not been determined.

Annex 2. Working definitions for use in developing Country Reports and providing supporting data

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The State ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources

These working definitions are provided to facilitate the interpretation and use of the agreed Guidelines and Background Questions for use in preparation of the first Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources. Definitions of additional terms may be obtained from the Reference Module of DAD-IS.

scholarly journals PENYEBAB DAN PENCEGAHAN KORUPSI: KASUS INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhan Sofhian
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Main Factor

After 75 years of Indonesian Independence, the country is supposedly be developed and prosperous, as well as categorized to Super-power state, since it has abundant resources and potential demographic. However, the conditions that occur today cannot be progressed from the state of developing country. What makes Indonesia's not-so-good including massive and systematic corruption? Based on the premise, researchers review the documentation, rules, and regulations related to corruption issues. Are there enough rules? Or is there another cause that makes these rules blunt and helpless against reality? Based on the results of analyzing the rules and phenomena over government institutions, researchers conclude that the main factor of corruption in Indonesia occurs for human factors, especially those who own good strengths in government, economic, and social aspects.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA EKONOMI KERAKYATAN DENGAN PANCASILA SILA KE-4

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Arif Ramadhan ◽  
Awaludin Sinur Kholis ◽  
Anita Trisiana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The People ◽  
Mutual Agreement

Turn of thought and is spend some time talking about the economic system force of the people s in disorder no matter how directly associated with muamalat ran into financial difficulties the most number of the 4th SILA. Have gone before you that “force of the people s that is presided over by skillful and godly wisdom discretion in representative after being suspended from the children of a deceased”. That means even all the house of representatives had to be involved in determining economic policy must be in accordance with mutual agreement or consensus . It is meant to reach for a ideals of society fair, honest, responsible, and prosperous. So that economic strength of the latest in a it is becoming concerned about more influenced a little bit about what an economic system that in practice the by to the state has solid . Indonesia when now applied economic system strategic i.e. the system economic kerakyatan, where in carrying out economic system controlled by the people. But in carrying out the economic system society-based have to need the considerations that were ripe , such as indonesia in determining sisem economic society-based. If you look at history, at the beginning of a developing country, especially Indonesia previously embraced the theory of growth in its economic system. Indonesia now does not adhere to the theory of growth because this principle actually experiences a failure. Therefore, Indonesia currently holds fast to the principle of populist economy.

Déjà Vu: An Illusion of Prediction

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Cleary ◽  
Alexander B. Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Deja Vu ◽  
Déjà Vu ◽  
Scientific Advances

Déjà vu is beginning to be scientifically understood as a memory phenomenon. Despite recent scientific advances, a remaining puzzle is the purported association between déjà vu and feelings of premonition. Building on research showing that déjà vu can be driven by an unrecalled memory of a past experience that relates to the current situation, we sought evidence of memory-based predictive ability during déjà vu states. Déjà vu did not lead to above-chance ability to predict the next turn in a navigational path resembling a previously experienced but unrecalled path (although such resemblance increased reports of déjà vu). However, déjà vu states were accompanied by increased feelings of knowing the direction of the next turn. The results suggest that feelings of premonition during déjà vu occur and can be illusory. Metacognitive bias brought on by the state itself may explain the peculiar association between déjà vu and the feeling of premonition.

Difference Synchronization of Identical and Nonidentical Chaotic and Hyperchaotic Systems of Different Orders Using Active Backstepping Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Donald Dongmo ◽  
Kayode Stephen Ojo ◽  
Paul Woafo ◽  
Abdulahi Ndzi Njah
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Lyapunov Stability Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
State Variables ◽  
State Variable ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Synchronization Scheme ◽  
Hyperchaotic Systems

This paper introduces a new type of synchronization scheme, referred to as difference synchronization scheme, wherein the difference between the state variables of two master [slave] systems synchronizes with the state variable of a single slave [master] system. Using the Lyapunov stability theory and the active backstepping technique, controllers are derived to achieve the difference synchronization of three identical hyperchaotic Liu systems evolving from different initial conditions, as well as the difference synchronization of three nonidentical systems of different orders, comprising the 3D Lorenz chaotic system, 3D Chen chaotic system, and the 4D hyperchaotic Liu system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the theoretical analysis. The development of difference synchronization scheme has increases the number of existing chaos synchronization scheme.

scholarly journals Mixing of two immiscible phases measured by industrial electrical impedance tomography system

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Malík ◽  
Jiří Primas ◽  
Michal Kotek ◽  
Darina Jašíková ◽  
Václav Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The State ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Total Separation

The mixing of two immiscible phases is a process commonly seen in many industrial applications. Whether it is desirable (e.g. mixing of ingredients in chemical or food industry) or undesirable (e.g. sediments or contaminants in water purification) process, it has to be taken into consideration and a detailed description would be beneficial to any end product. This paper deals with a method for observing the volume ratio of two immiscible phases from the state of total separation to the state of a homogenous mixture using industrial Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) system ITS p2+. This paper also shows a great advantage in combining the EIT measuring method with a theoretically derived formula. It is used to calculate the concentration of a non-conductive phase in the final mixture using the initial and final conductivity values. The authors were also able to show a possibility to successfully use the formula in situations, where the initial conditions for it are not fully met.

Law Reform in a Developing Country: A New Code of Obligations for Senegal

1964 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
E. Allan Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Senegal has embarked upon a project to reform its private law. This fact, of itself, might not seem worthy of the attention of the legal profession in the United States, since Senegal is a country of only about 3,250,000 inhabitants, less than the population of the state of Alabama, covering only 76,000 square miles, less than the area of the state of Kansas, and having a total of exports and imports to the dollar zone of less than twelve million dollars in 1962. With twenty per cent of its population in its six largest cities of more than 30,000 inhabitants, it is the most urban, most literate, and most Europeanized of the francophonic countries of sub-Saharan Africa, but this alone would evoke little interest abroad in its attempts at law reform.

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