METABOLIC REGULATION OF FUNGAL REPRODUCTION AND THEIR SECONDARY METABOLITES

ABSTRACTFilamentous fungi possess great potential as sources of medicinal bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, but efficient production is hampered by a limited understanding of how their metabolism is regulated. We investigated the metabolism of six secondary metabolite-producing fungi of thePenicilliumgenus during nutrient depletion in the stationary phase of batch fermentations and assessed conserved metabolic responses across species using genome-wide transcriptional profiling. A coexpression analysis revealed that expression of biosynthetic genes correlates with expression of genes associated with pathways responsible for the generation of precursor metabolites for secondary metabolism. Our results highlight the main metabolic routes for the supply of precursors for secondary metabolism and suggest that the regulation of fungal metabolism is tailored to meet the demands for secondary metabolite production. These findings can aid in identifying fungal species that are optimized for the production of specific secondary metabolites and in designing metabolic engineering strategies to develop high-yielding fungal cell factories for production of secondary metabolites.IMPORTANCESecondary metabolites are a major source of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. However, the development of efficient processes of production of secondary metabolites has proved troublesome due to a limited understanding of the metabolic regulations governing secondary metabolism. By analyzing the conservation in gene expression across secondary metabolite-producing fungal species, we identified a metabolic signature that links primary and secondary metabolism and that demonstrates that fungal metabolism is tailored for the efficient production of secondary metabolites. The insight that we provide can be used to develop high-yielding fungal cell factories that are optimized for the production of specific secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical interest.

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Rice Secondary Metabolites: Structures, Roles, Biosynthesis, and Metabolic Regulation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3098 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Weixuan Wang ◽

Yuying Li ◽

Pengqin Dang ◽

Siji Zhao ◽

Daowan Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Biological Activities ◽

World Population ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Important Food ◽

The Past ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Insect Activity

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop providing energy and nutrients for more than half of the world population. It produces vast amounts of secondary metabolites. At least 276 secondary metabolites from rice have been identified in the past 50 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and their derivatives. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as regulatory effects on rice growth and development, disease-resistance promotion, anti-insect activity, and allelopathic effects, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological functions and activities, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of rice secondary metabolites. Some considerations about cheminformatics, metabolomics, genetic transformation, production, and applications related to the secondary metabolites from rice are also discussed.

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Metabolomics and Molecular Approaches Reveal Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22179108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (17) ◽

pp. 9108

Author(s):

Manoj Kumar ◽

Manish Kumar Patel ◽

Navin Kumar ◽

Atal Bihari Bajpai ◽

Kadambot H. M. Siddique

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Metabolic Regulation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Drought Stress Tolerance ◽

Metabolic Genes

Metabolic regulation is the key mechanism implicated in plants maintaining cell osmotic potential under drought stress. Understanding drought stress tolerance in plants will have a significant impact on food security in the face of increasingly harsh climatic conditions. Plant primary and secondary metabolites and metabolic genes are key factors in drought tolerance through their involvement in diverse metabolic pathways. Physio-biochemical and molecular strategies involved in plant tolerance mechanisms could be exploited to increase plant survival under drought stress. This review summarizes the most updated findings on primary and secondary metabolites involved in drought stress. We also examine the application of useful metabolic genes and their molecular responses to drought tolerance in plants and discuss possible strategies to help plants to counteract unfavorable drought periods.

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Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01638a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 8547-8559

Author(s):

Hongjing Zhao ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Mengyao Mu ◽

Menghao Guo ◽

Hongxian Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Human Health ◽

Grass Carp ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

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