Laboratory Selection and Assessment of Resistance Risk in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Spinosad and Malathion

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is one of the most economically important pests of soft-skinned fruits worldwide. Repeated insecticide applications commonly used to prevent fruit infestations increase the risk of resistance development in D. suzukii. Assessment of resistance risk in D. suzukii using artificial selection can be valuable in developing proactive resistance management strategies to retain susceptibility in the field populations. Here, we artificially selected a colony of field-collected D. suzukii for resistance against spinosad and malathion. A quantitative genetic approach was then used to estimate realized heritability (h2) of resistance and predict the rates of resistance development. After 10 and 11 generations of selection, resistance to spinosad and malathion in D. suzukii females significantly increased by 7.55- and 2.23-fold, respectively. Based on the predicted rates of resistance development, assuming h2 = 0.14 (mean h2 of spinosad resistance in this study) and 90% of population was killed at each generation, 10-fold increase in LC50 of D. suzukii females would be expected in nine generations for spinosad. However, 10-fold increase in LC50 of D. suzukii females for malathion would be expected in 37 generations, assuming h2 = 0.08 (mean h2 of malathion resistance) and 90% of population was killed at each generation. These results indicate that the risk of resistance in D. suzukii populations exists against both spinosad and malathion. However, resistance would develop faster against spinosad as compared to malathion. Thus, resistance management strategies should be implemented proactively to maintain the effectiveness of these insecticides to control D. suzukii.

Prospects for the use of IT for the selection and assessment of suppliers of materials and components

The purpose of this work is to use information technology to help management decisions. The crux of the problem is the choice of suppliers of materials and components for mechanical engineering companies. Periodically, in the procurement process, suppliers should be assessed on a number of criteria. The importance of rating is due to the fact that in today's market there are a large number of suppliers of the same material resources. Purchase is made from the most competitive suppliers, constantly confirming their status as a reliable business partner. The company developed a method of evaluating suppliers based on the system of management of the bases of the bath Microsoft Office Access. MS Access works in the Windows operating environment and allows users to organize a local database (DB). The local Access database has its own tables, forms, reports and other DB facilities of the organization with a relatively small amount of data. With the help of the scoring method, suppliers are ranked by their level of reliability. The relationship is terminated with a supplier that does not meet the required level of reliability. In this way, management solutions for logistics of supply receive a tool to hang the efficiency and get good results of the enterprise, to achieve its market stability.

Hepatic venous-portal gradient (HVPG) measurement: pearls and pitfalls

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold-standard for measurement of portal hypertension, a common cause for life-threatening conditions such as variceal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy. HVPG also plays a crucial role in risk stratification, treatment selection and assessment of treatment response. Thus recognition of common pitfalls and unusual hepatic venous conditions is crucial. This article aims to provide a radiographical and clinical guide to HVPG with representative clinical cases.

RNPLS&T's e-library in ecology: Tasks, principles, possibilities for ecological education

Ecological issues make the significant stream in RNPLS&T’s activities. In 2009, the Ecological E-library was established. At present, the E-library comprises 22 collections of over 800 books, journals and serials in the rare publications collections of RNPLS&T and partner organizations. The collections are being published on DVDs and are also available on open access on the Library’s ecological webpage. The project goal is to acquire an accessible full-text resource in the RF nature management built on science literature of the 18th-early 20th centuries. The resource is being enriched with new special collections. For this purpose, Ecology and Sustainable Development Projects Group has implemented the algorithm for special collection development encompassing content selection and assessment, digitization of publications and publishing the digital periodical registered by Informregistr Sci-tech Center. After the collection is loaded online, the Group is to promote it through issuing methodological guide on how to use the collection in ecological education.The article is prepared within the framework of the State Order № 075-01300-20-00.