scholarly journals Quasi-synonymy of Danish causal conjunctions from the speaker’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Dina Nikulicheva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Objective Fact ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Different Sources

The article explores a fragment of the grammatical system of the Danish language, which represents a regular formal variation of auxiliary language markers — causal conjunctions fordi, for, eftersom, thi. The functional and pragmatic description of each of them is proposed based on the anthropocentric approach. This approach is aimed at studying the linguistic expression of the speaker’s orientation in denotative reality and communication. In terms of expressing causation, this presupposes differentiation of ways to substantiate the speaker’s assertion, depending on different sources of causation: the speaker’s own inference (for); appeal to knowledge, common to all participants in communication (thi); justifying one objective fact with another (fordi), justifying the speaker’s own inference with an objective fact (eftersom). The etymology of conjunctions, as well as the temporal correlation of the predicates in causal and main clauses, allows us to determine the reasons for the speaker to organize the mental space of causation in different ways. In addition, the use of the conceptual blending concept allows us to explain why one conjunction is replaced by another in oral speech.

scholarly journals Conceptual integration theory and British humour: an analysis of the sitcom Miranda

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jabłońska-Hood
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Meaning Construction ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Emergent Structure ◽  
Conceptual Integration Theory ◽  
Different Levels

Conceptual integration theory (henceforth CIT), aka conceptual blending, was devised by Fauconnier and Turner (2002) as a model for meaning construction and interpretation. It is based on the notion of a mental space, which originated in Fauconnier's early research (1998). Mental spaces are structures that constitute information pertaining to a particular concept (Fauconnier and Turner 2002: 40). Interestingly, mental spaces can be linked together and blended so as to produce a novel quality not previously present. In this manner, conceptual integration serves the purpose of a theoretical model which throws light on creativity in language use. In my paper, I will apply CIT to British humour in order to use its multiway blending together with its dynamic, online running of the blended contents for the purpose of comedy elucidation. It is crucial to observe that British humour is a complex phenomenon which pertains to many different levels of interpretation, i.e. a linguistic, cultural or a discourse one. CIT possesses a well suited cognitive apparatus which can encompass the complexity of British humour with all its layers. The primary goal of the article is to analyse a selected scene from a sitcom entitled Miranda in order to show the validity of the theory in respect of humour studies. In particular, I will undertake to demonstrate that CIT, with a special emphasis on its principles such as compression and the emergent structure of the blend can deal with many processes that accumulate within British humour and result in laughter. Simultaneously, I will try to demonstrate that frame-shifting, as proposed by Coulson (2015: pp. 167-190), can be of help to CIT in humour explanation.

Computational Creativity

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania A. Hodhod ◽  
Brian S. Magerko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Computational Creativity ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Partial Matching ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cognitive Scripts ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Emergent Structure

Conceptual blending (CB) is a basic mental operation that plays a fundamental role in the construction of meaning in our everyday life. The core of CB is the partial matching of two input mental spaces and the selective projection from those inputs into a novel 'blended' mental space, which then dynamically develops an emergent structure. Improvisational acting is one specialized domain in which conceptual blending is heavily used; improvisers are required to co-create stories on the stage in real time based on how they continuously perceive their environment. The Digital Improv Project has been engaged in a multi-year study of the cognitive processes involved in improvisational acting and has led to a better understanding of human cognition and creativity. In this article, the authors provide a computational model for the conceptual blending of cognitive scripts that can help digital improv agents to select the two input spaces required in the blending process. The blend is an emergent structure that provides new interesting events that the digital improv agents can adopt in their acting.

Geochemical evidence of different sources of long-period seismic events at Deception volcano, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Enrique Carmona ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Gladys Melián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractThis is the first detailed analysis of a CO2 diffuse degassing time series from Deception volcano, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, performed during an episode of anomalously high long-period (LP) seismicity. Diffuse CO2 emissions measured by an automatic geochemical station between 7 December 2009 and 13 February 2010 showed an excellent temporal agreement with the LP seismicity in December 2009. The absence of such a temporal correlation with the second burst of seismicity that occurred in late January 2010 suggests a different source for this LP activity. This was confirmed by analysis of seismic array data. The LP seismicity observed during December 2009 was caused by fluid-driven cracks that originated from pressure fluctuations in the volcano-hydrothermal systems beneath Deception volcano that were probably caused by a deep injection of undegassed magma before December 2009. The diffuse CO2 degassing data have provided evidence of the activation of at least two different sources of seismicity during the study period at Deception volcano.

Conceptual Blending in Theatrical Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Blending Function

This project will be an examination of the potentialities of using conceptual blending to describe the cognitive processing that occurs when audience members engage in a theatrical event. Specifically, it will frame the processes using the play White Rabbit Red Rabbit by Nassim Soleimanpour, which itself examines the multiplicities of mental spaces required to engage in performance. In this project, I hope to examine conceptual blending and its relation to theatre, especially metatheatre, in which audience members must balance several levels of performance and reality in one theatrical event. There has been research conducted into relating blending theories with semantics, semiotics, and literature, in particular in the realm of metaphor in which a reader must maintain both the original and analogy in the same mental space in order to draw the comparison. The move towards theatre follows logically, as it encourages audiences to view a performance of fiction or imagination while balancing the 'real' quality of the actors, set pieces, or even words and story, as in verbatim and documentary performance, respectively. Considering these ideas, my core questions can be grouped around three main ideas: How does conceptual blending function when watching theatrical performance, specifically White Rabbit Red Rabbit? What specific moments in the script, performance, or audience experience in White Rabbit Red Rabbit prompt conceptual blending, or challenge our usual conceptual blending process? What implications are there for the use of conceptual blending or cognitive science in theatre for shaping audience perception?

scholarly journals Rhetorical Devices as Multimodal Conceptual Blends in Brene Brown’s 99U Conference Talk (2013)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nahla Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Space Network ◽  
Multimodal Representations ◽  
Mental Space

The present study examines the rhetorical devices used by Brené Brown in a 99U conference Talk (2013) in order to engage and persuade the audience that vulnerability is the seed of creativity and therefore, should be embraced as a stepping-stone to success. The study mainly explores the role conceptual blending theory plays in the exploitation of multimodal rhetorical devices, which include an inspirational quote, analogies and metaphors (both verbal and visual) and how they form a ‘mega-blend’ and a complex network of conceptual integration. The study also applies the conceptual blending model and the discursive process of framing in the analysis as crucial for the meaning construal of these multimodal rhetorical blends. The blending-framing analysis showed that these diverse rhetorical devices often require a complex multi-frame analysis and a larger mental space network of mappings to derive the intended message and achieve the intended rhetorical effect on the audience. The analysis also showed that the blending-framing model provided a unified theoretical framework that could examine the discursive function and multimodal representations of diverse rhetorical devices in edutainment events.

The significance of theme

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirian C. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Systemic Functional Linguistics ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Functional Linguistics ◽  
Prague School ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Context Of Utterance

This paper explores the area of mismatches between the grammatical semantics of definite NPs and equivalent features actually operative in common ground in a given context of utterance. It does so with a view to examining the provision for accounting for their significance in terms of a Prague School approach and in terms of Systemic Functional Linguistics; and finds problems, of different kinds, with both these approaches. The rhetorical exploitation of such mismatching demonstrated by opening a text in medias res is discussed; and a third approach, that of “significance generation”, is proposed. This approach of significance generation, which has previously been applied with respect to the meaningfulness of different sentence types, is proposed here as offering a new perspective on a confusing area of different kinds of meaningfulness in the treatment of theme. It involves a “change of gear” between features of meaning associated with the forms of language (linguistic semantics) and features operative in a context of their use. It is based on the claim that a single variable, such as ‘± given’, may have a different value according to whether it is derived from “context as is”, or from the semantics of the linguistic expression used in that context. For example, the linguistic semantics may indicate ‘+ given’, where there is nothing in context to validate this, and so the value as derived from context would be ‘− given’. By allowing for features from these two different sources to clash, this approach provides for a significance outcome, seen as a category in pragmatics which is the product of their combination, to be different from both of them: that is, here, “clash” , as opposed to either ‘+ given’ or ‘− given’. In so doing, I suggest that it provides a framework in terms of which to account for ways in which such opposition may be exploited for rhetorical effect.

scholarly journals Mammalian olfaction is a high temporal bandwidth sense

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Erskine ◽  
Tobias Ackels ◽  
Debanjan Dasgupta ◽  
Izumi Fukunaga ◽  
Andreas T. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Delivery Device ◽  
Turbulent Environments ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Reproducible Manner ◽  
Extract Information

AbstractOdours are transported in turbulent plumes resulting locally in highly fluctuating odour concentration (Celani et al., 2014; Murlis et al., 1992; Mylne and Mason, 1991; Shraiman and Siggia, 2000). Yet, whether mammals can make use of the ensuing temporal structure (Celani et al., 2014; Crimaldi and Koseff, 2001; Murlis et al., 1992; Mylne and Mason, 1991; Schmuker et al., 2016; Vickers, 2000) to extract information about the olfactory environment remains unknown. Here, we use dual-energy photoionisation recording with >300 Hz bandwidth to simultaneously determine odour concentrations of two odours in air. We show that temporal correlation of odour concentrations reliably predicts whether odorants emerge from the same or different sources in normal turbulent environments outside and in laboratory conditions. To replicate natural odour dynamics in a reproducible manner we developed a multichannel odour delivery device allowing presentation of several odours with 10 ms temporal resolution. Integrating this device in an automated operant conditioning system we demonstrate that mice can reliably discriminate the correlation structure of odours at frequencies of up to 40 Hz. Consistent with this finding, output neurons in the olfactory bulb show segregated responses depending on the correlation of odour stimuli with populations of 10s of neurons sufficient to reach behavioural performance. Our work thus demonstrates that mammals can perceive temporal structure in odour stimuli at surprisingly fast timescales. This in turn might be useful for key behavioural challenges (Jacobs, 2012) such as odour source separation (Hopfield, 1991), figure-ground separation (Rokni et al., 2014) or odour localisation (Vergassola et al., 2007; Vickers, 2000).

The Ontogenesis of Agent

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Barrett Olswang ◽  
Robert L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Single Word ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Structured Activities

Three children were followed longitudinally for 12 months, between their 11th and 22nd months of life, to document their development of the linguistic expression of the agent concept. The children were observed approximately once a month in play and structured activities designed to elicit nonverbal and linguistic behaviors indicative of the children's awareness of the agent concept. This study describes how the linguistic behaviors (i.e., vocalizations, single-word utterances, and multiword utterances) were paired with emerging nonverbal agentive behaviors over the 12-month period. The children's first vocalizations did not appear to be consistently associated with any nonverbal agentive behaviors. Later vocalizations were consistently paired with directive nonverbal agentive behaviors. With the emergence of the mature cognitive notion of agent, the children produced single-word utterances coding the agent in agent-action-recipient events. And finally, for two of the children, multiword utterances coding two aspects of agent-action-recipient events were produced. The evolution of paired nonverbal agentive behaviors and different utterance types has provided evidence supporting the linguistic expression of an underlying cognitive notion.

Is there a temporal correlation between cough and GERD?

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A119-A119
Author(s):  
A WUNDERLICH ◽  
J MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Correlation
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