Comparison between immunoassay technique and a manual laboratory method for the measurement of sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity for different types of diabetes in Nineveh governorate.

Introduction: The application of disinfectant agents is a common way to fight against micro-organisms. Although there are different types of disinfectant agents to fight COVID-19, many of them do not have the required quality and efficiency. The present work was aimed to evaluate the quality of the available disinfectant agents using gram-negative E. coli bacteria. Materials and Methods: In the laboratory phase of the research, the gram-negative E. coli bacteria were used to evaluate the quality of disinfectants. According to the proposed laboratory method, microbial kit was prepared and used to evaluate the performance of disinfectants. Results: Based on the obtained results, 1.0 mL of microbial suspension in the test tube, as microbial kit, is used for quality assessment of the disinfectants. Also, based on the results and considering the optimum conditions, in case of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is evaluated as unfavorable, and in the absence of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is considered appropriate in terms of its effect on gram-negative bacteria and weaker microorganisms. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, E. coli can be used as a reliable indicator for assessing the quality of the disinfectant agents used against COVID 19.

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Prioritizing Different Types of Barriers to Knowledge Sharing: A Cause-and-Effect Analysis of the Views of Academics in Turkey

Yuksekogretim Dergisi ◽

10.2399/yod.21.805205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 578-596

Author(s):

Esra Baran Kasapoğlu ◽

Berk Küçükaltan ◽

Abdullah Açık ◽

İlke Sezin Ayaz ◽

Ömür Yaşar Saatçioğlu

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Corporate Culture ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Causal Relation ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Second Phase ◽

Corporate Structure ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Academic Knowledge ◽

Different Types

This study aims to identify different types of barriers to knowledge sharing among academics in Turkey and to investigate the relationships between the barriers and their degree of impact. Accordingly, it implements qualitative and quantitative approaches in two phases. In the first phase, the knowledge sharing barriers are identified through the literature review and categorized under organizational, individual, and technological dimensions via expert opinions so as to determine current barriers for the Turkish academics. In the second phase, the identified barriers and their interactions are more deeply investigated by using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Method (DEMATEL) methods. The findings of the study reveal that organizational and individual knowledge sharing barriers have a stronger effect than technological barriers. According to ISM and DEMATEL findings, “corporate structure”, “power relations"”, and “supportive corporate culture” are the driving forces for the knowledge sharing among the academics in Turkey. This study provides a hierarchical and causal relation model that may enable both performing the actions needed to promote academic knowledge sharing and advancing university performances. The findings offer useful insights on what the key barriers are and how these interrelate, so that they can be overcome. Thus, the findings hold significant potential to contribute both to the academic field and to the policymakers who are in charge of taking regulatory actions.

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In-vitro glistening formation in six different foldable hydrophobic intraocular lenses

BMC Ophthalmology ◽

10.1186/s12886-021-01879-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tamer Tandogan ◽

Gerd U. Auffarth ◽

Hyeck-Soo Son ◽

Patrick Merz ◽

Chul Young Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Quality Of Vision ◽

Different Types ◽

The Mean ◽

Hydrophobic Acrylic

Abstract Background Glistenings describe small, refractile microvacuoles that may arise within the intraocular lens (IOL) material and reduce the patients’ quality of vision. Lenses composed of hydrophobic acrylic material are particularly affected by glistening formation. In this study, we compared the tendency of glistening formation in six different types of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods We used a well-established accelerated laboratory method to develop glistenings in the following IOLs: Vivinex XY1 (Hoya), AcrySof SN60WF (Alcon), Tecnis ZCB00 (AMO), Avansee PN6A (Kowa), Aktis SP NS-60YG (Nidek), and CT Lucia 601P (Zeiss). IOLs were first immersed in saline at 45 °C for 24 h and then at 37 °C for 2.5 h in a water bath. Microvacuole (MV) density and size (Miyata grading) were documented and calculated using an image analysis program. Results The mean glistening density [MV/mm2] and mean Miyata grading (in brackets) were: Vivinex: 11.6 ± 5.7 (0), SN60WF: 264.4 ± 110.3 (2.6), Tecnis: 6.0 ± 2.8 (0), Avansee: 2.2 ± 0.7 (0), Aktis: 851.4 ± 59.4 (3+) and CT Lucia: 71.0 ± 71.6 (1). Conclusions While all tested IOLs showed glistenings with the accelerated laboratory method, the Aktis and SN60WF showed the highest microvacuole density, followed by the CT Lucia. In comparison, the Vivinex, Tecnis, and Avansee IOLs showed far fewer number of glistenings.

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Comparative analysis of in vitro accelerated glistening formation in foldable hydrophobic intraocular lenses

International Ophthalmology ◽

10.1007/s10792-021-01870-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tamer Tandogan ◽

Gerd U. Auffarth ◽

Chul Young Choi ◽

Hyeck-Soo Son ◽

Ramin Khoramnia

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

High Density ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Different Types ◽

Hydrophobic Acrylic

Abstract Purpose To analyse and compare the propensity to form glistenings in 4 different types of hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs): Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC, HOYA iSert® PC-60AD, Bausch&Lomb enVista, and Kowa Avansee™ PU6A. Methods We used an accelerated laboratory method to create glistenings. IOLs were first immersed in saline at 45 °C for 24 h and then at 37 °C for 2.5 h. Microvacuole (MV) density and size were documented and calculated using an image analysis program. Results Median density of glistenings [MV/mm2] for Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC was 623 (range 507–804), for HOYA iSert® PC-60AD 1358 (range 684–2699), for Bausch&Lomb enVista 2 (range 1–2), and for Kowa Avansee™ PU6A 1 (range 1–4). The prevailing MV size was: 0–5 µm for Hoya IOLs, 5–10 µm for Alcon IOLs, 20–50 µm for Bausch&Lomb IOLs, and 5–50 µm for Kowa IOLs. Conclusions Glistenings could be induced in all studied IOLs using the accelerated laboratory method. The Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC and HOYA iSert® PC-60AD IOLs showed MV of high density, while the glistenings in the Hoya IOLs were smaller in size compared to the Alcon IOLs. The MV density was minimal in the Bausch&Lomb enVista and Kowa Avansee™ PU6A IOLs. The propensity of the Alcon AcrySof ® MA60AC IOLs to form glistenings in vitro correlated with the findings of clinical results that are already published.

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SERS-Based Immunoassays for the Detection of Botulinum Toxins A and B Using Magnetic Beads

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19194081 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (19) ◽

pp. 4081 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kihyun Kim ◽

Namhyun Choi ◽

Jun Ho Jeon ◽

Gi-eun Rhie ◽

Jaebum Choo

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Beads ◽

Nile Blue ◽

Sensitive Detection ◽

Immunoassay Technique ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Different Types ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽

Assay Time ◽

Enhanced Raman Scattering

Rapid and sensitive detection of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is important for immediate treatment with proper antitoxins. However, it is difficult to detect BoNTs at the acute phase of infection, owing to its rarity and ambiguous symptoms. To resolve this problem, we developed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based immunoassay technique for the rapid and sensitive detection of BoNTs. Magnetic beads and SERS nanotags as capture substrates and detection probes, respectively, and Nile Blue A (NBA) and malachite green isothiocyanate (MGITC) as Raman reporter molecules were used for the detection of two different types of BoNTs (types A and B), respectively. The corresponding limits of detection (LODs) were determined as 5.7 ng/mL (type A) and 1.3 ng/mL (type B). Total assay time, including that for immunoreaction, washing, and detection, was less than 2 h.

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The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1017/s0021900200116031 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 23 (04) ◽

pp. 851-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. J. Brockwell

Keyword(s):

Laplace Transform ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Sufficient Conditions ◽

Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽

Death Process ◽

Extinction Time ◽

Birth And Death Process ◽

Different Types ◽

The Laplace Transform ◽

Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

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Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Rajen A. Anderson ◽

Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽

David A. Pizarro

Keyword(s):

Moral Character ◽

Moral Obligations ◽

Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

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Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050950 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 188-189

Author(s):

P.L. Moore

Keyword(s):

Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Amoeboid Movement ◽

Different Types ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053310 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 118-119

Author(s):

U. Aebi ◽

P. Rew ◽

T.-T. Sun

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Structural Organization ◽

Cell Types ◽

Structural Features ◽

Molecular Architecture ◽

The Past ◽

Keratin Filaments ◽

Different Types ◽

10 Nm Filaments ◽

Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

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A New Defect in Polyethylene Single Crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100070795 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 70-71

Author(s):

E. L. Thomas ◽

S. L. Sass

Keyword(s):

Single Crystals ◽

Screw Dislocation ◽

Small Distance ◽

Dipole Model ◽

Dislocation Dipole ◽

Chain Folding ◽

Black And White ◽

Polymer Crystal ◽

Different Types

In polyethylene single crystals pairs of black and white lines spaced 700-3,000Å apart, parallel to the [100] and [010] directions, have been identified as microsector boundaries. A microsector is formed when the plane of chain folding changes over a small distance within a polymer crystal. In order for the different types of folds to accommodate at the boundary between the 2 fold domains, a staggering along the chain direction and a rotation of the chains in the plane of the boundary occurs. The black-white contrast from a microsector boundary can be explained in terms of these chain rotations. We demonstrate that microsectors can terminate within the crystal and interpret the observed terminal strain contrast in terms of a screw dislocation dipole model.

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