scholarly journals Hereditary symbionts and mitochondria: distribution in insect populations and quasi-linkage of genetic markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Zakharov ◽  
Elena Shaikevich
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Biological Consequence ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Joint Transmission

Maternal transmission ensures the joint transmission and simultaneous presence in populations of individuals with certain variants of the bacterial symbiont and host mitochondrial DNA. Such “quasi-linkage” of cytoplasmic genomes among insects and other arthropods is widespread. The symbiont acts as a “driver” of mitochondria and the obvious biological consequence is the spread of the “linked” mitochondrial haplotype in the population, which itself does not have increased selective value to the organism. Examples of such indirect selective mitochondrial sweep in insects are discussed, as well as biological consequences of this phenomenon and mechanisms of increasing the frequency of symbiont-infected individuals in the population.

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in a black fly, Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Zhu ◽  
K P Pruess ◽  
T O Powers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Simulium Vittatum ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Mitochondrial Heterogeneity

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted from pooled field-collected samples representing six species of black flies (Cnephia dacotensis, Simulium bivittaum, S. johansenni, S. luggeri, S. piperi, S. vittatum) and compared by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Morphospecies were molecularly distinct, with few shared restriction fragments. Eleven populations of S. vittatum were found that appeared to be homogeneous for a single mitochondrial haplotype. Ten other populations of S. vittatum showed extensive mitochondrial heterogeneity. In part, these samples contained mixtures of two cytologically recognized siblings: IIIL-1 and IS-7. About 70% of the mitochondrial genome of a population pure for sibling IIIL-1 was cloned as five HindIII fragments, which were used as hybridization probes to examine individual black flies. Thirteen mtDNA haplotypes involving permutations of 10 HindIII restriction sites were identified in individual black flies examined from 26 populations. DNA from 168 larvae cut with both EcoR1 and HindIII revealed five additional haplotypes. One HindIII haplotype was present in 84% of 390 larvae examined and predominated in every population examined from New York to California and in both the IIIL-1 and IS-7 siblings. Nebraska populations had individuals with nearly all known haplotypes. The most common haplotype was usually the only form present in warm, silty streams with organic enrichment. Rarer haplotypes were found in cool, spring-fed streams but without clear geographic or phylogenetic components.

Maternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA in ducks

1990 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lih-Yuan Lin ◽  
I-Ping Cheng ◽  
C.S. Tzeng ◽  
P.C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Maternal Transmission

scholarly journals Germline selection shapes human mitochondrial DNA diversity

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (6442) ◽  
pp. eaau6520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Salih Tuna ◽  
Michael J. Keogh ◽  
Katherine R. Smith ◽  
Timothy J. Aitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Female Germ Line ◽  
Genomic Regions

Approximately 2.4% of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome exhibits common homoplasmic genetic variation. We analyzed 12,975 whole-genome sequences to show that 45.1% of individuals from 1526 mother–offspring pairs harbor a mixed population of mtDNA (heteroplasmy), but the propensity for maternal transmission differs across the mitochondrial genome. Over one generation, we observed selection both for and against variants in specific genomic regions; known variants were more likely to be transmitted than previously unknown variants. However, new heteroplasmies were more likely to match the nuclear genetic ancestry as opposed to the ancestry of the mitochondrial genome on which the mutations occurred, validating our findings in 40,325 individuals. Thus, human mtDNA at the population level is shaped by selective forces within the female germ line under nuclear genetic control, which ensures consistency between the two independent genetic lineages.

DNA and allozyme markers provide concordant estimates of population differentiation: analyses of U.S. and Canadian populations of Yukon River fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1748-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim T Scribner ◽  
Penelope A Crane ◽  
William J Spearman ◽  
Lisa W Seeb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Mixed Stock

Although the number of genetic markers available for fisheries research has steadily increased in recent years, there is limited information on their relative utility. In this study, we compared the preformance of different "classes" of genetic markers (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear DNA (nDNA), and allozymes) in terms of estimating levels and partitioning of genetic variation and of the relative accuracy and precision in estimating population allocations to mixed-stock fisheries. Individuals from eight populations of fall-run chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Yukon River in Alaska and Canada were assayed at 25 loci. Significant differences in mitochondrial haplotype and nuclear allele frequencies were observed among five drainages. Populations from the U.S.-Canada border region were not clearly distinguishable based on multilocus allele frequencies. Although estimates of total genetic diversities were higher for the DNA loci (Ht = 0.592 and h = 0.647 for nDNA and mtDNA, respectively) compared with protein allozymes (Ht = 0.250), estimates of the extent of population differentiation were highly concordant across marker classes (mean theta = 0.010, 0.011, and 0.016 for allozymes, nDNA, and mtDNA, respectively). Simulations of mixed-stock fisheries composed of varying contributions of U.S. and Canadian populations revealed a consistent bias for overallocation of Canadian stocks when expected Canadian contributions varied from 0 to 40%, due primarily to misallocations among genetically similar border populations. No single marker class is superior for differentiating populations of this species at the spatial scale examined.

scholarly journals Identification of species-specific nuclear insertions of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in gorillas and their potential as population genetic markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Darío Soto-Calderón ◽  
Nicholas Jonathan Clark ◽  
Julia Vera Halo Wildschutte ◽  
Kelly DiMattio ◽  
Michael Ignatius Jensen-Seaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Mitochondrial DNA variation in the Italian Heavy Draught Horse

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hovirag Lancioni ◽  
Irene Cardinali ◽  
Andrea Giontella ◽  
Maria Teresa Antognoni ◽  
Arianna Miglio
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Long Time

Background In the last decades, Italy as well as other developed countries have registered a decrease in the population size of many local horse breeds. The continuous crossbreeding has determined the dilution of genetic heritage of several native breeds. The Italian Heavy Draught Horse (IHD) is the only autochthonous Italian coldblooded horse among these breeds; therefore, it represents a resource to be preserved. In 1927, the first generation of this breed was officially created by crossing different Heavy Draught horses with local mares and recorded in a Studbook. Methodology To provide the first comprehensive overview of the genetic diversity of Italian Heavy Draught horses from Central Italy, we produced and phylogenetically analysed 52 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences. Furthermore, we evaluated data available from GenBank (N = 568) to have a more complete scenario and to understand the relationships with other European Heavy Draught horse breeds. Results Among the IHD samples that were analysed, we identified ten of the 17 haplogroups described in modern horses. Most of these sequences fell into L, G, and M lineages, thus showing the overall mtDNA legacy of the ancestral mares that were probably used at the initial stages of breeding selections a long time ago. The high mitochondrial haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.969) found in our samples reflected the multiple maternal origins of the horses. Our results highlighted a considerable percentage of haplotypes shared especially with Bardigiano and Hungarian Heavy Draught breeds. Furthermore, both the presence of four unique haplotypes detected in our samples and their absence among all equine mitochondrial published data demonstrate a mitochondrial peculiarity that needs to be further investigated and preserved with careful breeding practices.

Mitochondrial DNA: A Source of Genetic Markers for Studies of Similar Passerine Bird Species

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Mack ◽  
Frank B. Gill ◽  
Robert Colburn ◽  
Christina Spolsky
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Parus Atricapillus ◽  
Carolina Chickadee ◽  
Tufted Titmouse

Abstract Restriction enzyme analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus), Carolina Chickadee (P. carolinensis), and Tufted Titmouse (P. bicolor) indicate substantial genetic divergence (p = 0.04-0.09). Eleven of 14 enzymes produced fragment patterns that distinguish the two chickadees, revealing a bounty of markers for studies of these sibling species.

scholarly journals Detection of human fecal pollution in environmental waters using human mitochondrial DNA and correlation with general and human-associated fecal genetic markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. M. Tanvir Pasha ◽  
Jessica Hinojosa ◽  
Duc Phan ◽  
Adrianne Lopez ◽  
Vikram Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Human Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sewage Contamination ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Rain Events

Abstract Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic markers are abundant in sewage and highly human-specific, suggesting a great potential for the environmental application as human fecal pollution indicators. Limited data are available on the occurrence and co-occurrence of human mtDNA with fecal bacterial markers in surface waters, and how the abundance of these markers is influenced by rain events. A 1-year sampling study was conducted in a suburban watershed impacted by human sewage contamination to evaluate the performance of a human mtDNA-based marker along with the bacterial genetic markers for human-associated Bacteroidales (BacHum and HF183) and Escherichia coli. Additionally, the human mtDNA-based assay was correlated with rain events and other markers. The mtDNA marker was detected in 92% of samples (n = 140) with a mean concentration of 2.96 log10 copies/100 ml throughout the study period. Human mtDNA was detected with greater abundance than human-associated Bacteroidales that could be attributed to differences in the decay of these markers in the environment. The abundance of all markers was positively correlated with rain events, and human mtDNA abundance was significantly correlated with various bacterial markers. In general, these results should support future risk assessment for impacted watersheds, particularly those affected by human fecal pollution, by evaluating the performance of these markers during rain events. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document