scholarly journals Concept "Star" in English Linguaculture: Notional Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1077
Author(s):  
A. A. Bakirova
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
White Patch ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Stellar Body ◽  
National Corpus

The article describes the notional features of the concept of star in the English worldview and focuses on those specifics of the representation of the concept that reveal the national consciousness of native English speakers. To describe the structure of the concept, the author analyzed dictionary articles, idioms, and synonyms. The analysis revealed 17 notional signs: a natural luminous body visible in the sky at night; a fixed point of light in the sky; hot balls of burning gas that emits its own light; a planet; fortune / destiny; horoscope; a celebrity; the main person in a film / play; an outstandingly successful person or thing in a group; an object or shape; a figure; a sign of rank / position; a star-shaped ornament or medal worn as a badge of honor or authority; classification of hotels; a white patch on the forehead of a horse or other animal; starfish; a sign of asterisk. The cognitive attributes "stellar body", "fortune / destiny", and "a white patch on the forehead of a horse or other animal" proved to go back to motivating features, which indicates their long-term presence in the language. However, a study of co-occurrence indicated relatively recent cognitive features. Examples were taken from classical English literature and the British National Corpus. A comparative analysis of the actualization of the meanings of the representative word in sentences showed that its conceptual features coincide with the data of explanatory dictionaries.

scholarly journals What may words say, or what may words not say. A corpus-based approach to linguistic action

2005 ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Monserrat Martínez Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Linguistic Action ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
The Way

In this paper I present an empirical approach to the analysis of the way English speakers conceptualize the communicative process in English. Most linguistic expressions about language in English are surface manifestations of what Reddy termed the "conduit metaphor". Reddy's model implies several interrelated cognitive associations: words are conceived as containers in which speakers introduce their ideas and send them to listeners, who will take these ideas out of these containers. Central to this model is the metaphor words are containers. It has also been claimed that there are other ways of perspectivizing the language process apart from the notion of containment (Vanparys 1995). In fact, Reddy himself notes that there is approximately a 30% of metalanguage not based on the conduit metaphor. The pervasiveness of the container metaphor would reasonably be most directly tested in expressions with the lexeme word. In order to measure what falls inside and outside these containers I carry out a corpus analysis of the lexeme word excerpted from the British National Corpus (BNC). The systematic evidence obtained from a large but delimited corpus gives us more reliable information about the frequency and use of this metaphor than an intuition based analysis or an arbitrary search in multi-source corpora.

scholarly journals A Corpus-based Study of the Use of Pause Fillers Among British English Speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 09-16
Author(s):  
Dr. Hamad Abdullah H Aldawsari
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
British English ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Corpus

Many people use pause fillers such as um, erm, and er in order to signal to the other person that they have not finished speaking yet. This paper aims to investigate pause fillers and their relationship with the two sociolinguistic variables of age and gender. The data-driven analysis is based on the British National Corpus (BNC). The results show that the sociolinguistic variables of age and gender influence the use of pause fillers among British English speakers, which is proposed to be linked to the advancement of age and an improved fluency among female speakers.

scholarly journals British ‘Bollocks’ versus American ‘Jerk’: Do native British English speakers swear more – or differently – compared to American English speakers?

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Dewaele
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
British English ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
American English Speakers ◽  
National Corpus

AbstractThe present study investigates the differences between 414 L1 speakers of British and 556 L1 speakers of American English in self-reported frequency of swearing and in the understanding of the meaning, the perceived offensiveness and the frequency of use of 30 negative words extracted from the British National Corpus. Words ranged from mild to highly offensive, insulting and taboo. Statistical analysies revealed no significant differences between the groups in self reported frequency of swearing. The British English L1 participants reported a significantly better understanding of nearly half the chosen words from the corpus. They gave significantly higher offensiveness scores to four words (including “bollocks”) while the American English L1 participants rated a third of words as significantly more offensive (including “jerk”). British English L1 participants reported significantly more frequent use of a third of words (including “bollocks”) while the American English L1 participants reported more frequent use of half of the words (including “jerk”). This is interpreted as evidence of differences in semantic and conceptual representations of these words in both variants of English.

scholarly journals Corpus-Based Frequency Profiling: Migration To A Word List Based On The British National Corpus

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Leah Gilner ◽  
Frank Morales
Keyword(s):  
Word List ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Frequency Word ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
General Service ◽  
Selection And Assessment ◽  
National Corpus

The selection and assessment of ELT materials involve multiple criteria. The use of frequency word lists to profile the vocabulary makeup of a text is one such criterion. It provides a quantifiable characterization and classification of lexical material in terms of corpus-based frequency measures. The process of vocabulary profiling is not without challenges, first among which is the identification of a word list adequate for ELT. The choice will determine the amount of information, if any, that can be derived from a text. This paper provides an appraisal of a frequency word list based on the British National Corpus (BNC) and shows the benefits that can be gained by profiling with this list rather than with the long-established General Service List (West, 1953).

scholarly journals Constructions Expressing Inaccurate Quantity: Functions and Status in Modern English

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Zhukova ◽  
Ludmila Petrochenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Status ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Question Form ◽  
The Given

The article reviews lexical units expressing evaluative (inaccurate and/or unspecified) measurement in Modern English. The study reveals that this measurement, located on the periphery of scientific and traditional metric systems, has great significance for operational partitioning and measuring different kinds of objects in the everyday life of native English speakers. To date, there have been no detailed descriptions of lexical representations for evaluative measurement in the English language since existing papers do not approach this issue systematically. The present article, based on the British National Corpus and English dictionaries, as well as on extracts from modern American fiction, is the result of an analysis and systematization of the constructions, or patterns, expressing inaccurate and unspecified quantities in Modern English. In particular, the article provides a list of such constructions and their corresponding classifications based on their functions as specific classifiers. It also studies the structure of each type distinguished, the semantics of their components and their combinatory specificities. The analysis determines the status of these constructions in the paradigm of the category of measure in relation to the other language means of the given conceptual category, with which the constructions in question form the corresponding functional-semantic field. The results of the conducted research reveal how the “human factor” manifests itself in the English-language culture when expressing quantity evaluation of the outward things.

scholarly journals CONVENTIONAL INDIRECTNESS STRATEGIES ON REQUEST USED BY MALE AND FEMALE SPEAKERS IN SPOKEN BRITISH NATIONAL CORPUS

PARADIGM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tantri Refa Indriarti ◽  
Yulia R. Mawarni
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
British English ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
National Corpus

<p>This study aims at analysing conventional indirectness strategies on request used by British English speakers as shown in spoken British National Corpus (BNC). Conventional indirect strategy is often rated as the most polite expression of politeness. In this case, male and female obviously have different strategies for making the request, which may be influenced by some factors. A qualitative approach was employed to conduct this study since the data are the utterances produced by male and female speakers in spoken BNC. The study revealed that there were 187 utterances that contain Conventional Indirectness Strategies on request used by male and female speakers in spoken BNC. Ability conditions was the strategy of conventional indirect request that mostly used by the male and female speakers. Then, the three factors (i.e. gender, age, and social class) have an effect and significant role on the speaker’s choice of strategies employed by British English speakers. As this study is focused on the indirect request strategies, thus it is suggested to the next researchers who are interested in the same study could be expected to conduct the indirect request strategies by adding more factors.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals STATISTIC-LINGUISTIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTUAL TYPES OF A RUSSIAN AND AN ENGLISH WORD (BASED ON NCRL, BNC, ANC)

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-291
Author(s):  
Tatiana N. Chugaeva ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Baiburova ◽  
Anton A. Vakhotin ◽  
Svetlana Y. Dmitrieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
English Word ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Rhythmic Structure ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

Corpus research presents obvious benefits, though linguists approach the material in various ways. For example, corpus linguists approach data in an exploratory way, whereas psycholinguists more often tend to combine corpus data and experimental research. The current work uses the theoretical systemic approach to describe the two frequency strata of the three corpora (Russian National Corpus, British National Corpus and Open American National Corpus) and build the classification of phonetic word types in Russian and English (British and American). The aim of the research is to draw up the phonetic (perceptive) classification of the corresponding languages and to describe the identity of their sound systems based on these types. The high frequency and the frequency strata of the three corpora have been analyzed to identify the words characterized by the following linguistic features: length in syllables, stressed vowel, rhythmic structure, etc. The data comparison discovered more distinctions than similarities among the three corpora...

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