scholarly journals Medicine and society: micro level of social interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
T. V. Semina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Indivisible Object

This article examines the features of the interaction of social institutions of medicine and health care in modern Russian society at the micro level — within the social system “doctor — patient”. Sufficient space is given to a comparative analysis of traditional (paternalistic and collegial) and modern (informational and contractual) models of social relations between doctors and patients. Ne author highlights the factors under which the widespread use of information and contractual models in Russian realities contribute to the transformation of traditionally solidary social relations in the system under consideration into conflict ones. The article, based on the original author’s sociological research, examines the features of the conflict confrontation between doctors and patients, identifies their specific differences from traditional social conflicts. On the one hand, the conflicts that unfold in the social system “doctor — patient” are precisely social conflicts, since the interaction in this system embraces both all representatives of the medical community and practically all members of society, each of which, one way or another, becomes patient. On the other hand, if the prerequisite and then the basis of the usual conflict interaction is the presence of a single indivisible object, then in the case of a social conflict in the “doctor — patient” system, health can hardly be considered “a single and indivisible object”. Health for the subjects of this conflict is indeed an important spiritual value, but much more often the conflict arises over the rights and obligations, as well as the distribution of power among the interacting parties. Enough attention is paid to the analysis of the macro-, meso- and micro- causes of this conflict, as well as to the problem of the influence of the media on the genesis of this type of conflict relationship; tendencies that are especially characteristic in the relationship between the patient audience and the media in recent times are highlighted and revealed.

scholarly journals Social Integration, Consolidation, and Trust in the Risky Societies: Hitch-Hiking Case and it’s Heuristic Possibilities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
State Level ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The article analyzes the phenomenon of trust in risky societies by the example of hitchhiking as a practice of free travel on non-scheduled transport. It is emphasized that trust is the fundamental component of the actualization of the hitchhiking as a sociocultural phenomenon and practice, alternative to other types of spatial mobility. The processes of the emergence and reproduction of interpersonal trust in risk societies are investigated. Attention is paid to the interdependence of personified trust and trust to social institutions. Theoretical approaches to the study of risk and trust, presented in the works of such researchers as U. Beck, A. Giddens, N. Luhmann, P. Bourdieu, are reviewed. The characteristic is given to the car as to the main tool for the implementation of hitchhiking practices. In the modern world, it has both practical and symbolic functions: spatial movement and maintaining of the social status of the individual. The historical experience of developing hitchhiking at the state level and the attempts of its institutionalization are analyzed. An example of two countries (USSR, FRG) strategies shows that such experience was quite successful. Attention is focused on hitchhiking coverage in the media, which forming a negative discourse about this phenomenon. The role of hitchhiking in the formation of interpersonal trust is considered. It is demonstrated that hitchhiking helps to build a positive image of the “other”, and also creates a situation in which trust becomes a core component of social relations. Without this component such relations are impossible. The conclusion is made that the process of institutionalization of the hitchhiking as a well-established sociocultural practice can contribute to the social consolidation of modern Ukrainian society.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ РОССИЙСКОЕ ОБЩЕСТВО КАК ПРОСТРАНСТВО КОНФЛИКТА

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorshkova ◽  
A. A. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Russian

The article considers the contradictions and conflicts that are characteristic of modern Russian society. The processes of social disintegration are analyzed and interpreted as a result of fundamental social and economic transformations. The problems of economic inequality are presented in the historical perspective in close connection with the previous stages of Russia's socioeconomic development. Significant polarization of the population is one of the most significant conflict factors in modern society, which leads to an increase in protest moods and may in the long term threaten social upheavals. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the socio-economic situation does not lead to ideas of the unification and consolidation of society, but find expression in social conflicts. The emergence and development of social conflicts is influenced by a number of factors: economic, ethnic, religious. One of the most important characteristics of society is its social structure. After the collapse of the USSR, the previous social structure was abolished, and a new social reality was formed in Russia. When considering the stratification structure of society, most attention is paid to the middle class, which is considered the backbone of a stable society. The middle class in Russia is in the stage of formation, it is hardly possible to speak of a complete analogy with the middle class of Western society. The share of middle class in society can be estimated in different ways depending on the methodological approaches used by researchers. An important consequence of the transformation of the social structure was the problem of marginalization, since the dismantling of the old social structure and the slow formation of the new one put the social status and place in the division of labor system of many individuals into question. The sharp impoverishment of representatives of prestigious professions led to a reassessment of their situation, especially for the younger generation. When analyzing the origins of social conflicts in modern Russian society, it is necessary to consider the issue of the attitude of the broad masses of the population to power and national elites. It should be noted that power in Russia historically takes shape around specific leaders and does not have an institutional character. The most significant factor shaping the attitude towards the authorities and the elite in general in Russian society are the economic results of the market reforms that have taken place. Only a small part of the population believes that they won as a result of the changes that have taken place, the natural consequence of which is the population's distrust of the authorities and, in general, political institutions.

scholarly journals Trade Unions in the Comfort Zone: Liberal Authority in Yeltsin’s Russia.

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Jo Baker
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
New Era ◽  
Economic Relations

While much has been written on the failure of the Yeltsin presidency and the transformation of Russian society since 1991, little work has been done that illustrates the participation of established liberal democracies in supporting Yeltsin’s authoritarian, politically unresponsive ‘superpresidentialism,’ or linking this support to the authoritarian nature of the modern liberal democratic project itself. By examining Russian trade union culture and history, as well as international trade union representative involvement, this paper argues that the persistent neglect of unions in the 1990s to challenge social relations of production can be understood as paradigmatic of an authoritarian dynamic focused on the political elite rather than on their membership. With international support, the regime’s concern was with the dismantling of Soviet economic relations and social institutions. Working from the culture and history of Russian trade unions, the unions’ efforts to retain a place in the new era through a strategy of ‘social partnership,’ combined with the collapse of the social welfare system, reinforced a top-down inertia characteristic of the unions. The result, predictably, was an era marked by a politics of irresponsibility, a political ethic is not indicative of an inherent Russian authoritarianism, but that of the authoritarian nature of the liberal modernity itself.

scholarly journals Pension investment and pension capital as the objects of institutional analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Olga Ivanovna Vlasova ◽  
Tatyana Alekseevna Zaglodina ◽  
Nataliya Borisovna Kostina ◽  
Irina Vitalevna Chebykina
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Social Entities

This article examines the formation of institutional characteristics of pension investment of the Russian society. The goal lies in substantiation of feasibility of application of the institutional approach to relatively new elements of the Russian pension system – pension investment and formation of pension capital. The author observes the current social inquiry for the development of institutional practices of pension investment. The process of establishment of the institution of pension investment entail the manifestation of such aspects as: sources of the formation of institutions, sustainability, absence of violent fluctuations, share of the institutional norms by all its members, etc. Using the method of standardized mass survey within the framework of quantitative paradigm, the author carried out the applied sociological research, which involved the working-age population. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt of institutional determination of the new social institutions: pension investment and pension capital; classification of the “pension issue” into a separate field of sociological knowledge. The acquired results indicate the emergence of social groups that are ready for sustainable pension investment practices, as well as certain population groups that demonstrate nihilism in this regard. It is stated that the declared institutional approach is relevant to sphere of pension investment; however, the formation of sustainable social entities requires the legitimate conditions for including more extensive groups into the processes of formation of pension capital. The presented materials can be valuable for the dealing with similar social issues, used in lectures on the topic, as well as by government representatives of all levels.

The Social Relations of Anywhere Working

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Berrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Work Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Traditional Work

The idea of anywhere working provides opportunities to utilize non-traditional work spaces and new employment relationships. However, the new employment relationships ensuing from the work practice have implications for both employees and employers. While thinking about the nature of anywhere working tends to focus on macro-level issues and micro-level practices, the social relations of anywhere working is a peripheral concern. This chapter reviews some of the images and meanings attached to work through the ages. Subsequently, the dominant ideas in the anywhere working literature emerge as employee centric, employer centric and technology centric themes. The notion of a sociological paradigm frames the discussion and analysis of anywhere working in its broadest context. Given its rapid spread, anywhere working may be represented as a watershed in employment relations and work practices. In this light, new ways of thinking about the social relations and the nature of work itself are required.

Social and Economic Factors of Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ershov ◽  
Natalia Muhina ◽  
Igor Asmarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The People ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material State

Russian statehood has more than a thousand-year history and traditions. It is obvious that the social, economic, and political development of the country had its direct or indirect influence on the Russian state and statehood itself. Therefore, in this chapter we separately single out the social factors of the development of Russian statehood and the economic factors of the development of Russian statehood, which stand apart from each other. Social factors in the development of Russian statehood are factors in the development of society as a single and complex organism and its social institutions. Social factors are, in essence, domestic political, because they represent the political and spiritual state of the elite and the people, the established system of social relations, internal social contradictions, and social conflicts. The economic factors of the development of Russian statehood are divided into external and internal ones. External economic factors are the proximity or remoteness from the trade routes, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the country's exports and imports. Internal economic factors are the achieved material state of society, the availability of natural resources and their involvement in the economy, the availability of transport and production infrastructure and its development, and economic crises.

National Culture and the Social Relations of Anywhere Working

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-59
Author(s):  
Mike Berrell
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Traditional Work

Western ideas about work have developed as macro and micro level changes continue to shape the social relations of work. As anywhere working developed as an alternative to traditional work arrangements in the 1990s, a system of checks and balances ensured the work practice delivered customer service and product quality. Western low-context work cultures situated the work practice as a logical development in the chronology of the social relations of work. With its tipping-point in the West reached, anywhere working received less attention in high-context work cultures. Specifically, this chapter investigates how the concept of “national culture” impacts thinking about anywhere working. In the high-context work cultures of East and South East Asia, employers, employees, and the stakeholders of organizations and governments have divergent views about the legitimacy of this work practice. The chapter discusses the influence of national culture on thinking about anywhere working in high-context work cultures, drawing on current data concerning anywhere working in selected Asian economies.

Reflections on the social epidemiologic dimension of health technology assessment

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arminée Kazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
The Social

Certain key parameters such as safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness have long been established as key in HTA analysis. Equally important, however, are sociolegal and epidemiologic perspectives. A comprehensive analytic framework will consider the implications of using a technology in the context of societal norms, cultural values, and social institutions and relations. The methodology in which this expanded framework has been developed is termed ‘Strategic HTA’ to denote its power for the decision-making process. In addition to systematic reviews of published evidence, it incorporates analyses of the influence of dominant social relations on technological development and diffusion. This essay discusses the social epidemiologic aspects of health technology assessment, which includes factors such as sex and gender. It seeks to show how it is possible to bring data from wide-ranging disciplinary perspectives within the parameters of a single scientific inquiry; to draw from them scientifically defensible conclusions; and thereby to realize a deeper understanding of technology impact within a health care system. Armed with such an understanding, policy officials will be better prepared to resolve the competitive clamor of stakeholder voices, and to make the most “equitable” use of the available resources.

Was There a “Simple Soviet” Person? Debating the Politics and Sociology of “Homo Sovieticus”

Slavic Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (01) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Sharafutdinova
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Soviet Scholar ◽  
The Media ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Frequent Reference ◽  
Homo Sovieticus

Intellectual efforts to understand post-Crimean Russian society have brought to prominence explanations that emphasize psychological and attitudinal legacies of Soviet society. The recent revival of the term homo sovieticus (or Soviet man) in the media and intellectual discourse is a good illustration of this trend. Yurii Levada's late-Soviet sociological research project on the “simple Soviet man” serves as a frequent reference point in these discussions. In this article, I explore the ideological and analytical foundations of the Levada project and juxtapose the sociological construct developed by Levada and his team with the interpretative approach developed by Natalya Kozlova, another Soviet scholar who dedicated her life to studying Soviet society. I argue that essentialist and deterministic views of individual personality underpinning the Levada project that guide the current use of the Soviet man category are more politically and ideologically driven rather than being based on the state of the art in social psychology.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

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