scholarly journals Erosion potential of ultrasonic food processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Sergei Bredihin ◽  
Vladimir Andreev ◽  
Alexander Martekha ◽  
Matthias Schenzle ◽  
Igor Korotkiy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Contact Spot ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Liquid Food ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Damping Rate ◽  
Food Media

Introduction. Cavitation is the most significant factor that affects liquid food products during ultrasound treatment. Ultrasonic treatment intensifies diffusion, dissolution, and chemical interactions. However, no physical model has yet been developed to unambiguously define the interaction between ultrasonic cavities and structural particles of liquid food media. Physical models used to describe ultrasonic interactions in liquid food media are diverse and, sometimes, contradictory. The research objective was to study ultrasonic devices in order to improve their operating modes and increase reliability. Study objects and methods. The present research featured ultrasonic field generated in water by the cylindrical emitter, the intensity of flexural ultrasonic waves and their damping rate at various distances from the emitter. Results and discussion. The paper offers a review of available publications on the theory of acoustic cavitation in various media. The experimental studies featured the distribution of cavities in the ultrasound field of rod vibrating systems in water. The research revealed the erosion capacity of ultrasonic waves generated by the cylindrical emitter. The article also contains a theoretical analysis of the cavitation damage to aluminum foil in water and the erosive effect of cavitation on highly rigid materials of ultrasonic vibration systems. The obtained results were illustrated by semi-graphical dependences. Conclusion. The present research made it possible to assess the energy capabilities of cavities generated by ultrasonic field at different distances from the ultrasonic emitter. The size of the contact spot and the penetration depth can serve as a criterion for the erosion of the surface of the ultrasonic emitter.

Distributed Modeling Of Building Systems Through Cyber-Physical Integration

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Building Systems ◽  
Important Practical Application

This article describes the proposed approaches to creating distributed models that can, with given accuracy under given restrictions, replace classical physical models for construction objects. The ability to implement the proposed approaches is a consequence of the cyber-physical integration of building systems. The principles of forming the data structure of designed objects and distributed models, which make it possible to uniquely identify the elements and increase the level of detail of such a model, are presented. The data structure diagram of distributed modeling includes, among other things, the level of formation and transmission of signals about physical processes inside cyber-physical building systems. An enlarged algorithm for creating the structure of the distributed model which describes the process of developing a data structure, formalizing requirements for the parameters of a design object and its operating modes (including normal operating conditions and extreme conditions, including natural disasters) and selecting objects for a complete group that provides distributed modeling is presented. The article formulates the main approaches to the implementation of an important practical application of the cyber-physical integration of building systems - the possibility of forming distributed physical models of designed construction objects and the directions of further research are outlined.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

Воздействиеультразвуковогополянадинамическуювязкостьводы

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
P. Vikulin ◽  
K. Khlopov ◽  
M. Cherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibrations ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Sonic Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Enhancing water purification processes is provided by various methods including physical ones, in particular, exposure to ultrasonic vibrations. The change in the dynamic viscosity of water affects the rate of deposition of particles in the aquatic environment which can be used in natural and wastewater treatment. At the Department Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering experimental studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to study the effect of ultrasound on the change in the dynamic viscosity of water. A laboratory setup has been designed consisting of an ultrasonic frequency generator of the relative intensity, a transducer (concentrator) that transmits ultrasonic vibrations to the source water, and sonic treatment tanks. Experimental studies on the impact of the ultrasonic field in the cavitation mode on the dynamic viscosity of the aqueous medium were carried out the exposure time was obtained to achieve the maximum effect.Интенсификация процессов очистки воды осуществляется с помощью различных методов, в том числе и физических, в частности воздействием ультразвуковых колебаний. Изменение динамической вязкости воды влияет на скорость осаждения частиц в водной среде, что может быть использовано в процессах очистки природных и сточных вод. На кафедре Водоснабжение и водоотведение Национального исследовательского Московского государственного строительного университета в лабораторных условиях проведены экспериментальные исследования по изучению влияния ультразвука на изменение динамической вязкости воды. Разработана схема лабораторной установки, состоящая из генератора ультразвуковых частот с соответствующей интенсивностью, преобразователя (концентратора), передающего ультразвуковые колебания в исходную воду, и емкости для озвучивания. Выполнены экспериментальные исследования по влиянию ультразвукового поля в режиме кавитации на динамическую вязкость водной среды, получено время экспозиции для достижения максимального эффекта.

Transmission of Ultrasonic Waves Via Optical Silica Glass Fiber Doped by 7.5% of TiO2 with the Use of Power Sandwich Transducer

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Muc ◽  
Tadeusz Gudra
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Type Transducer ◽  
Simultaneous Transmission

Abstract The possibility of acoustic wave propagation in optical waveguides creates new prospects for simultaneous transmission of laser beams and ultrasonic waves. Combined laser-ultrasonic technology could be useful in e.g. surgical treatment. The article presents the results of experimental studies of transmission of ultrasonic wave in optical fibres, the core of which is doped by 7.5% of TiO2, using a sandwich-type transducer. It also presents amplitude characteristics of an ultrasonic signal propagated in the optical fibre. Authors studied the effect which the length of the fibre has on the achieved output signal amplitudes. They presented the relation of the output signal amplitude from a capacitive sensor to the power applied to the sandwich-type transducer. The obtained results were compared with the results produced when using an optical fibre with a core doped by 3% of GeO2, in order to select optical fibre suitable for simultaneous transmission of ultrasonic waves and laser rays.

Use of Digital Twins for Mathematical Modeling of Ultrasonic Cutting of Titanium Blanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Maxim Ilyushkin ◽  
Kirill Savelev ◽  
Oleg Krupennikov ◽  
Evgeniy S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Stock Removal ◽  
Processing Zone

The paper presents the results of numerical experimental studies of cutting titanium blanks using mathematical modeling programs, which make it possible to completely repeat technological processes in a computer (digital twin). The LS-DYNA product was used as a program to simulate the process of stock removal from titanium blank. It has been established that the use of this method adequately describes the cutting processes, including with the introduction of the energy of an ultrasonic field into the processing zone, can significantly reduce the duration of experimental research and evaluate the influence of the elements of the cutting mode and design parameters of the tool on the thermal power aspects of the formation of new surfaces of machine parts.

scholarly journals Review of Structural Health Monitoring Methods Regarding a Multi-Sensor Approach for Damage Assessment of Metal and Composite Structures

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kralovec ◽  
Martin Schagerl
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Different Levels

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the continuous on-board monitoring of a structure’s condition during operation by integrated systems of sensors. SHM is believed to have the potential to increase the safety of the structure while reducing its deadweight and downtime. Numerous SHM methods exist that allow the observation and assessment of different damages of different kinds of structures. Recently data fusion on different levels has been getting attention for joint damage evaluation by different SHM methods to achieve increased assessment accuracy and reliability. However, little attention is given to the question of which SHM methods are promising to combine. The current article addresses this issue by demonstrating the theoretical capabilities of a number of prominent SHM methods by comparing their fundamental physical models to the actual effects of damage on metal and composite structures. Furthermore, an overview of the state-of-the-art damage assessment concepts for different levels of SHM is given. As a result, dynamic SHM methods using ultrasonic waves and vibrations appear to be very powerful but suffer from their sensitivity to environmental influences. Combining such dynamic methods with static strain-based or conductivity-based methods and with additional sensors for environmental entities might yield a robust multi-sensor SHM approach. For demonstration, a potent system of sensors is defined and a possible joint data evaluation scheme for a multi-sensor SHM approach is presented.

scholarly journals The results of studies of eccentric tillage roller

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Ivan Sharonov ◽  
Vladimir Kurdyumov ◽  
Viktor Kurushin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Required Quality

Developed by eccentric tillage rink, which ensures the desired quality of the soil and increase the yield of crops. As a result of theoretical studies, an expression for determining the dynamic force that increases the intensity of crumbling soil lumps, depending on the regime parameters of the rink. In addition, the relationship between the power required when driving the rink, its parameters. The factors influencing the process of tillage by the developed roller are determined. As a criterion of optimization, the adopted coefficient of compliance with for the density soil of benchmark, which characterizes the quality of soil rolling from the position of compliance of soil density with agrotechnical requirements. As a result of experimental studies, the parameters and operating modes of the roller are optimized, at which the required quality of soil treatment is achieved.

Developing a Method of Hydroerosive Saturation of Liquids with Microparticles of Target Materials Using Ultrajet

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
A.L. Galinovsky ◽  
Myo Htet KYAW ◽  
A.S. Provatorov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Factors Influencing

This paper presents a study on innovative use of ultrajet technologies and expanding their areas of applications. Factors influencing the process of ultrajet dispersing are determined, based on which special tooling is developed and operating modes and parameters are selected. The results of experimental studies on dispersing silver and copper targets are presented. The composition of the obtained suspensions and features of the particles formed in the process of hydroerosion of the material surface (targets) are examined. It is determined that the proposed technology possesses broad capabilities and advantages compared to traditional methods of obtaining suspensions.

Investigating Ultrasound-Induced Acoustic Softening of Aluminum 6061

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Mao ◽  
James M. Gibert ◽  
Georges Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Acoustic Softening ◽  
Softening Process ◽  
Noise Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Energy Activation

Blaha and Langenecker are the first to document the phenomena known as “acoustic softening”: a significant reduction of static stress in tensile tests when applying longitudinal ultrasonic waves to various metals. Based on experimental observations, they hypothesized that acoustic heating due to internal friction and energy activation at dislocations was responsible for this temporary weakening of the material. Later research studies investigating the acoustic softening process used different experimental setups leading to alternative theories of the softening process such as superposition of static and dynamic stress. The variation in the design of the experiments leads to significant differences in observations, causing differing interpretations of the results and the formation of competing theories. We reviewed previous experimental studies and found that the optimum setup is similar to Blaha’s and Langenecker’s. Their setup minimizes noise factors such as friction at the oscillator specimen interface, which could contribute to heating and stress reduction. Therefore, we present our experimental setup composed of an MTS tensile test machine and a Branson ultrasonic welder to study the softening of aluminum 6061 and discuss our own results and how they compare with those in the literature. Additionally, we investigate the applicability of competing theories of softening based on our experimental data.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies on Oscillation Modes of Vibration Separation Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Demianenko ◽  
M. Volf ◽  
I. Pavlenko ◽  
O. Liaposhchenko
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Separation Devices

Despite the rapid development of alternative energy sources, the role of hydrocarbons in the global fuel and energy balance remains significant. For their transportation and further processing, pre-processing is carried out using a set of equipment. In this case, the mandatory devices are separators. In terms of specific energy consumption and separation efficiency, methods based on the action of inertia forces are optimal. However, standard designs have common disadvantages. A method of dynamic separation is proposed to eliminate them. The proposed devices are automatic control systems. The object of regulation is hydraulic resistance, and elastic forces are the regulating actions. Aerohydroelastic phenomena accompany the operation of dynamic separation devices. Among them, the most interesting are flutter and buffeting. Oscillations of adjustable baffles accompany them. It is necessary to conduct a number of multifactorial experiments to determine the operating parameters of dynamic separation devices. In turn, physical experiments aim to identify patterns and features of processes occurring during vibration-inertial separation (i.e., the dependence of various parameters on velocity). Therefore, the article proposes a methodology for carrying our physical experiments on dynamic separation and a designed experimental setup for these studies. As a result, the operating modes of separation devices for different thicknesses of baffle elements were evaluated. Additionally, the dependences of the adjustable element’s deflections and oscillation amplitudes on the gas flow velocity were determined for different operating modes of vibration separation devices.

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