scholarly journals People's Trust in Authorities as a Phenomenon of Parasocial Relations in Modern Russian Society

2022 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
Valentin Nemirovskiy ◽  
Aleksey Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Parasocial Relationship ◽  
Modern Russian ◽  
Theory Of Social Representations

The article features the concept of trust as a phenomenon of parasocial relations. Parasocial relationship is one-sided because its object is sometimes unaware of its subject. The phenomenon of people's trust in social institutions still remains largely understudied. The research was based on the sociocognitive approach developed by R. Falcone and C. Castelfranchi and the theory of social representations by S. Moscovici and D. Jodelet. In Russia, population's trust in authorities has always been low, and the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting it even more. The study revealed two forms of institutional trust, one based on social relations and the other based on parasocial relations. The institutional trust in modern Russia combines social and parasocial forms. They are closely interconnected, and the first can transform into the second. The deficit of social relations between Russian population and authorities in the conditions of declining institutional trust may lead to their replacement by less stable parasocial relations.

scholarly journals Trade Unions in the Comfort Zone: Liberal Authority in Yeltsin’s Russia.

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Jo Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Relations

While much has been written on the failure of the Yeltsin presidency and the transformation of Russian society since 1991, little work has been done that illustrates the participation of established liberal democracies in supporting Yeltsin’s authoritarian, politically unresponsive ‘superpresidentialism,’ or linking this support to the authoritarian nature of the modern liberal democratic project itself. By examining Russian trade union culture and history, as well as international trade union representative involvement, this paper argues that the persistent neglect of unions in the 1990s to challenge social relations of production can be understood as paradigmatic of an authoritarian dynamic focused on the political elite rather than on their membership. With international support, the regime’s concern was with the dismantling of Soviet economic relations and social institutions. Working from the culture and history of Russian trade unions, the unions’ efforts to retain a place in the new era through a strategy of ‘social partnership,’ combined with the collapse of the social welfare system, reinforced a top-down inertia characteristic of the unions. The result, predictably, was an era marked by a politics of irresponsibility, a political ethic is not indicative of an inherent Russian authoritarianism, but that of the authoritarian nature of the liberal modernity itself.

Tax Culture and Trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-387
Author(s):  
Irina Ivanovna Ogorodnikova ◽  
Irina Fedorovna Pecherkina ◽  
Nadezhda Vladimirovna Baksha ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Component ◽  
High Level

Abstract The purpose of this research is to study the influence of the level of public trust in various social institutions and structures on shaping tax culture. The authors identify three components of tax culture, namely, tax morality, tax literacy, and tax behavior. Institutional trust as the main component of a tax paying culture has a strong impact on tax morality. The groups with a high level of institutional trust have only about a third as many tax deviations as the groups with a low level of institutional trust. Over the past decade, Russia has seen a gradual increase in trust, which contributes to strengthening tax morality and raising the level of tax culture in the population. This is manifested in increased tax collection and reduced tax arrears. Nevertheless, tax opportunism still persists in Russian society. Almost a third of citizens do not consider themselves obliged to pay taxes and are tolerant of tax deviations. This fact may serve as a factor in the reproduction of deviant forms of taxpayer behavior, together with a low level of tax literacy in the population.

scholarly journals Interethnic Generalizations and Stereotypes in Mental Representations of Image of ‘The Other’ in Social Representations of Russian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Oksana Noyanzina ◽  
Svetlana Maximova ◽  
Natalia Goncharova ◽  
Daria Omelchenko ◽  
Galina Avdeeva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
The Other

scholarly journals Medicine and society: micro level of social interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
T. V. Semina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Indivisible Object

This article examines the features of the interaction of social institutions of medicine and health care in modern Russian society at the micro level — within the social system “doctor — patient”. Sufficient space is given to a comparative analysis of traditional (paternalistic and collegial) and modern (informational and contractual) models of social relations between doctors and patients. Ne author highlights the factors under which the widespread use of information and contractual models in Russian realities contribute to the transformation of traditionally solidary social relations in the system under consideration into conflict ones. The article, based on the original author’s sociological research, examines the features of the conflict confrontation between doctors and patients, identifies their specific differences from traditional social conflicts. On the one hand, the conflicts that unfold in the social system “doctor — patient” are precisely social conflicts, since the interaction in this system embraces both all representatives of the medical community and practically all members of society, each of which, one way or another, becomes patient. On the other hand, if the prerequisite and then the basis of the usual conflict interaction is the presence of a single indivisible object, then in the case of a social conflict in the “doctor — patient” system, health can hardly be considered “a single and indivisible object”. Health for the subjects of this conflict is indeed an important spiritual value, but much more often the conflict arises over the rights and obligations, as well as the distribution of power among the interacting parties. Enough attention is paid to the analysis of the macro-, meso- and micro- causes of this conflict, as well as to the problem of the influence of the media on the genesis of this type of conflict relationship; tendencies that are especially characteristic in the relationship between the patient audience and the media in recent times are highlighted and revealed.

scholarly journals Russian organizations social capital formation external factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
O. A. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Capital Construction ◽  
Modern Russian

The scientific approach presented in this article is based on the understanding of social capital and corporate culture as intersecting organizational phenomena however irreducible to each other. At the same time corporate culture is understood instrumentally and it is considered as a factor in the social capital formation, development and using process mediating its organizational and managerial effects. This does not negate the fact of complex iterative relations between them but allows to place the emphasis correctly both theoretical and practical, emphasizing the more fundamental and comprehensive nature of social capital directly arising from the laws of social interaction and developing regardless of the purposeful management efforts to form a single corporate culture. The analysis of various studies of social capital in Russia and abroad characterizing the level of generalized trust in Russia as low and noting the multidirectional dynamics between different types of social capital which are not typical for developed countries. These differences are interpreted in terms of differences in social relations types underlying social capital: affiliation, hierarchy and exchange. From this point of view the high level of declared institutional trust (with a certain degree of assumption) can be interpreted as a manifestation of the rational (“calculation”) mechanism of social capital construction in modern Russian society. The conclusion about insufficient account in foreign scientists of social, cultural and spiritual components researches is made. The analysis of the problems that have a negative impact on modern Russian society in the process of social capital formation at the micro, meso- and macrolevels is made. The main problems are the lack of social unity and the spread of the Russian version of individualism associated with severe problems of survival and increasing the level of interpersonal and institutional distrust.

Young family in modern Russian society: image and quality of life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Razov ◽  
Irina Presnyakova-Osipova ◽  
Svetlana Yushkova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Family ◽  
Young Family ◽  
Family Sociology ◽  
Meaning Structure ◽  
Modern Russian

The monograph analyzes one of the most important social institutions of society — the family, its meaning, structure, mechanisms of role relations. The study of these aspects is of particular interest to sociologists, as the transformation of Russian society has left an imprint on the institution of the family, distorting its traditional functions and tasks. First of all, modern trends have influenced the young family. The usual forms of formation, functioning and development of families are undergoing radical changes, so for the younger generation the process of adaptation to unstable circumstances becomes a pressing problem. For students, bachelors, undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and anyone interested in family sociology.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО КОНФЛИКТА

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorshkova ◽  
A. A. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers the contradictions and conflicts that are characteristic of modern Russian society. The processes of social disintegration are analyzed and interpreted as a result of fundamental social and economic transformations. The problems of economic inequality are presented in the historical perspective in close connection with the previous stages of Russia's socioeconomic development. Significant polarization of the population is one of the most significant conflict factors in modern society, which leads to an increase in protest moods and may in the long term threaten social upheavals. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the socio-economic situation does not lead to ideas of the unification and consolidation of society, but find expression in social conflicts. The emergence and development of social conflicts is influenced by a number of factors: economic, ethnic, religious. One of the most important characteristics of society is its social structure. After the collapse of the USSR, the previous social structure was abolished, and a new social reality was formed in Russia. When considering the stratification structure of society, most attention is paid to the middle class, which is considered the backbone of a stable society. The middle class in Russia is in the stage of formation, it is hardly possible to speak of a complete analogy with the middle class of Western society. The share of middle class in society can be estimated in different ways depending on the methodological approaches used by researchers. An important consequence of the transformation of the social structure was the problem of marginalization, since the dismantling of the old social structure and the slow formation of the new one put the social status and place in the division of labor system of many individuals into question. The sharp impoverishment of representatives of prestigious professions led to a reassessment of their situation, especially for the younger generation. When analyzing the origins of social conflicts in modern Russian society, it is necessary to consider the issue of the attitude of the broad masses of the population to power and national elites. It should be noted that power in Russia historically takes shape around specific leaders and does not have an institutional character. The most significant factor shaping the attitude towards the authorities and the elite in general in Russian society are the economic results of the market reforms that have taken place. Only a small part of the population believes that they won as a result of the changes that have taken place, the natural consequence of which is the population's distrust of the authorities and, in general, political institutions.

The Traffic in Hierarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Trans Women

Looking at Buddhist monasteries as social institutions, this book integrates a thorough description of one such monastery with a wide-ranging study of Burmese social relations, both religious and lay, looking particularly at the matter of gender. Hierarchical assumptions inform all such relations, and higher status implies a person’s greater autonomy. A monk is particularly idealized because he exemplifies the Buddhist ideal of “detachment” and so autonomy. A male head of household represents another masculine ideal, if a somewhat less prestigious one. He enjoys greater autonomy than other members of the household yet remains entangled in the world. Women and trans women are thought to be more invested in attachment than autonomy and are expected to subordinate themselves to men and monks as a result. But everyone must concern themselves with the matter of relative status in all of their interactions. This makes face-to-face encounter fraught. Several chapters detail the ways that individuals try to stave off the risks that interaction necessarily entails. One stratagem is to subordinate oneself to nodes of power, but this runs counter to efforts to demonstrate one’s autonomy. Another is to foster detachment, most dramatically in the practice of meditation.

Concept «Legal consciousness of youth»: theoretical and empirical aspects of sociological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
N. M. Baikov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Nizovtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Group Characteristics

The article considers the concept of legal consciousness as a category of sociological analysis. Attention is focused on the understanding of legal consciousness, reflected in the works of domestic and foreign social researchers. The relevance of their works as a methodologically significant basis for sociological analysis of legal consciousness of the modern generation of Russian youth is emphasized. The processes of transformation of the Russian society predetermined the crisis of legal consciousness, the consequence of which was a significant manifestation of cases of an exceptionally negative state of legal consciousness in the youth environment. For the purposes of study, it is determined that the features of youth legal consciousness, updated by the classics of sociology, are largely due not only to the imperfection of legal acts in terms of the scope of its rights and obligations, but also to the crisis of social institutions of socialization of the younger generation, the specifics of its individual and group characteristics of consciousness and behavior.

An Intersectional Approach to the “Mobility Trap” That Ensnares Migrant Youth in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Urban China ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Political Economic

This essay explores the theory of intersectionality in the study of youths’ lives and social inequality in the Global South. It begins with an overview of the concept of intersectionality and its wide applications in social sciences, followed by a proposal for regrounding the concept in the political economic systems in particular contexts (without assuming the universality of capitalist social relations in Northern societies), rather than positional identities. These systems lay material foundations, shaping the multiple forms of deprivation and precarity in which Southern youth are embedded. A case study of rural migrant youths’ ‘mobility trap’ in urban China is used to illustrate how layers of social institutions and structures in the country’s transition to a mixed economy intersect to influence migrant youths’ aspirations and life chances. The essay concludes with ruminations on the theoretical and social implications of the political-economy-grounded intersectionality approach for youth studies.

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