PREDICTION THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF PRICKLY PEAR PEELS AS A NATURAL UNCONVENTIONAL FEED RESOURCE FOR FEEDING RUMINANTS FROM CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY USING DAISY II INCUBATOR

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

Download Full-text

Calorimetry, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane treated with calcium hydroxide

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17287 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 406

Author(s):

Alexandre M. Dias ◽

Luís C. V. Ítavo ◽

Júlio C. Damasceno ◽

Camila C. B. F. Ítavo ◽

Geraldo T. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Low Cost ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Cellulose Structure ◽

High Dry Matter

Sugarcane is a source of roughage in animal feeding. It presents high production per unit of cultivated area, relatively easy cultivation and low cost of production per hectare, and better quality and a high dry matter (DM) yield in periods when forage is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in sugarcane forage on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility values of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), and kinetics of thermal decomposition processes of weight loss and heat flow. Sugarcane was collected close to the ground and 50-kg heaps of the fresh material were formed and mixed with four doses of Ca(OH)2 (0, 8, 16 and 24 g kg–1 sugarcane). Concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased linearly with increasing amount of Ca(OH)2, whereas concentration of hemicellulose increased linearly. In vitro digestibilities of DM, NDF and ADF were enhanced in a quadratic manner with increasing amounts of Ca(OH)2. The release of heat, measured by ΔH, increased linearly with increased Ca(OH)2 levels, likely due to enhanced digestibility of the fibre components. Weight loss decreased linearly between 272.2°C and 397.7°C with increased amounts of Ca(OH)2 added to sugarcane, likely due to changes in cellulose structure, which became denser and thermodynamically more stable than native cellulose following the alkaline treatment. Calcium hydroxide changed chemical composition and digestibility of the fibrous fraction of sugarcane, resulting in better nutritional value. The greatest release of heat and highest in vitro digestibility of fibre were observed when adding 15.2 g Ca(OH)2 kg–1 sugarcane; therefore, this dose is recommended to enhance the nutritive value of sugarcane as ruminant feed.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of nine plant species from Semnan rangeland for camel in Iran

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200021360 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 233-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Armin Towhidi ◽

Farnoush Rostami ◽

Reza Masoumi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Poor Quality ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Arid Rangelands

In Iran, Javan (2001) has reported the digestibility some arid rangelands plants by bovine rumen liquor. The determination of in vivo digestibility of wheat straw implies that camel apparently digested poor quality roughages more than cattle and sheep (Cianci et al., 2004). Therefore, It is required to measure the in vitro digestibility of herbages by camel rumen liquor. In province of yazd, nutritive value of 11 different plant species for camel were determined (Towhidi, 2007). The objectives of the current study were to determine 1) the chemical composition, gross energy of the most consuming plant species from rangeland of Semnan province including Seidlitzia rosmarinu, Tamarix tetragyna, Tamarix strica, Halostachys spp, Saudea fruticosa., Alhagi camelorum, Haloxylon ammondendron., Salsola arbescola, Hammada salicornica and, 2) in vitro digestibility of the plants by camel rumen liquor.

Download Full-text

Anatomical and nutritional characteristics of Megathyrsus maximus genotypes under a silvopastoral system

Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales ◽

10.17138/tgft(9)159-170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 159-170

Author(s):

Mariana Pereira ◽

Roberto Giolo De Almeida ◽

Manuel Claudio Motta Macedo ◽

Valéria Ana Corvalã Dos Santos ◽

Erick Lemes Gamarra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Silvopastoral System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vascular Tissues ◽

Sampling Points

Our objective was to measure chemical composition and anatomy of 5 Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum) genotypes, when grown in combination with eucalypts in a silvopastoral system. Cultivars Massai, Mombaça, BRS Tamani, Tanzânia and intraspecific hybrid accession PM44 were evaluated in full sun and a silvopastoral system at 5 different distances from eucalyptus tree rows. The experimental design was a randomized block in split plot with 2 replications. Plots corresponded with genotypes and subplots with sampling points within the system. Total forage and leaf biomass as well as nutritive value und tissue proportions were evaluated. Our results showed a decrease in biomass as radiation incidence decreased. Forage biomass was greatest in BRS Tamani and Mombaça and lowest in PM44. There was a significant interaction between sampling points and genotype for nutritive value variables, such as crude protein, in vitro digestibility of organic matter, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin-S, while tissue proportions were not affected by the interaction between sampling points and genotypes. Genotype had more pronounced effects on chemical composition and anatomical characteristics than did sampling points. The leaves of Mombaça were the longest and had greatest total cross-sectional area, and this genotype showed greater proportions of sclerenchyma and vascular tissues than other cultivars and the lowest proportion of mesophyll. The greatest proportion of parenchyma bundle sheaths was also found in Mombaça leaves. Genotypes PM44 and Tanzânia had the lowest proportions of sclerenchyma, and PM44 and BRS Tamani had the lowest proportions of vascular tissues. On the other hand, PM44 and Tanzânia had the greatest proportions of mesophyll. BRS Tamani was comparable with the most used cultivars, Mombaça and Tanzânia, and had forage quality slightly superior to that of Mombaça. Tropical grasses growing under shade can potentially produce less forage but with better nutritive value, in terms of chemical composition and tissue proportions, than grasses grown under full sun. However, as the degree of shading in silvopastoral systems does not occur uniformly across the whole area, the improved nutritive value would not be uniform and may not be very prominent overall.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.60068 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Shaimaa Selim ◽

Seija Jaakkola ◽

Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Maturity Stages ◽

Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

Download Full-text

Determination of in vitro rumen digestibility and potential feed value of tiger nut varieties

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i5.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

Author(s):

T. Ayaşan ◽

E. Sucu ◽

I. Ülger ◽

H. Hızlı ◽

P. Cubukcu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Energy Content ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Time Dependent ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.), or chufa, is a plant that is found in nature and is cultivated for its edible tubers. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, nutritive value, and in vitro digestibility of three tiger nut varieties using the in vitro gas production technique. These varieties were Sarışeker (yellow), Introduction 1, and Balyumru (brown). Rumen fluid was obtained from two cannulated Holstein animals. Time-dependent in vitro gas production was monitored at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. The varieties differed in dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) content (P <0.05). They also differed in the instantaneous volume of gas produced and in time-dependent gas production. Balyumru produced more gas at the onset of incubation than Introduction 1 and Sarışeker. However, over time, the gas produced by digestion of Introduction 1 exceeded the other two varieties. The amounts of gas produced at each time-point were intercorrelated. It is recommended that these results should lead to further evaluation in in vivo studies. Keywords: chemical composition, energy content, in vitro gas production

Download Full-text

Effect of fungal treatment on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of wheat straw

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200013259 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 ◽

pp. 166-166

Author(s):

H. Fazaeli ◽

A. Azizi ◽

Z. A. M. Jelan ◽

S. A. Mirhadi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

White Rot ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

In Sacco Degradability ◽

In Sacco

Fungal treatment has been recently considered as a promising method for improving the nutritive value of straw (Zadrazil et al., 1997). Several studies have been conducted to identify species of white-rot fungi for assessing their ability to improve the nutritive value of straw (Yamakamwa et al., 1992). Since there are many species of fungi in nature, there is an interest in characterising of some species. The objectives of this experiment were to study the effect of five Pleurotus fungi on the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of wheat straw and evaluate their effect in upgrading the nutritive value of lignicellulosic materials.

Download Full-text

Preservation of wet rice straw using urea and molasses in monsoon of Bangladesh

Journal of Fisheries, Livestock and Veterinary Science ◽

10.18801/jflvs.010220.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

R. Sultana ◽

D. K. Jamee ◽

S. Islam ◽

S. M. A. Islam ◽

M. R. Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Physical Quality

An experiment of treated and ensiled wet rice straw with urea and molasses was performed to explore the chemical composition, physical quality, in vitro digestibility and its potentiality as a quality feed for ruminants. In this experiment, plastic containers were used to preserve chopped wet rice straw under airtight condition based on the treatment as T1 (wet rice straw only), T2 (straw with 5% molasses), T3 (straw with 5% urea), T4 (straw with 5% urea and 5% molasses) and T5 (straw with 10% urea and 5% molasses) to analyze chemical composition, physical quality, metabolizable energy (ME) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro gas production (IVGP) at five different ensiling times of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, softness characteristics) of wet rice straw was improved with urea and molasses treatment. Treatments T5 was found better as there was no fungal growth till 90 days of ensiling. The addition of urea and molasses improved the physical quality, nutritive value and preservation quality of wet rice straw. Urea and molasses treated and ensiled (T5) straw showed better color, nutritional quality, softness and longer preservation capacity compared with all treatments followed by T4, T2 and T3. The crude protein (CP) content was increased (P<0.05) but the crude fibre (CF), dry matter (DM), ash contents and ether extract (EE) were decreased (P<0.05) in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The OMD, IVGP and ME contents were increased in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The highest OMD, IVGP and ME values were observed in treatment T5 and the lowest values were in control (T1) Through the Consideration of all the chemical and physical properties, among all of the treatments, 10% urea and 5% molasses are found acceptable for the preservation of rice straw. Thus, environment friendly and cost effective feed can be formulated.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production characteristics of six ficus species based diets with Panicum maximum in the dry season

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v36i1.1187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 143-152

Author(s):

T. O. Abegunde ◽

O. J. Babayemi ◽

A. O. Akinsoyinu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Dry Season ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Production Characteristics

The nutritive value of Ficus exasperata, F. polita, f. vogelli, F. ahutilifolia, F. thonningii, und F. mucoso in mixtures with 30% Punicum maximum were investigated in terms of their chemical composition, saponins, phenols, in vitro gus production (IVGP), metabolizuble energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD%) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in E thoningii. Saponin was detected in F politu, while Phenol was detected in all Ficus species except F. poliiu und F. thonningii. WVGP, ME, OMD and SCFA obtained for all Ficus species were significantly (P<0.05) higher than values obtained for F. mucoso. Least value for soluble 'a' fraction of the samples was recorded for A mucoso (5.76), similar to values obtained for E thonningii (7.17), F. abutilifoliu (7.92) and F exasperula (7.92). Potential gas production 'b'values differed significantly (p<0.05) among E exasperata (50.50), I vogelli (43.92) and f mucoso (37.25), but was similar among E polita (46.17), E. thonningii (44.83) and F. abutilifolia (44.50). Potentially degradable a+b' fructions for all ficus species except F. mucuso were similar und significantly (P<0.05) higher than F mucoso. Rate of fermentation 'c' differed significantly (P<0.05) henveen F exasperata (0.06) and E mucoso (0.04). Data from this study showed that ull Ficus species except Ficus mucoso had potential to be used as forage supplements in the dry season.

Download Full-text

Effect of harvesting frequency and maturity stage of Jerusalem artichoke forage on yield, chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of the tubers and forage

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2020182-15379 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. e0602

Author(s):

Somayeh Farzinmehr ◽

Javad Rezaei ◽

Hassan Fazaeli

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Jerusalem Artichoke ◽

Growing Season ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Maturity Stage

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of maturity stage and harvesting frequency of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) forage on the nutritional quality of the tubers and forages.Area of study: The plant cultivation and laboratory experiments were carried out in Karaj (Alborz, Iran) and Tehran (Tehran, Iran), respectively.Material and methods: Forages were harvested every 60, 90 and 120 days during the growing season (four, three and two harvests per year, respectively). Tubers were harvested just once, at the end of the growing season, from plots with four, three and two forage cuts per year. Biomass production, chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of the forages and tubers were assessed.Main results: Compared to 90 and 120 days, the forages harvested every 60 days contained the highest (p<0.05) yearly dry matter (DM) biomass (27.16 t/ha), crude protein (98.6 to 145 g/kg DM), organic matter digestibility (0.607 to 0.691) and microbial biomass production (350 to 369 g/kg DM). Compared to 60 and 90 days, harvesting JA forage every 120 days caused the tubers with the higher (p<0.05) water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), in vitro digestibility and DM yield (7.63 t/ha). Jerusalem artichoke forages and tubers contained the low phenolics (4.93 to 13.2 g/kg DM) and nitrate (1.12 to 3.19 g/kg DM). Overall, the best harvesting interval of JA forage to achieve tubers with the highest yearly yield, WSC and digestibility was every 120 days, while the highest nutritive value and yield of the forages were observed with harvesting JA every 60 days.Research highlights: The best harvesting interval of JA forage to obtain the highest yearly DM, protein and energy biomass from both tubers and forage was every 60 days.

Download Full-text